Knowing and Learning

יָדַע943 vb. know (NH id.; Aramaic יְדַע, ܝܺܕܰܥ Ph. ידע; Ethiopic አይድዐ ii. i. indicate, announce, narrate; Assyrian idû, know, COTGloss.; Sab. ידע, especially in cpd. n.pr. DHMZMG 1875, 612)— Qal Pf. יָדַע Gn 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Lv 5:1 +; sf. יְדָעוֹ Dt 34:10 Jb 28:7; יְדָעָהּ Gn 24:16 1 K 1:4; יְדָעָ֫נוּ Is 63:16; 3 fs. יָֽדְעָה Ju 11:39 + 4 times; 2 ms. יָדַ֫עְתָּ Gn 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 S 2:26; יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ru 2:11; 1 K 2:15; יָדָ֑עַתְּ Je 50:24; וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consec. Ru 3:4 + 6 times (incl. Ez 22:16, Co וִידַעְתֶּם, so 𝔊 𝔗) + Ez 28:22 Co (for וְיָֽדְעוּ), so 𝔊; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Gn 4:9 +; sf. יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Ex 33:12 + 2 times; יְדַעְתִּיו Gn 18:19; יְ��ַעְתִּים Pr 30:18; יְדַעְתִּין Is 48:7; יָֽדְעוּ Gn 19:8 +; יָדָ֑עוּ 2 K 4:39 +; יָֽדְעוּן Dt 8:3, 16 (Dr§ 6 n.); 2 mpl. יְדַעְתֶּם Gn 44:15 +; 2 fpl. יְדַעְתֶּן Gn 31:6; וִידַעְתֶּן consec. Ez 13:21, 23, etc.; Impf. יֵדַע Is 7:16 +; יֵדָ֑ע Jos 22:22 + 5 times; יְיֵדָ֑ע ψ 138:6 (read prob. יֵידָ֑ע v. Ges§ 69, 2 R. 3); וַיֵּ֫דַע Gn 4:17 +; sf. יֵדָֽעֶנּוּ Je 17:9; וְיֵֽדָעֵם Ho 14:10; Imv. דַּע Gn 20:7 + 10 times; דְּעֶה Pr 24:14; דָּ֑ע Ec 11:9; sf. דָּעֵ֫הוּ Pr 3:6; דְּעִי Je 2:19 + 4 times; דְּעוּ Nu 32:23 + 15 times; Inf. cstr. דֵּעָה Ex 2:4; דַּ֫עַת Gn 3:22 +; דַּעְתִּי Dt 9:24 Is 48:4, etc.; Inf. abs. יָדוֹעַ Gn 43:7 Jos 23:13; יָדֹעַ Gn 15:13 + 11 times; Pt. act. יֹדֵעַ Gn 3:5 +; f. יֹדַ֫עַת Nu 31:17 + 2 times; יֹדְעִים 2 K 17:26 +; pass. וִידוּעַ cstr. Is 53:3; pl. וִידֻעִים Dt 1:13, 15;— 1. a. know, learn to know, good and evil Gn 3:22 (J), sq. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר 1 S 28:9; מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2 S 24:2; anything מְאוּמָה 1 S 20:39; לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאוּמָה Gn 39:6 (v. II. אֵת 1 b), so v 8; כָּל־דָּבָר 2 S 15:11; subj. God, knowing fowls ψ 50:11; way to wisdom Jb 28:23, etc.; of bird of prey נָתִיב לֹא יְדָעוֹ עָ֑יִט Jb 28:7; the price of wisdom Jb 28:13; something future יום מוֹתִי Gn 27:2 (J); especially sq. cl. Gn 12:11 (J) I know that thou art a woman of fair appearance, 22:12 (E), Ec 1:17; לֹא ידעתי Gn 28:16; answering qu. Where? without other obj., 4:9 (both J); sq. acc. + בְּ, in, in the matter of (v. בְּ I 2 b) לֹא יָדַע עַבְדְּךָ בְּכָל־זֹאת דָּבָר קָטֹן אוֹ גדוֹל 1 S 22:15 thy servant knoweth not of all this anything, little or much; sq. בְּ (rare), gain knowledge of, learn of or about, c. inf., הֲתֵדַע בְּשׂוּם־אֱלוֹהַּ עֲלֵיהֶם Jb 37:15 dost thou know about God’s enjoining upon them? also c. subst. אִישׁ אַל־יֵדַע בַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Je 38:24 let not a man know of these words; similarly sq. עַל, only הֲתֵדַע עַל־מִפְלְשֵׂי־עָ֑ב Jb 37:16 dost thou know concerning the balancings of clouds? (in Jb 12:9 בְּ is instr. as Gn 15:8 ψ 41:12); sq. מִן, רְאוּ וּדְעוּ מִכָּל־הַמַּחֲבֹאִים 1 S 23:23 observe and get knowledge of all the hiding-places; but sq. obj. cl. + מִן of source, קֶדֶם יָדַעְתִּי מֵעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּי ψ 119:152 long ago I gained knowledge out of thy testimonies that etc.; sq. לְ, have knowledge of, †יָדַעְתָּ לְאִוַּלְתִּי ψ 69:6 thou knowest my foolishness; especially וידע כי אני יהוה and he shall (thou shalt, etc.) know that I am Yahweh Ex 10:2 (R), 6:7; 14:4; 16:12; 29:46 (all P), Ez 6:7, 10, 13 + often in Ezek., 1 K 20:13, 28; sq. acc., which is really subj. of foll. cl., Gn 18:19 (J) I know him that he will, etc. 2 S 3:25 (Ges§ 117. 1, R. 6). b. perceive Gn 19:33, 35 (J obj. cl., inf. c. בְּ); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place, acc. Ru 3:4; c. בְּ, יָדַעְתָּ בְּצָרוֹת נַפְשִׁי ψ 31:8 (‖ רָאָה אֶת־). c. ‖ ראה, imv. דע וראה perceive and see 1 S 12:17; 24:12; find out and discern 14:38; 23:22; in reverse order, ראו ודעו only 23:23 (v. a supr.), Je 5:1 (v. DrSm).—Vid. also g infr. d. discriminate, distinguish הַאֵדַע בֵּין־טוֹב לְרָ֑ע 2 S 19:36, cf. Dt 1:39 (no בֵּין); לֹא יָדְֽעוּ בֵין־יְמִינוֹ לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ Jon 4:11 they cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left. e. know by experience, וִידַעְתֶּם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶם כִּי Jos 23:14 (D) and know in all your hearts, and all your souls, that, etc.; learn to know י׳ Ho 13:4; learn (a bitter lesson) Ho 9:7 Is 9:8 ψ 14:4; experience י׳’s vengeance Ez 25:14 ψ 14:4 (abs.); quietness Jb 20:20. f. recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Je 3:13; 14:20 Is 59:12 ψ 51:5. g. consider דְּעוּ מַה־תַּעֲשׂוּ Ju 18:14; ‖ ראה, imv. דע וראה, דעו וראו, 2 S 24:13; 1 K 20:7, 22; also וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם־לִבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּי Dt 8:5 and thou shalt consider with (in) thy heart, that, 4:39. h. לֹא ידע not know = not expect Is 47:11 ψ 35:8. 2. know a person, be acquainted with Gn 29:5 (J), Ex 1:8 (E), Jb 42:11, know י׳ 24:1; c. לֹא, obj. especially other gods, strange land, etc. = have no knowledge of, or acquaintance with, have not heard of, especially Dt Je:—Dt 11:28; 13:3, 7, 14; 28:64; 29:25; 32:17 (poem), Je 7:9; 9:15; 14:18; 16:13; 17:4; 19:4; 22:28; 44:3; pt. act. acquaintance Jb 19:13; †pt. pass. acquainted with אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֹת וִידוּעַ חֹ֑לִי Is 53:3 (lit. known of sickness, v. Thes Ew Che Di Du); well-known (with implied trustworthiness) Dt 1:13, 15 †; of beasts knowing owner and master’s crib Is 1:3 (cf. Je 8:7); especially of knowing God לֹא יָדַעְתִּי (י׳) אֶת־י׳ Ex 5:2 (J); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Ju 2:10 1 S 2:12 (read יֵדַע for MT יָדַע, Dr), 3:7 Ho 2:22; 8:2; 5:4 Jb 18:21 ψ 79:6 (v. also דַּעַת 2 b); of God’s knowing persons, etc., thoroughly Ho 5:3; Jb 11:11; knowing the heart 1 K 8:39; 2 Ch 6:30 ψ 139:4; knowing his true servants, recognising and acknowledging them 2 S 7:20; Na 1:7 1 Ch 17:18 +; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Ex 33:12 (JE); = take notice of, regard ψ 1:6; 31:8; 37:18; so of Isr. as chosen people Am 3:2; Ho 13:5 (Assyrian ilu šâ îdûšu, God who regardeth him, HptBAS i. 15) cf. Gn. 18:19; 39:6 (J) Dt 33:9 Jb 9:21. 3. know a person carnally, sq. acc.: man subj. Gn 4:1, 17, 25; 24:16; 38:26 (all J), 1 S 1:19; Ju 19:25; 1 K 1:4; woman subj. Gn 19:8 (J), Nu 31:17, 18, 35 (all P), Ju 11:39; יֹדַעַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Ju 21:11; לֹא יָֽדְעָה אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר v 12; man subj. and obj. (of sodomy) Gn 19:5 (J), Ju 19:22. 4. a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it, often c. לֹא and sq. inf.: לֹא יָֽדְעוּ עֲשׂוֹת־נְכֹחָה Am 3:10 they know not how to do right; לֹא יָדַעְתִּי דַבֵּר Je 1:6; 6:15; 1 K 3:7; Is 56:11(×11), c. לְ 50:4 Ec 10:15; לֹא יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13 know not how to be admonished (v 17 know that); inf. abs. ידע מָאוֹס בָּרָע וּבָחוֹר בַּטּוֹב Is 7:15, 16. b. be skilful in, especially pt., sq. acc. יֹדֵעַ צַיִד Gn 25:27 (J) skilled in hunting; ידע סֵפֶר skilled in a book, learned Is 29:11, 12(×12); as pl. cstr. יוֹדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי Am 5:16 knowers of lamentation, professional mourners; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם 1 K 9:27 skilled in the sea, 2 Ch 8:18; especially sq. inf. יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן 1 S 16:18 skilled in playing, 1 K 5:20; 2 Ch 2:6, 7, 13: יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִּנּוֹר 1 S 16:16 knowing, (as) a player on the lyre (v. Dr). 5. abs. have knowledge, be wise: לַיֹּדְעִים Ec 9:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); especially have knowledge of God and duty, or in practical affairs Is 1:3 (‖ בין), 56:10; often c. acc. cogn.: דַּעַת Pr 17:27; 30:3; בִּינָה Is 29:24; Pr 4:1; 2 Ch 2:12, cf. יוֹדְעֵי בִּינָה לָעִתִּים 1 Ch 12:33 (Baer), Est 1:13; also יֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין v 13; יֹדְעֵי דַעַת וּמְבִינֵי מַדָּע Dn 1:4; obj. שֶׂכֶל וּבִינָה 2 Ch 2:11 (‖ בֵּן חָכָם); חָכְמָה וּמוּסָר Pr 1:2 (‖ הבין אִמְרֵי בִּינָה); חָכְמָה Pr 24:14; Ec 8:16. †Niph. Pf. נוֹדַע Gn 41:21 + 10 times; וְנוֹדַע consec. 1 S 6:3 + 2 times; 3 fs. וְנוֹדְעָה Lv 4:14; Is 66:14, etc.; Impf. יִוָּדַע Gn 41:31 + 10 times; יִוָּדֵ֑עַ Pr 10:9; וַיִּוָּדַ֫ע Est 2:22; 3 fs. תִּוָּדֵ֑עַ Pr 14:33; 2 fs. תִּוָּֽדְעִי Ru 3:3; וָאִוָּדַע Ez 20:5; Inf. sf. הִוָּֽדְעִי Je 31:19; Pt. נוֹדָע ψ 76:2 + 2 times;— 1. be made known, be or become known, of things Gn 41:31 (sq. בְּ), Ex 2:14 (both E), Lv 4:14 (P), Ju 16:9; 2 S 17:19; Na 3:17; Zc 14:7 (sq. לְ), ψ 77:20; 79:10 (sq. בְּ), 88:13 (sq. בְּ); of hand of י׳ Is 66:14 (sq. אֶת); c. subj. cl. Ex 21:36; 33:16 (both JE), Dt 21:1; 1 S 6:3 (sq. לְ), 1 K 18:36 Ez 36:32 (sq. לְ), Ru 3:14; Ec 6:10; Est 2:22 (sq. לְ); of pers., Pr 31:23 (sq. בְּ) Is 61:9 (sq. בְּ and בְּתוֹךְ); of י׳ ψ 76:2 (sq. בְּ); = be revealed, discovered, of pers. 1 S 22:6; Je 28:9; Pr 10:9; of things Ne 4:9; Pr 12:16; 14:33. 2. make oneself known, of pers., sq. לְ Ru 3:3, usually of God (י׳) Ex 6:3 (P; ‖ וָאֵרָא אֶל־), Is 19:21; Ez 20:5, sq. לְעֵינֵי 38:23; sq. אֶל־ 20:9; sq. בְּ 35:11 ψ 48:4; without prep. 9:17. 3. be perceived (pass. of Qal), of perception by the eye Gn 41:21 (E), ψ 74:5. 4. be instructed (pass. of Hiph.) Je 31:19, in spiritual sense, through chastisement. †Pi. Pf. 2 ms. יִדַּ֫עְתָּ, only ידעתה שַׁחַר מְקֹמוֹ Jb 38:12 Kt; read with Qr יִדַּעְתָּ הַשַּׁחַר cause to know, sq. 2 acc.; so ψ 104:19 according to Bae, who reads יִדַּע, after Aq Symm. †Po. Pf. 1 s. יוֹדַעְתִּי 1 S 21:3 I have caused to know, i.e. directed, sq. acc., but read יוֹעַדְתִּי or יָעַדְתִּי, from יעד, so 𝔊 We Dr. †Pu. Pt. known מידעת Is 12:5 Kt (Qr מוּדַעַת v. Hoph.); elsewhere as subst. = acquaintance מְיֻדָּעִי ψ 55:14; מְיֻדָּעָיו 2 K 10:11; מְיֻדָּעַי ψ 88:9 Jb 19:14 (‖ קְרוֹבָ֑י), ψ 88:19 (‖ אֹהֵב and רֵעַ); מְיֻדָּעָ֑י ψ 31:12, Kt מידע Ru 2:1 (Qr מוֹדַע q.v. infr.) †Hiph. Pf. הוֹדִיעַ ψ 98:2; הוֹדִיעַ֫נִי Je 11:18; הוֹדַ֫עְתָּ 1 K 1:27 + 2 times; הוֹדָ֑עְתָּ Jb 26:3, etc.; Impf. יוֹדִיעַ ψ 103:7 Is 38:19; juss. יֹדַ֫ע Nu 16:5; וַיֹּדַע Ju 8:16; יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ Is 40:13, 14; 2 ms. תּוֹדִיעַ Hb 3:2; תּוֹדִיעֵנִי ψ 16:11; 51:8; 1 s. אוֹדִיעַ ψ 89:2 Ez 39:7; אוֹדִיעָה Pr 1:23 Is 5:5; יוֹדִיעוּ Jb 32:7; יוֹדִעֻם Ez 44:23; נוֹדִיעָה 1 S 14:12; Imv. הוֹדַע Pr 9:9 + 3 times (הוֹדַ֑ע ψ 90:12); sf. חוֹדִיעֵנִי Jb 10:2 + 6 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. הוֹדִיעַ 2 S 7:21 + 3 times; הֹדִיעַ 1 Ch 17:19; הוֹדִיעֵנִי 1 S 28:15, etc.; Pt. מוֹדִיעֲךָ Dn 8:19; מוֹדִיעָם Je 16:21; מוֹדִיעִים Is 47:13 2 Ch 23:13;—make known, declare, c. acc. rei Nu 16:5 (P), Ez 39:7; 1 Ch 17:19; Jb 26:3 ψ 89:2; 98:2; 106:8; obj. om. Hb 3:2; teach, c. acc. rei Jb 32:7; sq. inf. ψ 90:12 and (peculiarly) מ׳ לְהַלֵּל 2 Ch 23:13 i.e. led in praising; c. לְ pers. Pr 9:9; c. acc. pers. Is 40:13; Ju 8:16 (but read וַיָּ֫דָשׁ, v. דושׁ); make known, declare, c. acc. rei, + לְ pers. Ex 18:20; Dt 4:9; Ne 8:12; 9:14 ψ 78:5; 103:7; 145:12; Is 38:19 (c. אל rei) 64:1; c. cl., + לְ pers. 1 S 10:8; make one know, c. cl. of thing and acc. (sf.) pers. Ex 33:12 Dt 8:3 1 S 6:2; 16:3; 28:15 Jb 10:2; 37:19; c. acc. rei + sf. pers. הוֹדִעֵנִי נָא אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֔ךָ וְאֵדָעֲךָ Ex 33:13 (JE) make me, I pray, to know thy ways, that I may know thee; Je 16:21 Ez 20:4; 22:2; 43:11; Is 40:14 (‖ וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת, also v a וַיְבִינֵהוּ), Pr 22:21; Jb 13:23 ψ 16:11; 25:4 (‖ לַמְּדֵנִי), v 14 (on inf. c. לְ v. Ges§ 114. 2, R. 2, Exx.), 39:5; 51:8; 143:8 (‖ הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי); חַטָּאתִי אוֹדִיעֲךָ 32:5 (‖ עֲוֹנִי לֹא־כִסִּיתִי); sq. 2 separate acc. Gn 41:39 (E), 1 S 14:12; Is 5:5 Ez 20:11; 16:2 Pr 1:23; Dn 8:19; acc. pers. om. Ex 18:16 (E); acc. rei om. Jos 4:22 = teach one (D), so Is 40:13, 2 S 7:21; 1 K 1:27; = answer Jb 38:3; 40:7; 42:4; c. sf. pers., acc. rei om. Je 11:18; 16:21 Pr 22:19; sq. acc. rei + בְּ ψ 77:15 thou hast made known thy might among the peoples, Is 12:4 1 Ch 18:8 = ψ 105:1; sq. cl. + בְּ pers. Ho 5:9; sq. בֵּין, teach the difference between, to discriminate between בֵּין הַטָּמֵא לְטָהוֹר Ez 22:26; + sf. pers. 44:23 (cf. Qal 1 d); sq. מִן partit. מוֹדִעִים לֶחֳדָשִׁים מֵאֲשֶׁר יָבוֹאוּ Is 47:13 who declare, at the new moons, of (the things) which are to come. †Hoph. Pf. הוֹדַע Lv 4:23, 28 (v. Köi, 427); Pt. מוּדַעַת Qr Is 12:5 (> Kt מְיֻדַּעַת);—made known (Pt.) Qr Is 12:5 let this be made known in (בְּ) all the earth (> Kt Pu. Pt. which is not elsewhere in this sense); sq. אֵלָיו if his sin be made known unto himself Lv 4:23, 28 (P). †Hithp. Impf. אֶתְוַדָּ֑ע Nu 12:6 (E), sq. אֶל־ make oneself known to, of י׳; Inf. הִתְוַדַּע אֶל־ Gn 45:1 (E), of Joseph.

εἴδω, no active present in use, ὁράω being used:—middle, see.below Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 2 εἶδον always in sense of see (so in present and aorist 1 middle, to be seen, i.e. seem): but perfect οἶδα, in present sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, compare (ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Latin videre; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Sanskrit véda, Gothic wait, ORefs 5th c.BC+ wát 'know'.) __A aorist 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα Refs 5th c.AD+aorist to ὁράω, Epic dialect ἴδον, iterative ἴδεσκε Refs 8th c.BC+, late Aeolic dialect εὔιδον Refs; imperative ἴδε (in Attic dialect written as adverb ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετ; subjunctive ἴδω, Epic dialect ἴδωμι Refs 8th c.BC+; optative ἴδοιμ; infinitive ἰδεῖν, Epic dialect ἰδέει; participle ἰδών: hence, future ἰδησῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+ —middle, aorist 2 εἰδόμην, Epic dialect ἰδόμην, in same sense, poetry, Ionic dialect, and later Prose (with genitive, Refs 4th c.BC+; imperative ἰδοῦ (frequently written as adverb ἰδού, ={ἰδέ}); subjunctive ἴδωμα; optative ἰδοίμη; infinitive ἰδέσθα; participle ἰδόμενος Refs 5th c.BC+ __1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Refs 8th c.BC+; mark, observe, Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently in infinitive after substantive or adjective, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Refs 8th c.BC+ __1.b see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, Refs 5th c.BC+ __1.c see, i.e. experience, νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς.. look at or towards, Refs; πρός.. Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Refs 8th c.BC+ adverb or adjective, ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, Refs; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν 'to see in his mind's eye', Refs 8th c.BC+ __3.b examine, investigate, Refs; consider, ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν Refs __II middle, present εἴδομαι, Epic dialect ἐείδεται Refs 3rd c.BC+, participle ἐειδόμενος Refs 5th c.BC+aorist εἰσάμην, Epic dialect participle ἐεισάμενος Refs 8th c.BC+:—only Epic dialect and Lyric poetry, to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear,Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 with infinitive, appear or seem to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ᾽ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴσατο δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, Refs __II.3 strictly middle, with dative, εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Refs 8th c.BC+: especially in participle, like, εἰδομένη κήρυκι Refs 8th c.BC+ __B perfect, οἶδα I know, used as present: pluperfect ᾔδεα (see. below), I knew, used as imperfect:—perfect οἶδα, Aeolic dialect ὄϊδα Refs 7th c.BC+; 2nd pers. singular οἶδας once in Refs 8th c.BC+; οἶσθα elsewhere in Refs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect, etc.; in Comedy texts also sometimes οἶσθας Refs 5th c.BC+; plural, ἴσμεν, Epic dialect, Aeolic dialect, and Doric dialect ἴδμεν, also Ionic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Refs 8th c.BC+; οἴδαμεν Refs 5th c.BC+ were formed Doric dialect 1st pers. singular ἴσᾱμι Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἴσατι Refs; 1st pers. plural ἴσᾰμεν Refs 5th c.BC+; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive ἴθθαντι Refs; infinitive ϝισάμηνRefs; participle ἴσας Refs 5th c.BC+subjunctive εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Refs 8th c.BC+, Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural εἰδέωσι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect also εἴδω Refs 8th c.BC+, 1st pers. plural εἰδεῖμεν Refs 5th c.BC+: infinitive εἰδέναι, Epic dialect ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν Refs 5th c.BC+: participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Epic dialect also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς Refs:—pluperfect ᾔδεα Refs 8th c.BC+, contraction ᾔδη Refs 8th c.BC+ frequently in codices, Refs 8th c.BC+ (also later Attic dialect, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+ (variant -εις, - ει), Refs 8th c.BC+; Attic dialect also 1st pers. singular ᾔδειν Refs 4th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular ᾔδεις Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ᾐδέατε LXX+6th c.BC+; late Epic dialect ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἴσαν Refs 8th c.BC+:—future, in this sense, εἴσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive εἰδησέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+ —The aorist and perfect are usually supplied by γιγνώσκ; aorist 1 infinitive εἰδῆσαι is found in Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No.Refs 2nd c.BC+:—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Refs 8th c.BC+; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Refs 5th c.BC+ know well, be assured of this, Refs 8th c.BC+ adjective, to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive, ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Refs 8th c.BC+; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow,Refs 8th c.BC+; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him,Refs 5th c.BC+ be Zeus my witness, Refs 8th c.BC+; Boeotian dialect ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Refs 5th c.BC+participle εἰδώς, absolutely, one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω Refs 8th c.BC+; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.2 with infinitive, know how to do, οἶδ᾽ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, Refs 5th c.BC+; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 Refs 5th c.BC+; learn, ἵν᾽ εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 with participle, to know that such and such is the fact, the participle being in nominative when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, Refs 5th c.BC+: in accusative when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς Refs 5th c.BC+participle omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (i.e. ὄντα) Refs 4th c.AD+ __B.4 less frequently c.accusative et infinitive, πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.5 with accusative followed by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.6 οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἰ.. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε Refs 5th c.BC+ perhaps no other, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως I know not how, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are frequently parenthetic, οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ Refs 5th c.BC+; also οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, πάρειμι δ᾽ ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ᾽ ὅτι (i.e. πάρειμι) I know it well, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+ —οἶσθ᾽ ὅ, οἶσθ᾽ ὡς, with _imperative_, are common in Trag. and Comedy texts, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; Refs 5th c.BC+; also οἶσθ᾽.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇ; Refs; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθ; Refs 5th c.BC+future, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Refs

Included with: γιγνώσκω, Doric dialect Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect, Ionic dialect, and after Refs 4th c.BC+ γινώσκω, but γιγνώσκω in early Attic dialect Inscrr., as Refs (κατα-), etc.: future γνώσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular γνωσεῖται Refs is falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+; Cretan dialect form ἀνα-γνώοντι uncertain in Refs: perfect ἔγνωκα Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 2 ἔγνων Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect dual γνώτην Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔγνον Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect also γνώω, γνώομεν Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive γνῶναι Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect γνώμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle γνούς Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, aorist 1 γνώσασθαι Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, future γνωσθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐγνώσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἔγνωσμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:— come to know, perceive, and in past tenses, know, with accusative, Refs 8th c.BC+; as distinct from οἶδα know by reflection, γιγνώσκω, = know by observation, γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή it is hard to perceive whether one knows or not, Refs 4th c.BC+; discern, distinguish, recognize, ὄφρ᾽ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα Refs 8th c.BC+; ironically, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται he will learn him to his cost,Refs 3rd c.BC+ were aware of.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 followed by relative clauses, γιγνώσκω δ᾽ ὡς.. I perceive that..,Refs 8th c.BC+; γ. ὅτι.. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἵν᾽ εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι.. Refs 8th c.BC+; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι.. Refsparticiple, ἔγνων μιν.. οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was.., Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, Refs 5th c.BC+ when he was aware of.., Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, recognize that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; take a thing to mean that.., Refs 5th c.BC+: with double accusative, perceive or know another to be.., οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Refs 5th c.BC+ the perceiver, opposed to τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα the objects perceived, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὁ γ. one who knows, a prudent person, Refs:—passive, εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ.. if it were known of them in what.., Refs __II form a judgement, think, ταὐτά Refs 5th c.BC+; ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν (={τὴν γνώμην λ}.) Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ see thou to that, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔγνως you are right, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔγνωκα; Latin tenes? Refs 4th c.BC+; judge, determine, decree that.., with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, determine to.., Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgement, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 passive, of persons, to be judged guilty, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 perfect passive with active sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are determined, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III know carnally, NT+4th c.BC+ __IV γ. χάριν, ={εἰδέναι χάριν}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B causal, make known, celebrate, γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον Refs 5th c.BC+, cf. Sanskrit jānāmi, jñātas, Latin gnosco, gnotus, etc.)

† יְדַע vb. know (v. BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. י׳ Dn 5:21; 6:11, 2 ms. יְדַ֫עְתָּ 5:22, 1 s. יִדְעֵת 4:6; Impf. 2 ms. תִּנְדַּע (K§ 11, 4. b) δ) Ezr 4:15 +, etc.; Imv. דַּע ms. (K§11, 3 α)) Dn 6:16; Pt. act. יָדַע 2:8 +; pl. יָֽדְעִין 5:23, etc.; pass. יְדִיעַ Ezr 4:12 +;—know, c. acc. rei Dn 2:30; 5:22, acc. rei om. Ezr 7:25; יָֽדְעֵי דָּתֵי א׳ v 25, יָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Dn 2:21; c. obj. cl. v 8, 9, 22; 4:6, 14, 23, 29; 5:21; 6:11, 16; Ezr 4:15, so (of God) Dn 4:22; pt. act. abs. 5:23 having capacity of knowledge; pass. in periphr. conjug., subj. cl. + ל pers. 3:18 Ezr 4:12, 13; 5:8. Haph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹדַע Dn 2:15 +, sf. הוֹדְעָךְ v 29, 2 ms. sf. הוֹדַעְתַּ֫נִי v 23, -תֶּ֑נָא v 23, 1 pl. הוֹדַ֫עְנָא Ezr 4:14; Impf. 3 ms. יְהוֹדַע Dn 2:25, sf. יְהוֹדְעִנַּ֑נִי 7:16, etc. (v. K§ 43 c); Inf. לְהוֹדָעָה 5:8, sf. לְהוֹדָעֻתַ֫נִי 4:15; 5:16, etc.; Pt. act. pl. מְהוֹדְעִין 4:4 +;—cause to know, inform: ל pers. Ezr 4:14, + acc. rei Dn 2:15, 17, 25, 30; 4:4; 5:8, 17, so (sf. pers.) 2:5, 9, 26; 4:3, 15; 5:15, 16; 7:16, and (subj. God) 2:23; ל pers. + obj. cl. Ezr 4:16; 7:24, so (of God) Dn 2:28, 29, 45, and (sf. pers.) v 23; acc. pers. only Ezr 5:10; 7:25.

ἐπιγιγνώσκω, Ionic dialect and laterἐπιγενν-γῑνώσκω, look upon, witness, observe, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II. recognize, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅπως μήτηρ σε μὴ 'πιγνώσεται φαιδρῷ προσώπῳ by thy glad face, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2. of things, find out, discover, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπιγνοίης ἂν αὐτὴν [τὴν σοφίαν].. οἰκείαν γενομένη; would you recognize when it became your own?, LXX+5th c.BC+passive, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2.b. find out too late, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3. learn to know, Refs 5th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry). __II.4. take notice of, LXX __II.4.b. show favour to, πρόσωπον LXX __III. come to a judgement, decide, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρόσφορα τοῖς Refs; ἐπιγνῶναι μηδέν come to no new resolve, Refs adjudicate it as his property, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV. recongnize, acknowledge, approve, NT+4th c.BC+. __IV.2. recognize an obligation, undertake to discharge or deliver, Refs 4th c.AD+

† I. [נָכַר] vb. (not Qal) regard, recognize (NH Hiph. know, be acquainted with; 𝔗 Aph. id.; Syriac Aph. ܐܰܟܰܪ id.; cf. also Arabic نَكِرَ in sense be shrewd, appar. rare, cf. نُكْرٌ cunning Lane 2850 a. v. p. 1125);— Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. לֹא נִכְּרוּ La 4:8 they are not recognized. Pi. Pf. לֹא נִכַּר שׁוֹעַ לִפְנֵי־דָ֑ל Jb 34:19 he regardeth not the opulent above the poor (‖ לֹא־נָשָׂא פְּנֵי שָׂרִים); Impf. לֹא תְנַכֵּ֑רוּ Jb 21:29 do ye not recognize their tokens. Hiph. Pf. הִכִּיר Dt 33:9; Dn 11:39 Kt; sf. הִכִּירוֹ Gn 27:23; 3 pl. הִכִּירוּ Ju 18:3 + 2 times, sf. הִכִּירֻהוּ Jb 2:12, הִכִּרֻהוּ Gn 42:8; Impf. יַכִּיר Dt 21:17 + 3 times + Dn 11:39 Qr; וַיַּכֵּר Gn 38:26 +; sf. וַיַּכִּרֵ֫הוּ 1 K 18:7, יַכִּירֶ֫נּוּ Jb 7:10, וַיַּכִּירָהּ Gn 37:33, etc.; Imv. הַֽכֶּר־ Gn 31:32 + 2 times; Inf. abs. הַכֵ��ֽר־ (Ginsb van d. H. הַֽכֶּר־) Pr 24:23; 28:21; cstr. sf. הַכִּירֵנִי Ru 2:10; Pt. מַכִּיר ψ 142:5, sf. מַכִּירֵךְ Ru 2:19, etc.;— 1. regard, observe, especially with a view to recognition, c. obj. cl., Gn 31:32; 37:32; 38:25; pay attention to, c. acc. pers. Ru 2:10, 19; acc. rei (of God) Jb 34:25; acc. rei om. 2 S 3:36; י׳ subj. כֵּן אַכִּיר … לְטוֹבָה Je 24:5 so will I regard the exiles … for good; Antiochus subj. Dn 11:39; הִכִּיר פָּנִים pay regard to (shew partiality, = נָשָׂא פְּנֵי פ׳) Dt 1:17; 16:19 (‖ הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט), Pr 24:23; 28:21. 2. Recognize (as formerly known) c. acc. pers. vel rei, Gn 27:23; 37:33; 38:26 (all J), 42:7, 8(×2) (E), 1 K 18:7; 20:41; Jb 2:12; proverb. בְּטֶרֶם יַכִּיר אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ Ru 3:14 before a man could recognize his fellow (i.e. before dawn); recognize voice (קוֹל), Ju 18:3; 1 S 26:17; = perceive the true situation, וָאַכִּירָה וְהִנֵּה Ne 6:12 and I perceived, and lo! God had not sent him. 3. Be willing to recognize, acknowledge Dt 21:17; 33:9; Is 63:16 (‖ יָדַע), ψ 142:5; acknowledge with honour Is 61:9. 4. Be acquainted with, לֹא יַכִּירֶנּוּ עוֹד מְקוֹמוֹ Jb 7:10 his place shall be acquainted with him no more (he shall be gone and forgotten), cf. ψ 103:16; c. acc. rei Jb 24:13, 17. 5. Distinguish, understand, הִכִּיר קוֹל … לְקוֹל Ezr 3:13 could not distinguish, etc.; cf. Jb 4:16 could not distinguish its appearance; הִכִּיר לְדַבֵּר Ne 13:24 understand how to speak, etc. Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר Pr 20:11 by his deeds a youth maketh himself known, whether his doing be pure, etc.

γνωρ-ίζω, future Attic dialect-ῐῶ: perfect ἐγνώρικα Refs 5th c.BC+:—make known, point out, NT+4th c.BC+:—in this sense mostly passive, become known, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative person, make known, τινά τινι Refs 1st c.AD+; commend, τινὰ τῇ βουλῇ ἰσχυρῶς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 certify a person's identity, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II gain knowledge of, become acquainted with, discover, with participle, τοὔργον ὡς οὐ γνωριοῖμί σου τόδε δόλῳ προσέρπον Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. περί τι or περί τινος Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 become acquainted with, τινά Refs 5th c.BC+ — passive, ἐγνωρισμένοι αὐτῷ being made acquainted with him, Refs; πρός τινος Refs 2nd c.AD+

μανθάνω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future μᾰθήσομαι Refs 6th c.BC+; Doric dialect μᾰθεῦμαι uncertain in Refs 3rd c.BC+: aorist ἔμᾰθον Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔμμαθον Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect μεμάθηκα Refs 6th c.BC+pluperfect ἐμεμαθήκηRefs; 3rd.pers. singular ἐμεμαθήκει Refs; 3rd.pers. plural μεμαθήκεσαν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, used by good writers only in present, as Refs 8th c.BC+aorist forms μάθον, ἔμμαθες, ἔμμαθε:—learn, especially by study (but also, by practice, Refs 4th c.BC+; by experience, Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλός Refs 8th c.BC+; ταλάντου τοῦτ᾽ ἔμαθεν for a talent, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ μανθάνοντες learners, pupils, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. τὰ Ὁμήρου ἔπη learn by heart, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. τί τινος learn from.., Refs 5th c.BC+ Thgn.[same place]; μ. καθ᾽ Ὅμηρον Xenoph.[same place]; τι ἔκ τινος Refs 5th c.BC+; παρά τινος ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὶν μάθοιμ᾽ εἰ.. Refs: with infinitive, learn to.., or how to.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __II acquire a habit of, and in past tenses, to be accustomed to.., with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μεμαθηκός that which is usual, πρότερον ἢ ὕστερον τοῦ μ. Refs; ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσι acquire a habit of idleness, NT __III perceive, remark, notice, τὸ πλῆθος Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 frequently with participle, μ. τὴν νέα ἐμβαλοῦσαν Refs 5th c.BC+; μάνθανε ὤν know that you are, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 with ὅτι, Refs 5th c.BC+; with ὡς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV understand Refs 5th c.BC+ if you take me, Refs 5th c.BC+; d'ye see? Answ., πάνυ μανθάνω perfectly! Refs 5th c.BC+ __V τί μαθών..; frequently in questions, literal under what persuasion, with what idea? hence ironically for why on earth? τί δὴ μ. φαίνεις ἄνευ θρυαλλίδο; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί τοῦτο μ. προσέγραψε; Refs 4th c.BC+ (sometimes with variant{τί παθών}; what possessed you to.. ? compare πάσχω); imitated in later Greek, Refs 2nd c.AD+; also indirectly, because (with a sense of disapprobation), ὅ τι μαθόντες τοὺς ξένους μὲν λέγετε ποιητὰς σοφούς Refs 5th c.BC+: even with neuter subject, ὅμως δ᾽ ἂν κακὰ ἦν, ὅ τι μαθόντα χαίρειν ποιεῖ Refs

γνωστός, ή, όν, collateral form of γνωτός (which see), known, Refs 5th c.BC+; γνωστόν, τό, common knowledge, τινός Refs 4th c.AD+ adverb -τῶς clearly, LXX __2 knowable, Refs 4th c.BC+; γνωστὰ σαρκός bodily symptoms (of anger), Refs 1st c.BC+ __II plural, as substantive, ={γνώριμοι}, notables, LXX+2nd c.AD+; acquaintance, friend, NT __III active, knowing, uncertain in LXX+1st c.AD+

ἐπίστᾰμαι, 2 person -ασαιRefs 6th c.BC+, contraction ἐπίστω Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive Ionic dialect ἐπιστέωμαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Attic dialect ἐπίστωμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἠπιστάμην Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἠπιστέατο or ἐπιστέατο Refs: future ἐπιστήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἠπιστήθην Refs 5th c.BC+ __I. know how to do, be able to do, capable of doing, c.infinitive, οὐδέ οἱ ὀστέ᾽ ἐπιστήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ ἀλλέξαι Refs 8th c.BC+; and of artistic skill, ὃς χερσὶν ἐπίστατο δαίδαλα πάντα τεύχειν Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently in Trag. and Attic dialect, οὔπω σωφρονεῖν ἐπίστασαι Refs 5th c.BC+; κιθαρίζειν οὐκ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, σῷζ ὅπως ἐπίστασαι as best you can, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2. to be assured, feel sure that.., τοῦτον ἐπίστανται πλεῖστα εἰδέναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II. with accusative, understand a matter, know, be versed in or acquainted with, πολλὰ δ᾽ ἐπίστατο ἔργα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔγωγε γράμματ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μὴ ἐ. γράμματα illiteracy, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἐ. ἱερατικὰ καὶ Αἰγύπτια γράμματα Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐ. μύθους τοὺς Αἰσώπου know them by heart, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, Συριστὶ ἐ. know Syrian, Refs 5th c.BC+; with accusative and infinitive conjoined, Refs 4th c.BC+; with infinitive to explanation the accusative, ἔργον δὲ μοῦνον ἐσθίειν ἐ. Refs 7th c.BC+ __II.2. after Refs 8th c.BC+, know as a fact, know for certain, ἐπισταμένοισι εὖ οὐκ ἄν τις λέγοι Refs 5th c.BC+; used convertibly with εἰδέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; even χάριν ἐ., ={χάριν εἰδέναι}, Refs 4th c.AD+ being confined to scientific knowledge (ἐπιστήμη), διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι τὸ ἐπίστασθαι ἐδίωκον Refs 4th c.BC+. Hdt.[same place]; σαφῶς ἐ. Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅτι.., or ἐ. τοῦτο, ὅτι.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3. rarely, know a person, Ἀρίγνωτον γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκω καὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἐ. NT; but ὁ παῖς τοὺς τεκόντας οὐκ ἐ. does not know who they are, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III. with participle, in Prose and Trag., know that one is, has, etc., εὖ ἐ. αὐτὸς σχήσων Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὡς ὧδ᾽ ἐχόντων τῶνδ᾽ ἐ. σε χρή Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς φανέν γε τοὔπος ὧδ᾽ ἐ. Refs 1st c.AD+: c.accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV. present participle ἐπιστάμενος, η, ον, frequently as adjective, knowing, understanding, skilful, ἀνδρὸς ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; καὶ μάλ᾽ ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; even of a dancer's feet, θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+ skilled, versed in them, Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.2. adverb ἐπιστᾰμένως skilfully, expertly,Refs 8th c.BC+; εὖ καὶ ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; also in Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.infinitive, with knowledge how to.., Refs 4th c.BC+, attend, observe, it is probably that ἐπίσταμαι is merely an old middle form of ἐφίστημι,Refs 4th c.BC+

† [נכר] vb.denom. act or treat as foreign, or strange; disguise, misconstrue;— Niph. Impf. יִנָּכֵר Pr 26:24 with his lips a hater disguiseth himself (dissembles, speaks what is foreign to his thought). Pi. Pf. נִכַּר 1 S 23:7, but v. infr.; Impf. וַיְנַכְּרוּ Je 19:4 and they have treated this place as foreign (profane); יְנַכְּרוּ צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27 lest their adversaries should misconstrue (it).—נִכַּר אֹתוֹ א׳ בְּיָדִי 1 S 23:7 God hath alienated him into my hand, but improbable; 𝔊 מָכַר (cf. Ju 4:9) hath sold him, so Th Klo HPS (cf. We); סִכַּר (as Is 19:4) Krochm Dr; Kit either of these; > סִגַּר Bu; Löhr either סִגַּר or סִכַּר. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם Gn 42:7 he acted as a stranger toward them; Pt. f. מִתְנַכֵּרָ֑ה 1 K 14:5, 6 feign to be a stranger-woman.

πρό-γνωσις, εως, ἡ, foreknowledge, LXX+NT __II perceiving beforehand, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.b in Medicine texts, prognosis of diseases, Κῳακαὶ π. title of work by Refs 5th c.BC+; title of work by Democritus. __III prediction, Refs 1st c.BC+

ἄγνωστος, ον, unknown, τινίRefs 8th c.BC+; unheard of, forgotten,Refs 5th c.BC+; unfamiliar, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 not to be known, ἄγνωστόν τινα τεύχεινRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀγνωστστατοι γλῶσσαν most unintelligible in tongue, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 not an object of knowledge, unknowable, ἄλογα καὶ ἄ.Refs 5th c.BC+; in comparative, harder to know, Refsadverb -τωςRefs 5th c.AD+ __4 as the name of a divinity at Athens, νὴ τὸν Ἄγνωστον Ps.-NT+2nd c.AD+ __II active, notknowing, ignorant of, ψευδέωνRefs 5th c.BC+adverb -τως inconsiderately, Refs 1st c.BC+

ἀγράμμ-ᾰτος, ον, illiterate, Refs 5th c.BC+; unable to read or write, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -τωςRefs 1st c.AD+ __II ={ἄγραπτος},{ἔθη} Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of animals, unable to utter articulate sounds, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 of sounds, inarticulate, Refs 3rd c.AD+; incapable of being written, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ᾠδὴ ἀ. song without words, Refs 1st c.BC+

ἀναγνωρ-ίζω, recognize, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle,Refs 2nd c.AD+: passive, LXX __2 in a tragedy, recognize or come to the knowledge of a person or thing, so as to produce a dénouement, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2.b reveal oneself, make oneself known, Refs __2.c causal, cause to recognize, reveal oneself to, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 recognize a rule in a new instance, Refs 4th c.BC+

γνώστ-ης, ου, ὁ, one that knows, τῶν ἐθῶν NT+3rd c.AD+: especiallyone who knows the future, diviner, LXX __II ={γνωστήρ}, surety, γ. τῆς πίστεως Refs 1st c.AD+; expert witness or valuer, Refs 1st c.AD+

μῠέω, (μύω, which see) initiate into the mysteries, μυῶν.. ἄλλους ξένους Refs 5th c.BC+:—more frequently in passive, to be initiated, ὁ βουλόμενος μυεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ μεμυημένοιRefs 5th c.BC+; μυηθῆναι ἀφ᾽ ἑστίας, see at {ἑστί; τοῦ ἀφ᾽ ἑστίας μυουμένου} probably in Refs 1st c.AD+; θεοπρόποι ἦλθον.., οἵτινες μυηθέντες ἐνεβάτευσαν Refs 2nd c.AD+: with accusative cognate, to be initiated in a thing, τὰ μυστήρια μυεῦνται Refs 1st c.AD+; ὅστις τὰ Καβείρων ὄργια μεμύηται in the mysteries of the Cabiri, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ μεγάλα (i.e. μυστήρια) μεμύησαι, πρὶν τὰ σμικρά Refs 5th c.BC+ __II generally, teach, instruct, with infinitive, ἐμύησάς τινα ἰδεῖν Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, μεμύημαι καὶ χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν NT+4th c.AD+