ψῡχ-ή G5590
Soul, inner self, life; the animating principle of a person encompassing spiritual identity, desires, and mortal existence.
Psyche is one of the richest anthropological terms in the New Testament, spanning the full range from physical life to the deepest interior of a person. Jesus teaches that one can lose one's psyche yet save it (Matt 16:25), playing on both the physical and spiritual dimensions simultaneously. The word renders Hebrew nephesh throughout the Septuagint, carrying forward that same broad semantic range. Spanish distinguishes 'alma' (soul) from 'vida' (life), French uses 'ame,' and German 'Seele,' but the Greek term intentionally holds both together. In most of its 103 New Testament occurrences, psyche refers to the inner self as the seat of emotions, will, and spiritual identity rather than mere biological existence.
1. soul, inner self — The immaterial inner self: the seat of feelings, desires, moral life, and spiritual identity. This dominant sense (100 occurrences) appears in Jesus' teaching about loving God with all your psyche (Matt 22:37), Mary's song (Luke 1:46), and Paul's pastoral concern (1 Thess 2:8). Spanish 'alma,' French 'ame,' and German 'Seele' all capture this interior, personal dimension that goes beyond mere physical life. 100×
AR["نَفسًا","نَفسَ","نَفسَهُ","نَفسُ","نَفسِكَ","نَفسِكُم","نَفسِي","نَفْسًا","نَفْسَ","نَفْسَهُ","نَفْسِهِ","نَفْسِي"]·ben["প্রাণ","প্রাণকে","প্রাণে","প্রাণের","প্রাণের-জন্য"]·DE["Seele"]·EN["life","soul"]·FR["âme"]·heb["מַחֲשָׁבָה","נֶּפֶשׁ","נֶפֶשׁ","נַפְשִׁי","נַפְשׁוֹ"]·HI["प्रअन","प्राण","प्राण-के-लिए","प्राण-को","या"]·ID["Jiwa","jiwa","nyawa"]·IT["anima"]·jav["gesang","jiwa","nyawa","nyawanipun"]·KO["목숨-을","목숨을","목숨의","생명","생명-을","생명을","영혼","영혼-이","영혼과","영혼은","영혼이"]·PT["Vida","alma","vida"]·RU["душа","душе","души","душой","душу"]·ES["alma","vida"]·SW["fidia","nafsi","roho","uhai","yako"]·TR["can","canı","canım","canınla","canını","canının","canınız"]·urd["جان","جان-کو"]
Matt 2:20, Matt 6:25, Matt 6:25, Matt 10:28, Matt 10:28, Matt 10:39, Matt 10:39, Matt 12:18, Matt 16:25, Matt 16:25, Matt 16:26, Matt 16:26 (+38 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. life, physical existence — Physical, mortal life that can be risked, lost, or preserved. In Acts 27:10, 22 Paul speaks of the psychai (lives) of those aboard the storm-tossed ship, and Revelation 8:9 describes sea creatures losing their psyche. Spanish 'vidas,' French 'ame,' and the pluralized forms across languages mark the shift from interior selfhood to countable mortal existence. 3×
AR["أَرْوَاحِنَا","أَنْفُسٌ","نَفْسٍ"]·ben["প্রাণ;","প্রাণের"]·DE["Seele"]·EN["lives","of-life","souls"]·FR["âme"]·heb["נֶפֶשׁ","נַפְשׁוֹתֵינוּ","שֶׁל-נֶפֶשׁ"]·HI["प्राण","प्राणका","प्राणोंका"]·ID["jiwa","jiwa;"]·IT["anima"]·jav["nyawa"]·KO["목숨-의","목숨들-의","생명들이"]·PT["de-vida","vida","vidas"]·RU["душ","души","души;"]·ES["almas","de-vida","vidas"]·SW["maisha","uhai","uhai;"]·TR["canları","canlarının","canın"]·urd["جان","جانوں","جانیں"]
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)G1492 1. know facts or truths (285×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)H4672 2. Niphal: be found, be discovered (99×)H1875 1. seek, search for (96×)H5315 2. life, vitality (94×)H1847 1. knowledge, discernment (90×)H2450 1. wise, prudent (84×)H7911 1. Qal: to forget (83×)H3684 1. fool, dullard (70×)G2212 1. seek, search for, look for (64×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε Refs 8th c.BC+; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, Refs 8th c.BC+; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,Refs 5th c.BC+ to save their life, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, NT+7th c.BC+; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώςRefs 5th c.BC+; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of NT+5th c.BC+; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ…