εἴδω G1492
To know; from the perfect of eidon ('to see'), meaning to know facts or truths, or to know personally through acquaintance.
Rooted in the ancient connection between seeing and knowing (compare Latin videre, Sanskrit veda, Gothic wait), oida in its perfect tense came to mean 'I know' -- knowledge already possessed and settled. In most of its 321 New Testament appearances it denotes factual or propositional knowledge: 'you know that after two days the Passover comes' (Matt 26:2). Spanish helpfully mirrors the distinction: saber for factual knowledge versus conocer for personal acquaintance, exactly tracking the two senses. The smaller personal-knowledge sense appears when someone recognizes a person or situation firsthand (Matt 27:18; Luke 6:8).
1. know facts or truths — To possess factual or propositional knowledge -- knowing that something is the case, understanding a truth, or being aware of information (285 occurrences). Spanish 'saber' and Arabic 'alima' both correspond precisely to this cognitive, intellectual knowing. Prominent in Jesus's teachings where he appeals to what hearers already know (Matt 7:11; 24:42; 25:13) and in apostolic arguments built on shared doctrinal knowledge. 285×
AR["تَعرِفونَ","تَعلَمونَ","تَعْرِفونَ","تَعْرِفُونَ","تَعْرِفُونَهُ","تَعْلَمونَ","تَعْلَمَانِ","تَعْلَمُونَ"]·ben["জান","তোমরা-জানো"]·DE["weiß","wissen"]·EN["do-you-know","know","you-know"]·FR["savoir"]·heb["יוֹדְעִים","יוֹדְעִים-אַתֶּם","יוֹדְעִים־אַתֶּם"]·HI["जअन्ते","जानते","जानते,","जानते-हो","जानते-हो,","जानते।"]·ID["kamu","kamu-kenal","kamu-tahu","kenal","kenal,","tahu"]·IT["sapere"]·jav["ingkang-dipunmangertosi.","mangertos","panjenengan-mangertos","panjenengan-sedaya-mangertos","sumerep","sumerep,","sumerep.","tepang,"]·KO["모른다","아는다","안다","알다","알면","알지-못하느냐","알지-못하는다","왜냐하면"]·PT["conheceis","conheceis,","sabeis"]·RU["знаете","умеете"]·ES["conocéis","sabéis"]·SW["gani","hamjui","jui","mna-jua","mnajua","mnaomba","mnavyojua"]·TR["bilirsiniz","biliyorsunuz","tanımıyorsunuz"]·urd["جانتیں","جانتے","جانتے-ہو","جانتے،"]
Matt 7:11, Matt 20:22, Matt 24:42, Matt 25:13, Matt 27:65, Mark 4:13, Mark 10:38, Mark 13:33, Mark 13:35, Luke 9:55, Luke 11:13, Luke 12:56 (+38 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. know personally or recognize — To know a person, place, or thing through direct encounter or personal acquaintance (36 occurrences). The Spanish distinction is illuminating: this sense aligns with 'conocer' and Arabic 'arafa,' both implying relational or experiential familiarity rather than abstract knowledge. Pilate 'knew' (recognized) that the chief priests had delivered Jesus out of envy (Matt 27:18); the disciples 'did not know' how to respond to the Transfiguration (Mark 9:6). 36×
AR["أَكُنْ-أَعْرِفُهُ","تَعرِف","تَعْرِفْ","عَرَفتُم","عَرَفْتُمُوهُ","عَلِمَ","عَلِمْتُ","كانَ-يَعلَمُ","كَانَ-يَعْرِفُ","كَانَ-يَعْلَمُ","يَعْرِفُونَ","يَعْرِفْ","يَعْلَمْ","يَكُنْ-يَعْرِفُ"]·ben["চিনতেন","জানত","জানতাম","জানতে","জানতেন","জানে","তারা-চেনে"]·DE["weiß","wissen"]·EN["he-knew","knew","they-know","you-had-known","you-would-have-known","you-would-know"]·FR["savoir"]·heb["יְדַעְתֶּם","יָדְעָה","יָדַע","יָדַעְתִּי","יוֹדְעִים"]·HI["जानता-था","जानती-थी","जानती-हैं","जानते","जानते-हैं","जानते।"]·ID["Ia-tahu","dia-tahu","ia-tahu","kamu-akan-mengenal","kamu-kenal","mengenal","mengetahui","mereka-mengenal","tahu","tahulah"]·IT["sapere"]·jav["Piyambakipun-mangertos","kenal","mangertos","mirsa","panjenengan-sedaya-mangertos〉;","pirsa","piyambakipun-mboten-mangertos","sumerep","sumerep,","sumerep.","tepang"]·KO["알고-있었다","알기-때문이다","알았나이다","알았다","알았다면","알았을-것이다","알지","알지-못했다"]·PT["conhecem","conheceríeis","conhecia","conhecido","conhecíeis","sabia"]·RU["знал","знала","знали","знают"]·ES["Conocía","conocen","conoceríais","conocierais","conocía","sabía"]·SW["alijua","alimjua","hakujua","hawamjui","jua","jui","mjua","mngejua","mngemjua","nilijua","wanaijua"]·TR["bilirdiniz","biliyordu","biliyordum","biliyorlar","bilmiyordu","bilseydiniz","tanımıyordum","tanırdınız","tanıyordu","tanıyorlar"]·urd["جانتا-تھا","جانتی-تھی","جانتی-ہیں","جانتیں","جانتے"]
Matt 27:18, Mark 9:6, Luke 6:8, Luke 18:20, Luke 22:34, John 1:31, John 1:33, John 2:9, John 4:10, John 5:13, John 6:6, John 6:64 (+24 more)
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)G5590 1. soul, inner self (100×)H4672 2. Niphal: be found, be discovered (99×)H1875 1. seek, search for (96×)H5315 2. life, vitality (94×)H1847 1. knowledge, discernment (90×)H2450 1. wise, prudent (84×)H7911 1. Qal: to forget (83×)H3684 1. fool, dullard (70×)G2212 1. seek, search for, look for (64×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
εἴδω, no active present in use, ὁράω being used:—middle, see.below Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 2 εἶδον always in sense of see (so in present and aorist 1 middle, to be seen, i.e. seem): but perfect οἶδα, in present sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, compare (ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Latin videre; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Sanskrit véda, Gothic wait, ORefs 5th c.BC+ wát 'know'.) __A aorist 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα Refs 5th…