Conjunctions and Contrast

I. כִּי conj. that, for, when (Moab. id.: Ph. כ. Prob. from the same demonstr. basis found in ܟܳܐ here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultim. akin with كَىْ that, in order that, and ܟܰܝ then, enclit., like Lat. nam in quisnam?)— 1. that (ὅτι, Germ. dass): a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accus.: so constantly, after vbs. of seeing, as Gn 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, 3:6; 6:2, 5; 12:14 + often, hearing 14:14; 29:33, knowing 22:12; 24:14, telling 3:11; 12:18, repenting 6:6, 7, swearing Gn 22:16 Je 22:5, believing Ex 4:5 La 4:12, remembering ψ 78:35, forgetting Jb 39:15; אָמַר = command (late; in early Heb. the words said are quoted) Jb 36:10, 24) זְכֹר in a command) 37:20b 1 Ch 21:18 (contrast 2 S 24:18) etc.; טוֹב כּי it is good that … 2 S 18:3 + (v. p. 374b: usually the inf. c., as Gn 2:18; v. ibid.); Gn 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (impf.) …? Mal 3:14 what profit כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (pf.) …? Jb 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that …? after a pron., as ψ 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, 42:5 these things will I remember … that (or how) I used to go, etc., 56:10 this I know that god is for me, Jb 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleon. after an intervening clause 2 S 19:7 Je 26:15 +; כִּי … וְכִי Gn 3:6; 29:12 Ex 4:31 Jos 2:9; 8:21; 10:1 1 S 31:7 2 S 5:12 1 K 11:21 Je 40:7, 11; לֵאמֹר … וְכִי Gn 45:26 Ju 10:10. b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like ܕ, أَنْ, and the Gk. ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gn 21:30; 29:33 and she said, כִּי שׁמע י׳ Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Ex 3:12 = Ju 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2:24 1 S 2:16 (v. Dr) 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 S 11:23 1 K 1:13; 20:5 Ru 1:10, cf. 2:21 (but in reply to a qu. כִּי may = because, v. sub 3; and so also in sentences giving the expl. of a proper name, Gn 26:22; 29:32 (but De surely: v. infr.), Ex 2:10 (cf. Gn 4:25; 41:51, 52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 S 29:8 1 K 11:22 2 K 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed ‘Why do you say this?’). c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, חַי י׳ etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gn 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but through Heb. usage prob. gave it an asseverative force, Engl. idiom does not require it to be expressed: Nu 14:22 1 S 20:3 as י׳ liveth, כִּי כִפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 26:16; 29:6 Is 49:18 +; 1 S 14:44 כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 S 3:35 1 K 2:23 Ru 1:17 al.—Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gn 22:16f. 1 S 14:39 כִּי מוֹת יָמוּת (אִם־יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּיוֹנָתָן בְּנִי) חַי י׳ כִּי 25:34 2 S 2:27 כִּי אָז וג׳ (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 3:9; 15:21 Qr 1 K 1:30 Je 22:24. d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (v. אַף); †הֲכִי is it that …? (as a neutral interrrog.) 2 S 9:1, (expecting a neg. answer) Gn 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Jb 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gn 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 S 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (wh. would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read prob. with the ‖ 1 Ch 11:25 הִנּוֹ behold, he, etc.; †אִם־לֹא כִּי Dt 32:30 were it not that …; †אָמְנָם כִּי Jb 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; †אַךְ כִּי 1 S 8:9; אֶפֶס כִּי Nu 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי †Ru 2:21; †הֲלֹא כִי 1 S 10:1 (but v. 𝔊 Dr), 2 S 13:28; †הִנֵּה כִי ψ 128:4; cf. ψ 118:10–12 בְּשֵׁם י׳ כִּי אֲמִילַֽם in the name of י׳ (is it) that—or (I say) that—I will mow them down; Jb 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֹ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Is 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? … וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (‖ 2 K 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v 35; 2 Ch 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the orig. וְכִי). 1 Ch 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי. (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then …, Gn 31:42; 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Nu 22:23 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 S 14:30 𝔊 (after לוּא), and 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Jb 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gn 29:32 Jb 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Ex 9:15 Nu 22:29 Jb 3:13; 6:3 +). It is dub. whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 S 2:27; 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitat. preceding (vid. a, c). Rare otherwise: Ex 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִם־צָעֹק יִצְעַק ’tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Is 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאָמֵֽנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established. e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emph., yea, surely, certainly (Germ. ja—a lighter particle than these Engl. words): see in EVV Gn 22:17 Ex 18:11 Nu 23:23 1 S 17:25; 20:26 2 K 23:22 Is 32:13; 60:9 Je 22:22; 31:19 Ho 6:9; 8:6; 9:12; 10:3 Am 3:7 ψ 76:11; 77:12 (Ew Che), Pr 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ec 4:16; 7:7, 20 Jb 28:1 +; La 3:22 (𝔖 𝔗 Ew Th Öt) the mercies of י׳, surely they are not consumed (read prob. תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ru 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De Pr 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. f. that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: sq. perf., Gn 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought on me? 1 S 17:26; 22:8 Is 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? v 16 36:5; 52:5 Mic 4:9 Hb 2:18; sq. ptcp. Ju 14:3 1 S 20:1 1 K 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 K 5:7 Ez 24:19; usually sq. impf. Ex 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 16:7 Ju 8:6; 9:28; 2 K 8:13 Is 7:13; 29:16 (also pf.), ψ 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Jb 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָקֽ ׃ that I should suck? 6:11 מַה־כֹּחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, 7:12, 17; 10:5f.; 13:25f; 15:12f. 14; 16:3; 21:15 +; after a neg., Gn 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, ψ 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Is 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Ho 1:6 (v. RV), Jb 41:2 Ru 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתָּי that I should have said, etc. (cf. Ew§337a; Dr§ 39 δ). g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. …, as יַעַן כִּי because that …: v. sub יַעַן" dir="rtl" >יַעַן, עַד³" dir="rtl" >עַד, עַל" dir="rtl" >עַל, עֵ֫קֶב" dir="rtl" >עֵקֶב, תַּ֫חַת²" dir="rtl" >תַּחַת. 2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gn 6:1 (cf. BuUrg. 6), 26:8; 27:1 2 S 6:13; 7:1; 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר, and especially כְּ c. inf., are more freq.); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1 S 1:12; 17:48; Jos 22:7 Ju 2:18; 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (freq.) they said, Je 44:19 (ptcp.), Ho 11:1 ψ 32:3 כי החרשׁתר when I was silent, Jb 31:21, 26, 29; of present (usually with impf.) as Ex 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1 S 24:20 Is 1:12; 30:21 Je 14:12 Zc 7:5, 6 Mal 1:8 ψ 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, 102:1; 127:5 +, with pf. Ez 3:19–21; 33:9 Pr 11:15; 23:22; especially of future, as Gn 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 24:41; 30:33; 31:49; 32:18 Ex 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Dt 4:25; 6:20 +; in phrase (תֹּאמַר וג׳) וְכִי תֹּאמְרוּ Lv 25:20 Dt 18:21 Is 8:19; 36:7 Je 13:22; and especially in וְהָיָה כִּי … Gn 12:12; 46:33 Dt 6:10; 15:16 1 S 10:7; 25:30 Is 8:21; 10:12 + often; with pf. Is 16:12 1 Ch 17:11 (altered from impf. 2 S 7:12); with ptcp. (unusual) Nu 33:51; 34:2 Dt 11:31; 18:9. b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם:—(mostly with impf.) Gn 38:16 Nu 5:10; 10:32 Dt 6:25; 7:17; 28:2, 13 1 S 20:13 2 S 19:8 2 K 4:29; 18:22 Je 38:15 Pr 4:8 Jb 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), 19:28; often in laws, as Ex 21:14, 33, 35, 37; 22:4, 5 etc., Dt 13:13; 14:24; 15:7, 12; 17:2; 18:6, 21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Ex 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v 3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 21:7 (כי), v 8–11 (אם); v 18 (כי), v 19 (אם); v 20 (כי), v 21 (אם); v 22 f. 28–32; Lv 1:2 (כי), v 3, 10 (אם) 4:2, 3, 13, 27, 32; 13:2 ff. Nu 30:3 ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Ex 21:5 with Dt 15:16; Nu 5:19 and v 20.—N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emph.: 1 K 8:37 רָעָב כִּי־יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג׳, Is 28:18 Mi 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּי־יָבֹא בְאַרְצֵנוּ, ψ 62:11 Ez 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), 14:9, 13; 18:5, 18, 21; 33:6 (cf. v 2); and especially in laws of P, as אָדָם כִּי … Lv 1:2; 13:2, נֶפֶשׁ כִּי … 2:1; 4:2; 5:1, 4, 15, similiarly 15:2, 16, 19, 25; 22:12, 13, 14 etc., rather differently Nu 5:20. c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though:—(a) with impf. Je 4:30(×3); 14:12; 49:16 כִּי־תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, 51:53 Ho 13:15 Zc 8:6 ψ 37:24; 49:19 f. though in his lifetime he bless himself … he shall come, etc., perhaps also Je 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Is 1:15 ψ 23:4 (cf. Dr§ 143); (b) with perf. (rare) Mi 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Na 1:10 (si vera l.), ψ 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), 119:83 (Ew De). 3. Because, since (ὅτι)— a. Gn 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v 17 18:20 the cry of S. and G.—because it is great … (subj. prefixed for emph.: cf. 2 N.B.) Is 28:15; in answer to a qu., Gn 27:20 Ex 1:19; 18:15 2 S 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a fut. action is conceived as possible (Germ. indem) Lv 22:9 Dt 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, 12:20 (v.Dr), v 25, 28; 13:19; 14:24; 16:15; 19:6, 9 +, 1 K 8:35 (cf. v 33 אֲשֶׁר), v 36 כִּי תוֹרֵם, Pr 4:8b. b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gn 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת וג׳ because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gn 2:5, 23; 3:20; 5:24; 6:7; 12, 13 ψ 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, 10:14; 25:16; 27:10 + very often Spec. after vbs. expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Is 14:29 ψ 58:11, being angry Gn 31:35; 45:5, fearing 43:18 ψ 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 K 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 times); Pr 30:4 Jb 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subj. prefixed ψ 128:2. Repeated (with anacol.) Is 49:19. c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Is 3:8a Jb 6:21 (ground of the comparison v 15–20), 14:16 (For …: ground of the wishes expressed v 13–15), 16:22 (ground of v 20 f.) 30:26 (For …), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Jb 5:6 (reason why complaining v 2–5 is foolish), 15:34; 23:14; sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars wh. establish or exemplify it 2 S 23:5a Is 1:30; 5:7; 7:8; 9:4; 10:8–11; 13:10 (development of v 9a), 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed v 5); Jb 11:16 ff. (explic. of v 15b), 18:8 ff. (justifying v 7), 22:26 ff. (justifying v 25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Is 2:6 (reason why invitation v 5 is needed), 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation v 9), 18:5; 28:8 (proof of the intoxication v 7), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation v 6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Jb 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the v. which immed. precedes or follows, but to several, as Is 7:16 f. (v 17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare v 15), 21:6 ff. (ground of the statements v1–5), Jb 4:5 (ground of v 2), 14:7–12 (v 10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in v 6), 23:10–13 (ground why God cannot be found v 8 f.), ψ 73:21 (ground not of v 20, but of general train of thought v 2–14); so also Gn 4:24 Dt 18:14 Is 12:1 Je 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immed. after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a partic. word, Is 28:20 (justifying ‘nought but terror’ v 19), Jb 23:17 (God’s hostility v 16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poet. or rhet. style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a qu.; Is 28:11 (the mockeries of v 10 have a meaning) ‘for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,’ who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (v 13); = (no,) for Is 28:28 (see RVm), Jb 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18; 39:14 (see v 13b), ψ 44:24 (he cannot do this, v 23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Is 49:25 (see the qu. v 24), 66:8. d. כִּי … כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gn 3:19; 26:7; 43:32; 47:20 Ex 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Is 2:6(×2); 3:8(×2); 6:5a, b; 10:22f. Jb 6:3f.; 8:8, 9(×2); 24:17(×2); 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Ex 23:21, 22 Is 6:5b, c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips …, because mine eyes have seen י׳ of hosts, 15:5(×2), 6(×2), 8, 9 Zp 3:8f. Jb 15:25, 27; 20:19f.; 31:11f. But כִּי … וְכִי also occurs, Gn 33:11 Nu 5:20 (if), Jo 1:15 Ju 6:30 1 S 19:4; 22:17 1 K 2:26 Is 65:16 +. e. after a neg. כִּי for becomes = but (Germ. sondern): Gn 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 24:3f.; 45:8 Ex 1:19; 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, כי על־י׳ for (they are) agst. י׳ = but agst. י׳, Dt 21:17 1 S 6:3 (אַל), 27:1 (v. Dr), 1 K 21:15 Is 10:7; 28:27; 29:23; 30:5 ψ 44:8; 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gn 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 19:2; 42:12 Jos 5:14 1 S 2:16 MSS 𝔊 (v. Dr), 12:12 2 S 16:18; 24:24 1 K 2:30; 3:22; 11:22 Is 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses. Note. —כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different expl. is tenable. Authorities especially read the Heb. differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Is 8:23 Ges Ew§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking v 22 as RVm); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (expl. of טוֹב): Ez 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because.—In Ex 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it prob. that כִּי is for (Dr§ 153). Jb 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi: When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc.

δέ, but: adversative and copulative Particle, __I answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην Refs 5th c.BC+ __II without preceding μέν, __II.1 adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπαςRefs 5th c.BC+; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 copulative, __II.2.a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) Refs 8th c.BC+: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν Refs __II.2.b in enumerations or transitions, Refs 8th c.BC+; with repetition of a word in different relations, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Refs 8th c.BC+; in rhetorical outbursts, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. Refs 4th c.BC+; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ nay even beast, Refs 5th c.BC+; in the combination καὶ δέ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2.c answering to τε (which see), ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.4 in questions, with implied opposition, ἑόρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4.b τί δ; what then? to mark a transition in dialogue; see at {τίς}. __II in apodosi: __II.1 after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1.b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; with demonstrative Pronouns or adverbs answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν Refs 8th c.BC+: sometimes after a participle, οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ᾽ ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 to resume after an interruption or parenthesis, χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. Refs 5th c.BC+; with an anacoluthon, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 to begin a story, ἦμος δ᾽ ἠέλιος.. well, when the sun.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.4 to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, (see entry). __B POSITION of δέ. It usually stands second: hence frequently between Article and substantive or preposition and case; but also after substantive, or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third, γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ᾽ ἐν δόμοις εὕροι Refs 5th c.BC+; so in Prose after a negative, οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, Refs 5th c.BC+

ὅτῐ, Epic dialect ὅττῐ (both in Refs 8th c.BC+: conjunction, to introduce an objective clause, that, after Verbs of seeing or knowing, thinking or saying; in Refs 8th c.BC+ —Usage: __I when ὅτι introduces a statement of fact: __I.a in Refs 8th c.BC+ always with indicative, the tense following the same rules as in English, ἤγγειλ᾽ ὅττι ῥά οἱ πόσις ἔκτοθι μίμνε πυλάων Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.b in Attic dialect, ὅτι takes indicative after primary tenses, indicative or optative after secondary tenses, e.g. ἐνδείκνυμαι ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι σοφός Refs 5th c.BC+ news came that Megara had (literal has) revolted, Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes optative and indicative are found in the same sentence, ἔλεγον, ὅτι Κῦρος μὲν τέθνηκεν, Ἀριαῖος δὲ πεφευγὼς.. εἴη Refs 5th c.BC+.. and the accusative with infinitive are found together, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 when ὅτι introduces a conditional sentence, the Constr. after ὅτι is the same as in independent conditional sentences, εἴ τις ἔροιτο, καθ᾽ ὁποίους νόμους δεῖ πολιτεύεσθαι, δῆλον ὅτι ἀποκρίναισθ᾽ ἄν.. it is manifest that you would answer.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ὅτι is frequently inserted pleonastic in introducing a quotation (where we use no conjunction and put inverted commas), λόγον τόνδε ἐκφαίνει ὁ Πρωτεύς, λέγων ὅτι ἐγὼ εἰ μὴ περὶ πολλοῦ ἡγεύμην.. Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπον, ὅ. ἡ αὐτή μοι ἀρχή ἐστι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; even where the quotation consists of one word,Refs __II.2 ὅ. is also used pleonastic with the infinitive and accusative Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὅτι has frequently been wrongly inserted by the copyists, as if εἶπεν or λέγουσιν must be followed by it, as in Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ὅτι in Attic dialect frequently represents a whole sentence, especially in affirmative answers, οὐκοῦν.. τὸ ἀδικεῖν κάκιον ἂν εἴη τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθαι. Answ. δῆλον δὴ ὅτι (i.e. ὅτι κάκιον ἂν εἴη, or ὅτι ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει) Refs 5th c.BC+; compare οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb __III.2 what we make the subject of the Verb which follows ὅτι frequently stands in the preceding clause, Αυκάονας δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ εἴδομεν, ὅτι.. καρποῦνται (for εἴδομεν, ὅτι Λυκάονες καρποῦνται) Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV ὅτι sometimes = with regard to the fact that, ὅτι.. οὔ φησι.. ὄνομα εἶναι, ὑποπτεύω αὐτὸν σκώπτειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __V οὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.., οὐχ ὅ. ὁ Κρίτων ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ ἦν, ἀλλὰ οἱ φίλοι αὐτοῦ not only Refs 1st c.AD+.., but his friends, Refs 5th c.BC+ not only the powers in Europe, but.., Refs 5th c.BC+., not followed by a second clause, means although, οὐχ ὅ. παίζει καί φησι Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.2 for ὅτι μή, see at {ὅ τι} 11. __B as a causal Particle, for that, because, generally after Verbs of feeling, Refs 8th c.BC+: but without such a Verb, ὃν περὶ πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης, ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.b followed by τί, ὅτι τ; why? (literal because why?) Refs 4th c.BC+; ὅτι τί δ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅτι δὴ τί μάλιστ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅτι δὴ τί γ; Refs; compare ὁτιή. __B.2 seeing that, in giving the reason for saying what is said, γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα.. ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής as is proved by the fact that.., Refs 8th c.BC+ (ὅ τ᾽) probably always represents ὅτε (ὅ τε): there are no examples of ὅττ᾽: hiatus after ὅτι is permitted in Comedy texts, Refs 5th c.BC+

γάρ (γε, ἄρα), causal conjunction, used alone or with other Particles. __I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for, τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; but frequently in explanation of that which is implied in the preceding clause, πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον Refs __I.b in simple explanations, especially after a Pronoun or demonstrative adjective, ἀλλὰ τόδ᾽ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει Refs 8th c.BC+; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ... Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης.. Refs 5th c.BC+; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι.. Refs 4th c.BC+; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ... Refs 5th c.BC+; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ... Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.. , οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστ;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, Refs; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ᾽ εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: Refs __I.2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as, Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος (χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. (ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.), ποίει ὅκως.. Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖ; Refs 5th c.BC+; the principal proposition is sometimes __I.2.b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ (κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι) εἶπε Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ᾽ εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.d repeated, οὐ γ. οὖν σιγήσομαι· ἔτικτε γ... Refs __I.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied, __I.3.a frequently in Trag. dialogue and Refs 5th c.BC+, when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ᾽ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾽ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμου;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινό; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ..; [why,] could there be.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+ [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., see belowRefs __I.3.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, Refs 5th c.BC+: after an Exclamation, ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (i.e. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) Refs 5th c.BC+; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; why who hath sent thee? Refs 8th c.BC+; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμο; what, wilt thou.. ? Refs 4th c.BC+..; what, was it.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Refs; τί γ. δή ποτ; Refs 4th c.BC+; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. ο;, see at {πῶς}. __I.5 to strengthen a wish, with optative, κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! Refs 5th c.BC+; compare αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς. __II joined with other Particles: __II.1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ᾽ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ.. but [far otherwise], for.., Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ᾽ αἵδ᾽ ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γ. σ᾽ ἐθέλω.. but [look out] for.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, Refs 8th c.BC+; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 γ. νυ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, Refs 8th c.BC+; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare τοιγαροῦν. __II.6 γ. που for I suppose, especially with negatives, Refs __II.7 γ. ῥα, ={γὰρ ἄρα}, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.8 γ. τε, Refs; also τε γ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.9 γ. τοι for surely.., Refs 8th c.BC+; compare τοιγάρτοι. __B POSITION: γάρ properly stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it frequently stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ.. Refs; τό τ᾽ εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ.. Refs; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ.. Refs 4th c.BC+: sometimes for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third Refs 5th c.BC+; in later Comedy texts fifth Refs 4th c.BC+; once sixth in Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 inserted before the demonstrative -ί, as νυνγαρί for νυνὶ γά; compare νυνί. __C QUANTITY: γάρ is sometimes long in Refs 8th c.BC+.—In Attic dialect always short: Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀλλά, conjunction, originally neuter plural of ἄλλος, otheruise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ: __I in simple oppositions, but, __I.1 after negative clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθόςRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.1.b after a simple negative, ἦ παραφρονεῖ; οὔκ, ἀλλ᾽ ὕπνος μ᾽ ἔχειRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.1.c frequently after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκιςRefs 5th c.BC+, either, not only.. but.., μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέαRefs 5th c.BC+; or, not only not.. but.., οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. περιόψεσθεRefs 5th c.BC+; the negative form is ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ δίκην εἴρηκαRefs 4th c.BC+ __I.2 in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, still, at least, εἴπερ γάρ τε.. ἀλλά τεRefs 8th c.BC+; εἰ μή (i.e. ὁρῶ), ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούω γε, Refs 5th c.BC+ may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμίNT+8th c.BC+; εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι.. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2.b after Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γ᾽ ἔτι, i.e.ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε.. if then now at least ye still.., Refs 5th c.BC+:—without an adverb of Time, at least, ἡ δ᾽ ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνονRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 sometimes = ἀλλ᾽ ἤ (which see), except, but, οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ... τοκῆε no one else, but.., Refs 8th c.BC+: compare reverse process in our word but=be out, except:—sometimes with force of ἤ after comparatives, τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ. not that in which they are lying, but far more.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 with negative after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by not, ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιονRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.4.b without negative, μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀ. μαχητήςRefs 8th c.BC+ __II to oppose whole sentences,but, yet: __II.1 frequently in transitions, as Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. οὐδ᾽ ὥς.. Refs 8th c.BC+ in answers and objections, nay but.., well but.., frequently with negatives, especially in making and answering objections, Refs 5th c.BC+; also in affirmative answers, Refs 5th c.BC+:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι..; ἀ. ἀπῄτου; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενο; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. μήν.., answered by ἀ.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 with imperative or subjunctive, to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; answered by a second ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμενRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 to break off a subject abruptly, ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδενRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγει; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 in resuming an address after parenthesis, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 in elliptical phrases, οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ... it is not [so], but.., ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος it did not however [throw him], but.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as, __III.1 ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα, used by Refs 8th c.BC+; later, to introduce an objection, Refs 5th c.BC+; in questions,ἀλλ᾽ ἆρα..; Refs __III.2 ἀλλ᾽ οὖν, concessive, at all events, Refs 5th c.BC+; well then, Refs 5th c.BC+; but then, however, with γε following, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 ἀλλὰ γάρ, frequently with words between, but really, certainly, as ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω.., παύσω γόους, but this is irregular for ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους, Refs 5th c.BC+; for the regular orderRefs 8th c.BC+ only with negatives, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 ἀ. εἰ.. quid si.. ? Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.5 ἀ. ἦ in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.6 ἀ. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖταιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλά τοιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. μέντοι, with or without γε, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. μήν, see at {μή; ἀ. δή}, mostly with words between, Refs 5th c.BC+; without intervening words, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV = et quidem, Refs 6th c.AD+

† כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when (cf. for the combin. Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּר)— 1. according to that which, according as, as: a. Gn 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, 44:1 Ex 8:23 Nu 22:8 1 S 2:16; Gn 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so כ׳ בראשׁונה Jos 8:5, 6 2 S 7:10; Ex 5:13 כאשׁר בהיות התבן: Gn 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, v 16 8:21; 12:4; 17:23; 21:1(×2) Ex 16:24; 39:1, 5, 7 Nu 3:16, 42 etc.; כאשׁר דבר י׳ Dt 1:21; 2:1; 6:3, 19 + often Dt. b. answered, for increased emph., by כֵּן (cf. כְּ 2 d), Gn 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Ex 7:10, 20; Gn 18:5 (J) כן תעשׂה כאשׁר דברת, Ex 10:10 (iron.), Am 5:14 (do.); in opp. order, Ju 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי כן שׁלם לי, Ex 7:6 כאשׁר צוה י׳ כן עשׂו, cf. 12:28, 50; 39:43 Nu 5:4; 17:26; 36:10 (all P); with impf. (freq.) Nu 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more … the more, Ex 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, cf. 17:11 (JE) והיה כאשׁר ירים … וגבר ישׁר׳ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Nu 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Dt 28:63 (Je 31:28), 1 K 1:30 Is 10:11; 14:24; 52:14 f. + (v. כֵּן 2 b). c. answered by וַ· (Dr§ 127 γ) †Ex 16:34 Nu 1:19. d. often in similes (sq. impf. of habit) Ex 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Nu 11:12 Dt 1:44 Is 9:2; 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Is 31:4; 55:10; 66:22 Am 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the pf. with וְ consec. (Dr§115) Dt 22:26 Is 29:8 כאשׁר יחלם … והקיץ, 65:8 Am 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (cf. כְּ הָיָה) to be as if, Jb 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zc 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים. 2. with a causal force, in so far as, since (Germ. demgemäss dass), Gn 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Nu 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פ׳ inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Ju 6:27 1 S 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2 K 17:26 Mi 3:4. 3. with a temporal force, when, Gn 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., 32:3, 32 1 S 8:6 2 S 12:21 +; answered by וַ· (Dr§ 127 β), 1 S 6:6; 12:8; ויהי כאשׁר … and it came to pass, when … Gn 12:11; 20:13; 24:22, 52; 27:30 Ex 32:19 + often; Gn 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Est 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Jos 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a ‘conflate’ reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gn 27:40; 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Ho 7:12 Ec 4:17; 5:3, and without a verb Is 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים.—Mi 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Jb 29:25 as one who.

תַּ֫חַת n.[m.] the under part (Arabic تَحْتٌ id.), hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic تَحْتَ, Sab. תחת, Ethiopic ታሕት: Ph. תחת (Lzb385); Biblical Aramaic 𝔗 תְּחוֹת, Palm. in מן לתחת Tariff 1:4 (Cooke 320), Syriac ܬܚܽܘܬ );— I. as adv. accus. †Gn 49:25 (= Dt 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת lit. off (מִן 1 c) the under part = beneath, †Ex 20:4 (= Dt 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Dt 4:39; Jos 2:11; 1 K 8:23 [both D2], Is 51:6), Dt 33:27; Ju 7:8; Am 2:9; Is 14:9; Jb 18:16;Ez 47:1b. II. as prep.; so cstr., and with sf. (usually in the pl., and so lit. in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hb 3:16 +, תַּחְתֵּנִי (cf. בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֹדֶנִּי: Ges§ 103 d) †2 S 22:37, 40, 48 (ψ 18:37, 40, 48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֹ †2 S 2:23; 3:12; 16:8 Jb 9:13), תַּחְתֶּיהָ Lv 13:23 + 16 times, תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (cf. אֵינֶנַּה, עוֹדֶנָּה) †Gn 2:21; תַּחְתֵּינוּ †1 S 14:9 ψ 47:4; תַּחְתֵּיכֶם †Jos 2:14; Am 2:13; תַּחְתֵּיהֶם †Nu 16:31; 1 K 20:24; 1 Ch 4:41; 5:22; 2 Ch 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1 K 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Dt 2:12 + 10 times, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן †Je 28:13;— 1. under, beneath, Gn 7:19 תַּחַת כָּל־ הַשָּׁמַיִם under the whole heaven (so †Dt 2:25; 4:19; Jb 28:24; 37:3; 41:3; Dn 9:12), 18:4 ת׳ הָעֵץ, 21:15; 24:2 + often; Jb 30:14 תּ׳ שׁוֹאָה under the crash they roll themselves against me; ת׳ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Ec 1:3, 9, 13 + often Ec. (so in Ph., Cooke 4. 7; 5. 12). With לְ, †2 Ch 4:3 תַּחַת לוֹ, Ct 2:6 = 8:3 ת׳ לְרֹאשִׁי. Idiom. a. תַּחַת הָהָר at the foot of the mt., Ex 24:4; Dt 4:11, so 3:17 ת׳ אַשְׁדֹּת הַפִּסְגָּה, Jos 11:3, 17 +; fig. ψ 18:37 תַּרְחִיב צְעָדַי תַּחְתָּ֑י thou broadenest my steps under me, Jb 36:16 רַחַב לֹא מוּצָק תַּחְתֶּיךָ (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee. b. ת׳ הַלָּשׁוֹן, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, fig. of sweetness Ct 4:11, of evil ψ 10:7 ת׳ לְשֹׁנוֹ עָמָל וָאָוֶן, Jb 20:12 (so ת׳ שְׂפָתֵימוֹ ψ 140:4), of praise ψ 66:17 וְרוֹמַם ת׳ לְשׁוֹנִי (syn. בִּגְרוֹנָם 149:6). c. תַּחַת פ׳: (a) of subjection, ψ 18:40 תַּכְרִיעַ קָמַי תַּחְתָּ֑י, v 48 (cf. 47:4; 144:2), 45:6; Jb 9:13. (b) of a woman, ת׳ אִישָׁהּ, i.e. under his authority, Nu 5:19, 20, 29, so Ez 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (fig. of Israel as י׳’s spouse), cf. ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and تَحْت Ḳor 66:10. (c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Is 24:5 the earth הָֽנְפָה ת׳ יֽשְׁבֶיהָ, Pr 30:12 ת׳ שָׁלוֹשׁ רָֽגְזָה אֶרֶץ, v 22, 23; Hb 3:7 ת׳ אָוֶן i.e. (si vera l.) suffering under calamity. d. ת׳ יַד פ׳, of authority or control, Gn 41:35 וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָר ת׳ יַד פַּרְעֹה; Ju 3:30 (cf. ψ 106:42), 1 S 21:4, 5 (del. אֶל; dittogr. חֹל), v 9 Is 3:6. e. ת׳ רַגְלֵי פ׳, of subjection or conquest, ψ 8:7 כֹּל שַׁתָּה ת׳ רַגְלָיו, 18:39; 47:4; La 3:34, cf. Mal 3:21. 2. what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accus., a. with reflex. pron., idiom., in one’s place, where one stands, Ex 16:29 שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו abide every one in his place, Lv 13:23, 28; Jos 5:8; 6:5, 20; Ju 7:21; 1 S 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ we will remain where we are, 2 S 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was (cf. Je 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), 7:10; Is 25:10; 46:7; Am 2:13; Hb 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand, Zc 12:6; 14:10; Jb 36:20; 40:12 וַהֲדֹךְ רְשָׁעִים תַּחְתָּם b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gn 2:21; 4:25 ת׳ הֶבֶל instead of Abel, 22:13 ת׳ בְּנוֹ, 30:2 הֲת׳ אלהים אנכי (cf. 50:19), 44:33; 2 S 19:1 + often; Nu 32:14; Jb 16:4; Is 3:24; 55:13; 61:3, 7; of one succeeding to the place of another, וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו Gn 36:33–39; 1 K 8:20; 11:43; 14:20 + often, Dt 2:12, 21 וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם, Lv 16:32; 1 K 2:35 +; ψ 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. cf. in Ph. CIS i. 3, 9 (Cooke30). Sq. inf. Is 60:15 ת׳ הֱיוֹתֵךְ instead of thy being … Peculiarly Jb 34:26 (si vera l.) = as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu תָּחֵת חֲמָתוֹ רְשָׁעִ֑ים his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in partic., of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gn 30:15 ת׳ דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵךְ in return for thy son’s love-apples, Ex 21:23 נֶפֶשׁ ת׳ גֶפְשׁ life for life, v 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, Jos 2:14 נַפְשֵׁנוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם לָמוּת, 1 S 2:20; 1 K 20:39 נפשׁך ת׳ נפשׁו, v 42 (cf. 2 K 10:24), 21:2; Is 43:3, 4; often with vbs. of requiting, Gn 44:4 לָ֫מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה ת׳ טוֹבָם why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good? 1 S 25:21; 2 S 16:12; 19:22 ψ 35:12 יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי רָעָה ת׳ טוֹבָה, 38:21 a 109:4, 5; Pr 17:13 +; Je 5:19 תַּחַת מֶה in return for what? (cf. עַל־מֶה 22:8; Dt 29:23; 1 K 9:8). So sq. inf. ψ 38:21 b. †3. as conj.: a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר: (a) instead of that (Germ. anstatt dass), Dt 28:62 ת׳ א׳ הֱיִיתֶם instead of that ye were …, instead of your being …, Ez 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that 𝔊 ἀνθʼ ὧν often), Nu 25:13 ת׳ אֲשֶׁר קִנָּא לא׳, Dt 21:14; 22:29; 28:47; 1 S 26:21; 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25; Is 53:12; Je 29:19; 50:7; 2 Ch 21:12. b. תַּחַת כִּי Dt 4:37 (but? read וַתֶּֽחִי׃ as end of v 36), Pr 1:29. cf. (כִּי) אֲשֶׁר" dir="rtl" >עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר. III. compounds:— †1. אֶל־תַּחַת, after a vb. of motion: a. (in) under, Ju 6:19 וַיּוֹצֵא אֶל־ת׳ הָאֵלָה, 1 K 8:6 (‖ 2 Ch 5:7), Je 3:6; 38:11 (on 1 S 21:5 v. II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zc 3:10: so אֶל־ת׳ לְ׳ Ez 10:2. b. into the place of, Lv 14:42. 2. מִתַּחַת (= ὑπʼ ἐκ): a. alone, from under, from beneath, as מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם †Gn 1:7, and especially after such vbs. as שִׁחֵת 6:17, מָחָה Ex 17:14; Dt 9:14; 25:19; 29:19; 2 K 14:27, הֶאֱבִיד Dt 7:24, cf. La 3:66; Ez 47:1a מִתּ׳ מִפְתַּן הַבַּיִת, Pr 22:27 לָ֫מָּה יִקַּח מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ מִתַּחְתֶּיךָ; Ex 6:6, 7 מִתּ׳ סִבְלוֹת מִצְרַיִם, Ho 4:12 וַיִּזְנוּ מִתּ׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם (cf. II. 1 c a, b); מִתּ׳ יַד פ׳ (cf. II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of … Ex 18:10; 2 K 8:20, 22; 13:5; 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (cf. II. 2 a) from his place Ex 10:23; Zc 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or מִתַּחַת לְ׳, Gn 1:7 (P) Ez 1:8; 42:9; 46:23; Jb 26:5. b. מִתַּחַת לְ׳ (opp. מִמַּעַל לְ׳) under, beneath: Gn 1:17 הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתּ׳ לָרָקִיעַ, Ex 20:4 הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ (so Dt 4:18; 5:8), Ju 3:16 מִתּ׳ לְמַדָּיו, Je 38:12 +; of locality, †Gn 35:8 מִתּ׳ לְבֵיתְאֵל, 1 S 7:11; 1 K 4:12. c. †לְמִתַּחַת לְ׳ (cf. מִן 9 b), i.q. מִתַּחַת לְ׳ 1 K 7:32.

דִּי part. of relation who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Bab. Zinj. Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, זִי (Lzb 267, 446 RÉS 361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nab. Palm. די; 𝔗 דְּ (except in cpds., as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Sam. ࠃ; Syriac ܕ; Ethiopic ዘ za: of same origin as Arabic ذُو possessor of [cf.sub BH זֶה]. Properly a demonstr. that [cf.זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is ‘this’, za ‘which’]; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equiv. to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Heb. אֲשֶׁר);— 1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Je 10:11; Dn 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֹן whose dwelling, v 24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְכָּא whom the king had appointed, v 26 דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ׳ whose name was B., 4:5; 5:12, 23, etc.; = that which 2:23; = him that Ezr 7:25; 6:15; Dn 7:17 דִּי אִנּוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (v. אִנּוּן). Sq. pron. of 2 ps. (cf.אֲשֶׁר 3), Dn 2:37 thou, O king …, דִּי … יְהַב לָךְ to whom … hath given, 4:19; 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (cf.אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezr 6:1, so דִּי alone 6:3 Dn 2:38; of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., 3:5, 15. With the pred. an inf. c. לְ, Dn 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezr 6:8; a place- or other determination, Dn 3:20 valiant men דִּי בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵם, 7:20 Ezr 4:24; 5:6; 6:2, 6; cf.Dn 2:25; 5:13; 7:7; Ezr 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezr 6:9; 7:22 (so דְּלָא 𝔗 Gn 15:2; Ex 21:11); cf.Dn 2:34, 45. b. מַן דִּי, מָה דִּי (cf.in late Heb. מַה־שֶּׁ׳, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so †Dn 3:6, 11 מַן־דִּי־לָא יִפֵּל whoever does not fall down, 4:14 לְמַן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v 22, 29; 5:21; מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), †Dn 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, v 29(×2), 45 Ezr 6:8, 7:18.—cf.K§ 103. 2. as mark of the gen., Dn 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא proposes the captain, that of the king = the king’s captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so 𝔗 דְּ, Syriac ܕ constantly), v 19, 25, 49 + often: the subst. in such cases may be either in the emph. state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezr 4:15; 5:2, etc., or in the abs. state (undetermined), Dn 5:5; 7:4, 9, 10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleon. sf., 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא lit. his name, that of God = God’s name, v 44; 3:8, 25, 26; 4:23, etc. (so also 𝔗 Syriac). To circumscribe an adj., especially in specif. of the material: Dn 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, v 39 3:1; 5:7, 16 Ezr 5:14; 6:4 +; as predic. Dn 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּי־דְהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, v 33 7:19; with a pron. Dn 2:20 wisdom and might דִּי־לֵהּ הִיא are his; cf.6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּי־לָא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, 7:14.—Vid. further K§ 81. 3. as conj. (cf.אֲשֶׁר 8): a. that (quod), after vbs. of knowing, Dn 2:8, 9, seeing 2:45; 3:27, hearing 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ … דִּי … 3:18 Ezr 4:13; Dn 2:47 מִן־קְשֹׁט דִּי … True is it that … (cf.אָמְנָם כִּי Jb 12:2). b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dn 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc.… it shall be a divided kingdom, v 43 4:20, 23; as a connecting link = seeing that, because, for (cf.אֲשֶׁר 8 c) 2:9, 20b, 23b, 47b; 4:15; 6:24b. c. that (ut), after vbs. of asking Dn 2:16, commanding 3:10, 29, expressing a purpose 4:3; 5:15; Ezr 4:15; 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dn 2:18; 3:28; 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezr 7:23, see מה). d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dn 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּי־הַשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., 5:7; 6:6, 14. 4. with preps. and other prefixes: a. כְּדִי (like Heb. כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palm. Nab. כדי, Lzb 293 SAC Gl 62, 63 Cooke 369 b RÉS 361; 𝔗 כַּד, Syriac ܟܕ); a. according as, Dn 2:43, b. so soon as, when, 3:7; 5:20; 6:11, 15. b. מִן־דִּי: a. because that, Dn 3:22; Ezr 5:12 (cf.מֵאֲשֶׁר Is 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dn 4:23; Ezr 4:23. c. ��ַד דִּי until, Dn 2:9, 34; 4:30; 7:22; = ere that 6:25. d. עַל דִּי Dn 3:19 is not a conj., but means above that which … e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי see [דִּבְרָה" dir="rtl" >דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל" dir="rtl" >קֳבֵל.

אַךְ159 adv. (perh. from the same demonstr. root found also in כִּי, כֹּה, כֵּן). 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit; b. in contrast with other ideas generally, only. 1. asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, especially in colloquial language, surely, no doubt; Gn 26:9 אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא of a surety, lo, she is thy wife! 29:14; 44:28 Ju 3:24; 20:39 1 S 16:6 surely the anointed of י׳ is before him! 25:21 Je 5:4 ψ 58:12; 73:1, 13; but also in other cases, though rarely, Is 34:14, 15 Zp 3:7 ψ 23:6; 139:11; 140:14 Jb 16:7; 18:21; & rather singularly Ex 12:15; 31:13 Lv 23:27, 39 (all P). 2. restrictive: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit, yet, but: Gn 9:4 howbeit, flesh with the life thereof … ye shall not eat, 20:12 Ex 21:21 Lv 21:23; 27:26 Nu 18:15, 17 2 S 3:13; Je 10:24 correct me, אַךְ בְּמִשְׁפָּט but with judgment, Jb 2:6; 13:15; sts. with an advers. force, as Is 14:15; 43:24; before an imper. (minimizing the request), Gn 23:13 only, if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me! 27:13 Ju 10:15 1 S 18:17 1 K 17:13 al. So 1 S 8:9 אַךְ כִּי (v. כִּי 1 d; and cf. πλὴν ὅτι). b. in contrast to other ideas generally:—(α) Gn 7:23; 18:32 אַךְ הַפַּעַם only this once (so Ex 10:17 al.) 34:15 Ex 12:16 (note accents), 1 S 18:8 וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ הַמְּלוּכָה and there yet remains for him only the kingdom, 21:5 Isa 45:14 אַךְ בְּךָ אֵל only in thee is God! ψ 62:2 etc. Jb 14:22; ψ 37:8 fret not thyself אַךְ לְהָרֵעַ (which leadeth) only to do evil, Pr 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet אַךְ לְמַחְסוֹר (tendeth) only to penury, 14:23; 21:5; 22:16; (β) attaching itself closely to the foll. word (usually an adj., rarely a verb), only, i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly Dt 16:15 and thou shalt be אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ altogether rejoicing, 28:29 (cf. v 33 רַק) Isa 16:7 אַךְ נְכָאִים utterly stricken, 19:11 Je 16:19 nought but lies, 32:30 Ho 12:12 Jb 19:13 אַךְ זָרוּ are wholly estranged (with play on אַכְזָר cruel). c. as an adv. of time (with inf. abs.), twice: Gn 27:30 אַךְ יָצֹא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב … וְעֵשָׂו בָּא only just (or scarcely) had Jacob gone out, … and (= when) Esau came in, Ju 7:19.—וְאַךְ thrice: Gn 9:5 and only (second limitation of v 3); Nu 22:20 but only; Jos 22:19 but howbeit. Note. —In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but, altogether, is adopted by Ges Ew Hi De in ψ 23:6; 62:10; 73:1, 13; by Ew Hi De in 39:6, 7 (Che surely); by Ges Ew De in 39:12 (but Hi Che surely); by Ew Hi in 73:18 (De Che surely); by Ges Hi De in 139:11 (Ew doch). Isa 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di only; but De Che of a truth.

כִּי אִם־ (the אִם foll. by makkeph, except Gn 15:4 Nu 35:33 Ne 2:2, where כִּי־אִם is read by the Mass., Pr 2:3: FrMM 241)— 1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: a. that if Je 26:15; after an oath (כִּי not translated: v. כִּי 1 c) if 1 S 14:39 Je 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 S 3:35 1 S 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: v. כִּי 1 c); Ex 22:22 (in apod.) indeed if … (v. כִּי 1 d). b. for if Ex 8:17; 9:2; 10:4 Dt 11:20 +, for though Is 10:22 Je 37:20 Am 5:22, but if Je 7:5. 2. (About 140 times) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— a. limiting the prec. clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative)—the most usual term for expressing this idea: sq. vb. Gn 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי lit. but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (sc. I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, ‘I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;’ Lv 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִם־רָחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Is 65:6 Am 3:7 Ru 3:18 La 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öt), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öt); sq. a noun, except, but, Gn 28:17 this is nothing כִּי אִם־בֵּית הָאֱ׳ but the house of God, 39:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִם־אוֹתָךְ except thee, Lv 21:2 Nu 14:30 (after אִם), 26:65 (cf. 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14:4 1 S 30:17, 22 2 S 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִם־ (so 2 K 4:2), 19:29 1 K 17:1 (after אִם), 22:31 2 K 5:15; 9:35; 13:7 Je 22:17; 44:14 +; after אַל, 2 Ch 23:6; sq. an adv. clause, Gn 42:15 Nu 35:33 2 S 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read prob. with 𝔊 כִּי אִם־הֵבֵיאתָ); after an interrog. Is 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִם־עַבְדִּי but my servant? (who is blind in comparison with him?), Dt 10:12 Mi 6:8 Ec 5:10 2 Ch 2:5. b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (cf. אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gn 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir: כִּי אִם־אֲשֶׁר וג׳ but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be they heir (cf. 1 K 8:19), 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (cf. כִּי alone 17:15), 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money … is all made over to, etc., Ex 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Dt 7:5; 12:5; 16:6 Jos 23:8 1 S 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כֻּי אִם־חָֽי ׃ but raw, 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִם־מֶלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (cf. כי alone, 10:19; 12:12), 21:5 2 S 5:6 1 K 18:18 2 K 10:23 (פֶּן), Is 33:21; 55:10, 11; 59:2 Je 3:10; 7:32; 9:23; 16:15; 20:3 Ez 36:22; 44:10 Am 8:11 ψ 1:2, 4 Pr 23:17 (אַל) +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gn 15:4 1 K 8:19), Lv 21:14 Ez 44:22 Nu 10:30 2 K 23:23 Je 39:12 Kt (Qr om. אִם), cf. 7:23. Occas. in colloq. language, the neg., it seems, is left to be understood: 1 S 26:10 as י׳ liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but י׳ shall smite him, 2 S 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr om. אִם). Sq. imv. Is 65:18 Ez 12:23 Je 39:12 2 Ch 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly). כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous neg.: Gn 40:14 כִּי אִם־זְכַרְתַּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; v Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare pf., without לוּ, or even waw consec., to express a wish or command is unexampled), Nu 24:22 כִּי אִם־יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן ׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (cf. Di), Jb 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִם־פָּנָיו אֶשָּׂא. c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (cf. בִּלְתִּי אִם, עַר אִם: אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (v. כִּיּ 1 c.): 2 K 5:20 as י׳ liveth, כִּי אִם־רַצְתִּי surely I will run (pf. of certitude) after him, etc., Je 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surely I will fill thee with men (viz. assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men—i.e. increased thy population—, yet shall they—the assailants—lift up the shout against thee), 2 S 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. part. Ru 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֹאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Ju 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִם־נִקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 S 21:6 כִּי אִם־אִשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 K 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Pr 23:18 (v. De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Jb 42:8.

II. אַף conj. denoting addition, especially of something greater, also, yea (so Ph. Aramaic ܐܳܦ, אַף, אוֹף; cf. فَ ). 1. very rare in plain prose (in which גַּם is more usual): Gn 40:16 (with pron., as rather often) I also in my dream, Nu 16:14 Dt 2:11, 20 2 S 20:14 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:14 Est 5:12; more freq. in poetry, especially as introducing emphatically a new thought Dt 33:3, 20, 28 1 S 2:7 ψ 16:6, 7, 9; 18:49; 65:14 they shout for joy, yea, they sing! 68:9, 17; 74:16; 89:28; 93:1 Pr 22:19; 23:28 +; or in more elevated prose style, Lv 26:16, 24, 28, 41; and 25 times in the impassioned rhetoric of Is 2 (40:24–48:15), e.q. 40:24; 41:10, 26; 42:13; 43:7, 19; 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! 48:12, 15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Jb 14:3; 15:4. וְאַף and also Lv 26:39, 40, 42, 44 Dt 15:17 Hb 2:15 ψ 68:19 1 Ch 8:32 = 9:38 2 Ch 12:5 Ne 2:18; 13:15; and even Jb 19:4 וְאַף־אָמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי and even indeed (if) I have erred … With הֲ, הַאַף indeed …? really …? †Gn 18:13, 23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? v 24 Am 2:11 Jb 34:17; 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay ψ 44:10; 58:3; cf. Ju 5:29. 2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with ref. to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so (= how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a neg. one): †2 S 4:10 f. when one told me, Saul is dead … I took hold of him and slew him … אַף כִּי־אֲנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג׳ à fortiori, how much more (should I do so), when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ez 14:21 (Ew Hi) 15:5 Pr 21:27 (in all these passages כִּי = when) Jb 4:19. So וְאַף †1 S 23:3 2 K 5:13 … וְאַף כִּי־אָמַר אֵלֶיךָ and the more (= and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by כִּי (q.v.), v. infr.

[בֵ֫לֶת] subst. (from בָּלָה, of the form דֶּלֶת Ol§ 146 b) prop. failure, hence used as particle of negation, not, except (cf. בְּלִי, אֶפֶס), twice with sf. (v. infr.), elsewhere always בִּלְתִּי (with binding vowel ִי, as mark of cstr. state: Sta§ 343 Ges§ 90, 3), (Ph. בלת only: Tabnith-Inscr. 5)— †1. adv. not, with an adj. 1 S 20:26 בִּלְתִּי טָהוֹר not clean, with a subst. Is 14:6 מַכַּת בִּלְתִּי סָרָה a stroke of non-cessation, i.e. a never-ceasing stroke, with a finite vb. (si vera l.) Ez 13:3 (RVm: but v. Dr§ 41 Obs.). †2. after a preceding negation, not = except (syn. זוּלָתִי), Gn 21:26 I have not heard בִּלְתִּי הַיּוֹם except to-day, Ex 22:19 he that sacrificeth בִּלְתִּי לי׳ except unto י׳, Nu 32:12; Jos 11:19: so בִּלְתִּי אִם Gn 47:18; Ju 7:14 (cf. כִּי אִם Gn 28:17; Ne 2:2). With sf. (attached to the ground-form בֵּלֶת) בִּלְתִּי except me †Ho 13:4, בִּלְתֶּ֑ךָ except thee †1 S 2:2. †3. conj. (likewise after a neg., expressed or implied) Gn 43:3 בִּלְתִּי אֲחִיכֶם אִתְּכֶם except your brother (be) with you, v 5 Nu 11:6 our soul is dry, there is nothing at all; save that our eyes are toward the manna, Is 10:4 (and where will ye leave your glory?) save that they bow down under the prisoners, and fall under the slain! i.e. (iron.) their only refuge will be among the corpses of a battle-field. So בִּלְתִּי אִם Am 3:3, 4.—Dn 11:18, where no neg. precedes, it is difficult to extract a sense consistent with the gen. usage of בִּלְתִּי: Ges besides that his reproach he will return unto him, Ew only, nothing but, Hi certainly, Drechsler (on Is 10:4) nay, even (cf. RV). 4. With preps. a. לְבִלְתִּי86 so as not …, in order not … (negation of לְ sq. Inf.), usually sq. Inf. cstr., as Gn 4:15 gave a sign to Cain לְבִלְתִּי הַכּוֹת־אֹתוֹ in order that any finding him should not smite him, 19:21; 38:9; Ex 8:18, 25; 9:17; Lv 18:30; 20:4; 26:15; Dt 8:11; 17:12 the man that doeth presumptuously לְבִלְתִּי שְׁמֹעַ so as not to hearken etc. (cf. Je 16:12; 17:23; 18:10; 42:13; Dn 9:11) v 20 Ju 2:23 +; לְבִלְתִּי הוֹעִיל in order not to profit (the result represented forcibly as the design; cf. sub לְמַעַן) Is 44:10 Je 7:8; after vbs. of commanding Gn 3:11 which I commanded thee לְבִלְתִּי אֲכָל־מִמֶּנּוּ not to eat thereof, 2 K 17:15; Je 35:8f, 14 Ru 2:9, swearing Dt 4:21; Jos 5:6; Ju 21:7; Ez 20:15, agreeing 2 K 12:9, interceding Je 36:25. Once לְבִלְתִּי לְ 2 K 23:10 (cf. לְמַעַן לְ Ez 21:20, בַּעֲבוּר לְ 1 Ch 19:3). Twice as conj. with the impf., Ex 20:20; 2 S 14:14 (cf. בַּעֲבוּר, & מִן Dt 33:11). In Je 23:14; 27:18 sq. perf., which is inconsistent with the nature of a final conj.: read either יָשׁוּבוּ, יָבֹאוּ, or שׁוּב, בוֹא (cf. Dr§ 41 Obs.). On Ez 13:3 v. supr. †b. מִבִּלְתִּי an account of not … (negation of מִן sq. Inf.): sq. Inf. Nu 14:16 מִבִּלְתִּי יְכֹלֶת י׳; a verbal noun Ez 16:28 מִבִּלְתִּי שָׂבְעָתֵךְ. †c. עַד־בִּלְתִּי until not …, sq. perf. (Ges§ 164 d; RSJPh. xvi. 72), or an Inf. (Ew§ 238 d), in the phrase (לָהֶם) עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר־לוֹ שָׂרִיד until one left him (them) not a remnant, Nu 21:35; Dt 3:3; Jos 8:22; 10:33; 11:8; 2 K 10:11.—Jb 14:12 עַד־בִּלְתִּי שָׁמַיִם till there be no heaven (cf. עַד־בְּלִי ψ 72:7).

רַק †1. adj. thin;—fpl. רַקּוֹת, of kine, Gn 41:19, 20, 27 (‖ v 3, 4 דַּקּוֹת). 2. 109 adv. with restrictive force, only, altogether, surely (syn. אַךְ);— a. only, Gn 14:24; 41:40 רַק הַכִּסֵּא אֶגְדַּל מִמֶּךָּ only as regards the throne, etc., 47:22 רַק אַדְמַת הַכֹּהֲנִים לֹא קָנָה, 50:8; Ex 8:5 רַק בַּיְאֹר תִּשָּׁאַרְנָח, 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי רַק הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה only this death, Dt 2:35 (cf. 20:14; Jos 8:2, 27), 3:11; Ju 6:39 (cf. אַךְ ib. Gn 18:32; Ex 10:17), 11:34 (circ. cl.) רַק הִיא יְחִידָה (there being) only she, an only one, 1 S 1:13; Am 3:2 רק אתכם ידעתי only you have I known, etc., Jb 1:15, 16, 17, 19 וָאִמָּֽלְטָה רַק אֲנִי לְבַדִּי I only, ψ 91:8 + often. Once strengthening אַךְ, †Nu 12:2 הֲרַק אַךְ־בְּמשֶׁה דִּבֶּר י׳. And separated (as sometimes in English) from the word actually emphasized, Pr 13:10 רַק בְּזָדוֹן יִתֵּן מַצָּה by pride there only cometh [נָתַן 1 z] contention. b. prefixed to sentences, to add a limitation on sthg. previously expressed (or implied), Gn 19:8 only to these men do nothing, 24:8 רַק אֶת־בְּנִי לֹא־תָשֵׁב הֵ֫נָּה, Ex 8:24 I will let you go …, only go not far, v 25 Nu 20:19 only—it is nothing—let me pass through on my feet (cf. Dt 2:28); especially in Deut. writers, as Dt 10:15; 12:15; 20:16; 1 K 3:2, 3 (cf. 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35), 8:19; 11:13; 15:14, 23; 2 K 3:2 (cf. 14:3; 17:2), etc., Is 4:1; emphasizing a command, Dt 4:9; 12:16, 23 Jos 1:7, 18; 6:18; 13:6; 22:5 (all D2). c. emphasizing single words, especially adjj., only = nought but, altogether, Gn 6:5 יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבוֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע is only evil, i.e. exclusively evil, nought but evil, Gn 26:29 עָשִׂינוּ עִמְּךָ רַק טוֹב nothing but good, Dt 28:33 וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק, Is 28:19 רַק זְוָעָה it shall be nought but terror to, etc., 1 K 14:8 (cf. אַךְ 2 b β); sq. an adv. Dt 28:13 וְהָיִיתָ רַק לְמַ֫עְלָה above only; sq. a vb., Ju 14:16 thou dost but hate me. †d. after a neg., save, except (syn. כִּי אִם 2 a), 1 K 8:9 (= 2 Ch 5:10) אֵין בָּאָרוֹן רַק שְׁנֵי לֻחוֹת הָאֲבָנִים, 15:5; 22:16 (= 2 Ch 18:15), 2 K 17:18. †e. with an affirmative, asseverative force, only, altogether = surely, Gn 20:11 רַק אֵין יִרְאַת אלהים במקום הזה, Dt 4:6 (so EV; but Ges populus mere sapiens, so Di), 1 K 21:25 2 Ch 28:10 ψ 32:6 רַק לְשֶׁטֶף מים רבים אליו לא יַגִּ֑יעוּ. †f. רַק אִם (רַק prefixed for emph.) if only, provided only, Dt 15:5 רַק אִם שׁמוע תשׁמע וג׳, 1 K 8:25 (= 2 Ch 6:16) רַק אִם ישׁמרו בניך דרכם ללכת וג׳, 2 K 21:8 (= 2 Ch 33:8).

יַ֫עַן96 proposes subst., purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj., on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר, etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; cf. عَنَى mean, intend):— 1. as prep., rarely with a subst., †Ez 5:9 יַעַן תּוֹעֲבוֹתֵיכֶם, Hg 1:9 יַעַן מָה, v 9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a ptcp. Ez 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read prob. אָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); freq. with inf. c., 1 K 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Am 5:11; Is 30:12; 37:29 (= 2 K 19:28) יַעַן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Je 5:14; 7:13; 23:38; 48:7, and often (c. 18 times) in Ezek., as 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹֽתְכֶם), 13:8, 22; 25:3, 6, 8, 12. 2. As conj.: a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 times), usually with pf., as Gn 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Dt 1:36 (Jos 14:14), Ju 2:20; 1 S 30:22; 1 K 3:11; 8:18; Je 19:4; 25:8; 29:23 (not Is) +; with impf. (in frequent. sense) Ez 44:12. †b. יַעַן כִּי, Nu 11:20 יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶת־י׳, 1 K 13:21; 21:29; Is 3:16; 7:5; 8:6; 29:13. c. יַעַן alone (23 times), with pf. Nu 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1 S 15:23; 1 K 14:13; 20:42; 2 K 22:19; Ho 8:1; Is 61:1; 65:12; 66:4; with impf. (freq.) †Ez 34:21. Once יַעַן אֲשֶׁר of the fut. †Ez 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but 𝔊 Co לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן). Usually the vb. follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the obj.first for emph., 5:11 יַעַן אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאת, 20:16, 24; 36:6, cf. 34:21. †3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q. d. because and by the cause (that), sq. perf., Lv 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ez 13:10; יַעַן בְּיַעַן sq. inf., Ez 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 times, 20 in 1–2 K, 11 in Je, 38 in Ez; only 9 in Gn-2 S.)

ὥστε, as adverb, bearing the same relation to ὡς as ὅστε to ὅς, and used by Refs 8th c.BC+ more frequently than ὡς in similes, when it is commonly written divisim, and is relative to a demonstrative ὥς: sometimes with present Indic., Refs 8th c.BC+: sometimes with aorist, ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη Refssubjunctive present or aorist, Refs 8th c.BC+: all three usages combined in one simile, with varied construction, Refs 8th c.BC+:—the verb is sometimes omitted, λάμφ᾽ ὥς τε στεροπή Refs is chiefly Epic dialect Refs 5th c.BC+, but it occurs in Refs 7th c.BC+ __II to mark the power or virtue by which one does a thing, as being, inasmuch as, like{ἅτε}, τὸν δ᾽ ἐξήρπαξ᾽ Ἀφροδίτη ῥεῖα μάλ᾽, ὥ. θεός Refs 8th c.BC+; ὥ. περὶ ψυχῆς since it was for life, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B as conjunction to express the actual or intended result of the action in the principal clause: __B.I mostly with infinitive, so as or for to do a thing, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+ if thy heart is eager to return, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ τηλίκος.., ὥ. σημάντορι πάντα πιθέσθαι not of such age as to obey a master in all things, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὥ. ἀποπλησθῆναι (ἀποπλῆσαι codices) τὸν χρησμόν Refs 5th c.BC+; also in Trag. and Attic dialect after demonstratives, οὔπω τοσοῦτον ἠπατημένος κυρῶ ὥστ᾽ ἄλλα χρῄζειν Refs 5th c.BC+; this construction is found in cases where (as in Refs 8th c.BC+ seems superfluous; so after ἐθέλειν, Κύπρις.. ἤθελ᾽ ὥ. γίγνεσθαι τόδε Refs 5th c.BC+; after ἔστι, for ἔξεστι, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ψηφίζεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ἐπαίρειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; after words implying request, δεηθέντες.. ὥ. ψηφίσασθαι Refs __B.I.2 after Comparatives with ἤ, when the possibility of the consequence is denied compare (ὡς Refs 5th c.BC+ woes too great for tears, Refs 5th c.BC+ is sometimes left out, νόσημα μεῖζον ἢ φέρειν Refs 5th c.BC+; similarly with the Posit., ψυχρὸν ὥ. λούσασθαι too cold to bathe in, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡμεῖς ἔτι νέοι ὥ. διελέσθαι too young to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ too few.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.3 ὥστε.. ἄν is used with infinitive, of contingencies more or less improbable, οὕτως ἐκάετο ὥστε μήτε.. ἄλλο τι ἢ γυμνοὶ ἀνέχεσθαι, ἥδιστά τε ἂν ἐς ὕσωρ ψυχρὸν σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ῥίπτειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 sometimes implying on condition that.., like{ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε}, παραδοῦναι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς Ἀθηναίοις, ὥστε βουλεῦσαι ὅ τι ἂν ἐκείνοις δοκῇ Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II with Indic., to express the actual or possible result with emphasis, οὐκ οὕτω φρενοβλαβὴς ὁ Πρίαμος οὐδὲ οἱ ἄλλοι.., ὥ. κινδυνεύειν ἐβούλοντο Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσθενέες οὕτω, ὥ... διατετρανέεις Refs; οὕτως ἀγνωμόνως ἔχετε, ὥ. ἐλπίζετε..; are you so foolish that you expect.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; with ἄν and the imperfect or aorist implying a supposed case, ὥστ᾽, εἰ φρονῶν ἔπρασσον, οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἐγιγνόμην κακός Refs 5th c.BC+; ὥστε οὐκ ἂν ἔλαθεν αὐτόθεν ὁρμώμενος Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 at the beginning of a sentence, to mark a strong conclusion, and so, therefore, ὥστ᾽.. ὄλωλα καί σε προσδιαφθερῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; before a question, ὥ. τίς ἂν ἀπετόλμησε..; Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 with optative, with ἄν, Refs 5th c.BC+; after optative in principal clause, Refs __B.II.4 with subjunctive, in order that, in Thessalian dialect, τὸς ταμίας φροντίσαι οὕστε.. γενειθεῖ τᾶ πόλι ἁ δόσις Refs __B.III with participle, instead of infinitive, after a participle in the principal clause, τοσοῦτον ἁπάντων διενεγκόντες, ὥσθ᾽ ὑπὲρ Ἀργείων δυστυχησάντων Θηβαίοις.. ἐπιτάττοντες κτλ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οὕτω σφόδρα μισοῦντα τοῦτον, ὥστε πολὺ δὴ (ἂν Dobree) θᾶττον διαθέμενον κτλ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.IV πόλεμος σκληρὸς ὥστε λίαν extremely, LXX __B.V in later Greek, followed by Preps., Παρμένοντι κλειδὸς ὥ. ἐπὶ τὸ Διοσκούριον Refs 3rd c.BC+; ξύλον ὥ. ἐπὶ τὴν ἅμαξαν Refs 3rd c.BC+; μόλυβδος ὥ. εἰς τὸ Κύνθιον Refs 3rd c.BC+; κριθῶν ὥ. εἰς τὰ κτήνη barley for the animals, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὥ. εἰς ξένια φοίνικας Refs 3rd c.BC+ __B.V.b with dative, for, χρεία αὐτοῦ ἐστὶν ὥ. Πισικλεῖ it is needed for P., Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὥ. τοῖς χησίν Refs 3rd c.BC+

Related to: μονόω, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect μουνόω, Refs 8th c.BC+; but μον- in Refs 8th c.BC+: (μόνος):— make single or solitary, ἡμετέρην γενεὴν μούνωσε Κρονίων made our race single, i. e. allowed but one son in each generation, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. τὸν Φίλιππον leave him isolated, Refs 2nd c.BC+; get alone, τινὰ ἐν σπήλυγγι Refs; strip of predicates, make unique, [θεόν] Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II more frequently in passive, to be left alone, forsaken, ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι μονωθείς Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐμουνοῦντο they were left each man by himself, Refs 5th c.BC+; μουνωθέντα taken apart, without witnesses (variant for{μουνόθεν}), Refs 4th c.BC+; of animals when hunted, Refs 5th c.BC+; when left solitary, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the soul, to be separated from the body, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of things, to be taken alone, Refs 4th c.BC+; to be isolated in thought, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 with genitive person, μεμουνωμένοι συμμάχων deserted by allies, Refs 5th c.BC+; μονωθεὶς δάμαρτος, σοῦ μονούμενος, Refs 5th c.BC+ bereft of.., Refs 1st c.BC+; μονούμενος τῶν ἀγαθῶν separated from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; μονωθεῖσαι φρονήσεως without.., Refs; μονωθεὶς ἐκ τῆς εἱρκτῆς, i. e. set free from.., Refs

† אֶ֫פֶס, אָ֑פֶס n.m. proposes ceasing, hence 1. end, extremity, only in the poet. phrase אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ (ψ 59:14 א׳ הארץ) ends, extreme limits, of the earth, used especially hyperbolically: Dt 33:17 1 S 2:10 Mi 5:3 Je 16:19 ψ 2:8; 59:14; 72:8 (= Zc 9:10); + כָּל־ Is 45:22; 52:10b (= ψ 98:3b) ψ 22:28; 67:8 Pr 30:4. 2. Expressing non-existence: a. as subst. (mostly a rare poet. syn. of אַיִן): Is 34:12 and all his princes יִהְיוּ אָ֑פֶס shall become nought, 41:29; 41:12 יִהְיוּ כְאַיִן וּכְאֶפֶס; 40:17 מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ (‖ כְּאַיִן) as made of nought and worthlessness are they accounted by him, 41:24 (read פָּעָלְכָם מֵאָ֑פֶס, ‖ מ��אַיִן, v. אֶפַע); 52:4 and Asshur oppressed him בְּאֶפֶס for nought. b. as part. of negation, proposes cessation of …! (cf. אֵין … nought of …), very rare in prose (2 S 9:3), chiefly a poet. syn. of אֵין: Is 5:8 עַד אֶפֶס מָקוֹם till there is an end of place = till there is no place (cf. עַד אֵין ψ 40:13), Am 6:10 (cf. אָֽיִן Ju 4:20), Dt 32:36 (hence, in prose, 2 K 14:26), Is 45:6 (cf. אין 43:11) v 14; 46:9; 54:15; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד Zp 2:15 Is 47:8, 10 is prob. to be rendered, ‘I am, and there is none besides’ (so Ges Ew Di etc.), the י being ‘paragogic’ as in זוּלָתִי etc. (Ges§ 90, 3a Ew§ 211b), cf. עוֹד" dir="rtl" >וְאֵין עוֹד Is 45:5, 6, 18, 21; but according to De the י is sf. of 1 s. ‘I am, and I am nought besides’ (i.e. and I am nought besides my all-sufficient self).—בְּאֶפֶס (like בְּאֵין, q.v.) without: Pr 14:28; 26:20 Jb 7:6 Dn 8:25. c. as adv. of limitation: (a) only: †Nu 22:35 (cf. אַךְ v 20) 23:13. (b) אֶפֶס כִּי save that, howbeit (qualifying a preceding statement): †Nu 13:28 Dt 15:4 Ju 4:9 Am 9:8 (+ 1 S 1:5 𝔊 We Sta Dr). So אֶפֶס alone †2 S 12:14 (the foll. כִּי signifying because).

πλήν, Doric dialectand Aeolic dialect πλάν Refs 5th c.BC+: preposition with genitive, except, save, πάντων Φαιήκων πλήν γ᾽ αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπεγγύους π. θανάτου liable to any punishment short of death, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν π. θανάτου save in respect of death, Refs 5th c.BC+; σκυλεύειν τοὺς τελευτήσαντας π. ὅπλων of anything save their arms, Refs 5th c.BC+; διαρπάσαι.. ἐπέτρεψε πλὴν ἀνδραπόδων to carry off all plunder save slaves, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 later, besides, in addition to, LXX __B conjunction: __B.I with single words and phrases, especially when a negative precedes, οὐκ ἆρ᾽ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄνδρες εἰσὶ π. ὅδ; Refs 5th c.BC+: after a question implying a negative, τί σοι πέπρακται π.τεύχειν κακ; Refs 5th c.BC+ is sometimes omitted, θνῄσκουσι [πάντες] π. εἷς τις Refs 5th c.BC+: after a comparative, ταῦτ᾽ ἐστὶ κρείσσω π. ὑπ᾽ Ἀργείοις πεσεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+: after a superlative, τὸ μέγιστον εἴργται π. αἱ τάξεις τοῦ φόρου Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II frequently joined with other Particles: __B.II.1 π. εἰ, π. ἐάν, ὅταν, __B.II.1.a followed by a Verb, π. εἴ τις κωμῳδοποιὸς τυγχάνει ὤν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.1.b with Verb omitted, οὐδεὶς οἶδεν.., π. εἴ τις ἄρ᾽ ὄρνις Refs 5th c.BC+; π. εἰ μή, after a negative, οὐδὲν προσδεησόμεθα, π. εἰ μὴ πάρεργόν τι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 πλὴν ἤ (where ἤ adds nothing to the sense; πλὴν εἰ is a common variant), οὐκ ἄλλῳ π. ἢ Προδίκῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; also οὐ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὑγιάζει π. ἀλλ᾽ ἢ.. Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.3 π. οὐ only not, πάντες προσδέχονται, π. οὐχ οἱ τύραννοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4 π. ὅτι except that.., save that.., καίτοι τί διαφέρουσιν ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι, π. ὅτι ψηφίσματ᾽ οὐ γράφουσι; Refs 5th c.BC+; πλήν γε ὅτι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ὁμοίως, τὰ αὐτά, Refs 1st c.AD+ __B.II.5 π. ὅσον except or save so far as.., παρήκουσι παρὰ πᾶσαν [τὴν Λιβύην].., π. ὅσον Ἕλληνες.. ἔχουσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.5.b without a Verb, πάντων ἐρήμους, π. ὅσον τὸ σὸν μέρος save so far as thou art concerned, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν π. ὅσον ἐκ τριῶν νεῶν οὓς ἐζώγρησαν except only.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III introducing a clause, mostly preceded by οὐδείς, πᾶς, ἄλλος, save that, νῦν δ᾽ οὐδεμία πάρεστιν.., π. ἥ γ᾽ ἐμὴ κωμῆτις ἥδ᾽ ἐξέρχεται Refs 5th c.BC+: without any such word preceding, only, albeit, ἀπέπεμπε κήρυκας ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, π. οὔτε ἐς Ἀθήνας οὔτε ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἀπέπεμπε Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.2 to break off and pass to another subject, only, however, π. γνώριζε ἄτοπος ὤν NT+3rd c.BC+: in late Prose, π. ἀλλά Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.III.3 simply for δέ, but, πολλὴν στρατιὰν ἀθροίσας, π. ἄπειρον μάχης Refs 2nd c.AD+

קֳבֵל29 subst. front, as prep. in front of, before, because of; sq. דִּי as conj. because that (perhaps in form a dimin., Bev Dn 2:8; 𝔗 קְבֵיל, c. לְ, לִקְבֵיל, sf. לְקִבְלִי, etc., in front of (Dalm§ 47:7); Syriac ܩܒܽܘܠ, ܩܽܘܒܠܴܐ aspect, ܡܶܢ ܩܒܽܘܠ in front, ܠܽܘܩܒܰܠ, sf. ܠܩܽܘܒܠܶܗ in front (of), opposite (to), cf. Gn 15:10 𝔗 𝔖; Palm. לקבל before (Cooke321, cf. 193));—cstr. לָקֳבֵל Dn 2:8 + sf. לְקָבְלָךְ †2:31;— †1. c. לְ: a. Dn 3:3 לק׳ צַלְמָא before the image, 2:31; 5:1, 5; in view of, by reason of, 5:10 לק׳ מִלֵּי מַלְכָּא by reason of the words, etc., Ezr 4:16 לָקֳבֵל דְּנָה (cf. EgyptianAramaic לקבל זנה זי, RÉS361 B 5). b. sq. דִּי as conj. because that Ezr 6:13 (so Palm. CISii. 164). 2. c. בֹּל, כָּל־קֳבֵל in view of, because of (but read probably כְּלָקֳבֵל according to the front of, i.e. having regard to, because of: LuzzChald. Gr. § 123 LambertRÉJ, 1895, 47 f. Marti§ 95 d NöLCB, 1896, 703 NesOLZ, 1902, 487 Strack56 al.; cf. BH I. עֻמָּה d): a. as prep. כָּל־קֳבֵל דְּנָה because of this, therefore, †Dn 2:12, 24; 3:7, 8; 6:10 Ezr 7:17; Dn 3:22 pointing forwards, כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּנָה מִן־דִּי וג׳ on this account, (viz.) because that, etc. b. sq. דִּי as conj. because that, inasmuch as, Dn 2:8 כָּל־קֳבֵל (כְּלָקֳבֵל) דִּי חֲזֵיתוּן because ye see, v 10, 41, 45 +, Ezr 4:14; 7:14; Dn 5:22 = although. In Dn 2:40; 6:11 taken by 𝔊 (ὃν τρόπον, καθώς), Ges (Thes, not Lex), Ew Hi as = according as (as Ec 5:15 𝔗 כל קבל דאתא according as he came), but not Bev Behrm Marti. [Occas. in 𝔗, usually = before; cf. in 𝔗J Gn 28:17; 31:32, D§§ 47. 7; 50].

ἐπεί, conjunction, both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. OF TIME (ἐπειδή is more frequently in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Refs 8th c.BC+ __I with Ind., __I.1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist, ἐπεί π᾽ εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Refs 8th c.BC+after Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with imperfect, ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ᾽ Refs 5th c.BC+pluperfect, ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., Refs 4th c.BC+; but generally the aorist is found, the pluperfect being used only for special emphasis: with imperfect to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, ={ἐξ οὗ}, from the time when, since, mostly with aorist, πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Refs 5th c.BC+present (used in perfect sense) and perfect, ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with Subj., ἄν being always added in Attic dialect Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Comedy texts, Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἐπεάν Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1 referring to future time with future apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Refs 8th c.BC+; ταῦτ᾽, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ᾽ ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., Refs 8th c.BC+; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of repeated action, with a present apodosis, whenever, when once, δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, Refs κε in Poets, ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 like Refs 4th c.BC+ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, Refs __III with Opt. (without ἄν): __III.1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (i.e. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 more frequently of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) Refs 5th c.BC+; after optative in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο, ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 by assimilation to optative in principal clause, ἦ τ᾽ ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.5 ἐπειδάν with optative is falsa lectio in some passages of early authors, as Refs 5th c.BC+: found in later Gr., Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV with Inf., only in indirect speech, ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (i.e. ἔφη) Refs 5th c.BC+ __V with other words: __V.1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, frequently separated by a word, ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.1.b ἐ. τὰ πρῶτα Refs 8th c.BC+ __V.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B CAUSAL (ἐπεί more frequently in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, Refsinasmuch as, NT.Luke.1.1), since, seeing that, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses), ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with past tenses with ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ᾽ ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ᾽ ἄν Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ᾽· ἐπεὶ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔχοντ᾽ (i.e. εἷλεν) Refs 5th c.BC+: especially in the sense, for otherwise.., Refs 5th c.BC+future, ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Refs for teach me, Refs 5th c.BC+: with an interrogative, ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσεια; for how would you call him? Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 with Opt., ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Refs 8th c.BC+; so after past tenses on the principle of indirect speech, ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 with Inf. in indirect speech, ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ᾽ εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Refs 5th c.BC+; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον Refsand yet, although, compare Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4.b sometimes after a vocative, where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ᾽ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Refs 8th c.BC+ since indeed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδή γεRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ἦ since in truth, ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδήπερ in Comedy texts and Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τοι since surely, Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes begins a verse in Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+

διότι, conjunction for διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι.. Refs 2nd c.AD+, because, for the reason that, since, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲ δι᾽ ἓν ἄλλο ἢ διότι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 indirect, wherefore, for what reason, φράσω διότι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; σκοπεῖν διότι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρωτᾶν διότι.. Refs 4th c.AD+ __II ={ὅτι}, that, Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by infinitive, Refs 2nd c.BC+

† III. אוּלָם and (Jb 17:10, perhaps for sake of assonance with following כֻּלָּם) אֻלָּם adv. but, but indeed, a strong adversative Jb 2:5; 5:8; 13:3 (where 𝔊 excellently οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλά). More usually with וְ, וְאוּלָם Gn 28:19 (cf. Ju 18:29) 48:19 howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, Ex 9:16 but in very deed, Nu 14:21 (cf. 1 S 20:3; 25:34) 1 K 20:23 Mic 3:8 Jb 1:11; 11:5; 12:7; 13:4; 14:18; 17:10; 33:1.

בַּאֲשֶׁר19 a. in (that) which … Is 56:4; 65:12; 66:4 (supr. 1); Ec 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Is 47:12 (v.2). b. adv. in (the place) where: supr. 4 b (γ). c. conj. in that, inasmuch as, †Gn 39:9; 23; Ec 7:2; 8:4; cf. ܒܕ d. †Jon 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: v. sub שֶׁל).

† אָכֵן (perh. from אַךְ; cf. Aramaic דֵּךְ & דִּכֵּן) adv. with strong asseverative force: a. surely, truly, especially at beginning of a speech (stronger & more decided than אַךְ) Gn 28:16 Ex 2:14 1 S 15:32 Is 40:7; 45:15 Je 3:23(×2); 4:10; 8:8. In 1 K 11:2 אָכֵן stands unusually; and פֶּן־ (cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 should prob. be read (so Klo). b. emphasizing a contrast, but indeed, but in fact, especially after אָמַרְתִּי I said or thought, expressing the reality, in opp. to what had been wrongly imagined, Is 49:4b (opp. to v 4a) 53:4 (opp. to v 3 end) Je 3:20 (opp. to the expectation v 19b) Zp 3:7b ψ 31:23b (opp. to v 23a) 66:19 82:7 (opp. to v 6) Jb 32:8 (opp. to v 7).

מֵאֲשֶׁר17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that …) Gn 31:1; Ex 29:27(×2) Nu 6:11 (see Lv 4:26) Jos 10:11; Ju 16:30; Is 47:13 +; than that … †Ec 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר †Est 4:11. b. adv. from (the place) where: supr. 4 b (γ). c. conj. from (the fact) that …, since †Is 43:4.

† בִּלְעֲדֵי (perhaps from בַּל and עַד, עֲדֵי unto; Syriac ܒܶܠܥܳܕ = ἄνευ, χωρίς; Nab. בלעד except, EutNab 3, 9)—sf. בִּלְעָדַי (3 times), בַּלְעָדַי (4 times), בִּלְעָדֶיךָ (once)—prop. not unto, hence apart from, except, without: a. Jb 34:32 בִּלְעֲדֵי אֶחֱזֶה except, apart from (what) I see myself, do thou instruct me. With sf. Gn 41:44 בִּלְעָדֶיךָ apart from thee, without thee, no one shall lift up the hand, Is 45:6 for there is none בִּלְעָדָ֑י except me. Also with sf., as a particle of deprecation, Gn 14:24 בִּלְעָדַי not to me! i.e. I claim nothing, (in our idiom) not at all! 41:16. b. with מִן, מִבַּלְעֲדֵי (so ܡܶܢ ܒܶܠܥܳܕ without). (α) apart from, especially with the collat. idea of without the knowledge and consent, Nu 5:20; 2 K 18:25 (= Is 36:10) am I now come up apart from, without י׳ against this place to destroy it? Je 44:19 (cf. בִלְעָדֶיךָ Gn 41:44). (β) apart from, besides, except, Jos 22:19; 2 S 22:32 a (= ψ 18:32a) for who is God except י׳? v 32 b; similarly Is 43:11 ו��אֵין מִבַּלְעָדַי מוֹשִׁיעַ, 44:6, 8; 45:21.

† [זוּלָה] n.[f.] proposes removal, only found in the st. c. as prep. and conj. except, only, save that—cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and (with the obsolete case-ending ִי) זוּלָתִי Dt 1:36; 4:12 Jos 11:13 1 K 3:18; 12:20 ψ 18:32; with sf. זוּלָתִי Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21, זוּלָֽתְךָ, זוּלָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 7:22 = 1 Ch 17:20 Is 26:13; 64:3 Ru 4:4, זוּלָתָהּ 1 S 21:10;— 1. prep. except, besides, lit. with removal of … (syn. מִבַּלְעֲדֵי ψ 18:32 Is 45:21; בִּלְתִּי Ho 13:4; and cf. Dt 1:36 with Nu 32:12), Dt 1:36 זולתי כלב with the exception of Caleb, 1 S 21:10 אֵין אַחֶרֶת זוּלָתָהּ there is none other except it, 1 K 12:20 2 K 24:14 Ru 4:4: often in such phrases as, There is no God (or, Who is God?) except me (or thee), 2 S 7:22 18:32 Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21; 64:3. Always after a neg. or qu., except Is 26:13 אדנים זולתך lords other than thou. Connected inexactly with what precedes, ז׳ acquires the force of only, Dt 4:12 ye saw no form זוּלָתִי קוֹל save a voice = (there was) only a voice, 1 K 3:18. 2. conj. Jos 11:13 except that he burnt Hazor alone.

† עֵ֫קֶב n.[m.] consequence, usually as adv.acc. as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end (v. sub עָקַב; and cf. عَقِبٌ heel, fig. consequence, result);— 1. Is 5:23 מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד (adv. acc.) in consequence of a bribe, ψ 40:16 (= 70:4) עַל עֵקֶב בָּשְׁתָּם (pleon.) according to the consequence of their shame, i.e. in consequence of the disgrace falling upon them. Hence as conj. עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר as a consequence of (the fact) that, because, Gn 22:18 ע׳ אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי, 26:5 2 S 12:6; so עֵקֶב כִּי 2 S 12:10; Am 4:12 ע׳ כִּי זאת אעשׂה לך; עֵקֶב alone, Nu 14:24, and (sq. impf.) Dt 7:12 ע׳ תשׁמעון in consequence of your hearkening, etc., 8:20. 2. consequence = gain, reward, ψ 19:12 בְּשָׁמְרָם עֵקֶב רָב, Pr 22:4 עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה (וְ)יִרְאַת י׳ עשֶׁר וגו׳. 3. end (of time), adv. acc., ψ 119:33 וְאֶצֳּרֶנָּה ע׳ to the end, v 112 לְעוֹלָם ע׳ (cf. Ecclus 16:3; 𝔗 עִקְבָּא (rare)).

† אֲבָל adv. 1. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 2 S 14:5 1 K 1:43 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P). 2. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr 10:13 2 Ch 1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf. Arabic بَلْ of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.)

ἐπεί, conjunction, both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. OF TIME (ἐπειδή is more frequently in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Refs 8th c.BC+ __I with Ind., __I.1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist, ἐπεί π᾽ εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Refs 8th c.BC+after Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with imperfect, ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ᾽ Refs 5th c.BC+pluperfect, ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., Refs 4th c.BC+; but generally the aorist is found, the pluperfect being used only for special emphasis: with imperfect to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, ={ἐξ οὗ}, from the time when, since, mostly with aorist, πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Refs 5th c.BC+present (used in perfect sense) and perfect, ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with Subj., ἄν being always added in Attic dialect Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Comedy texts, Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἐπεάν Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1 referring to future time with future apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Refs 8th c.BC+; ταῦτ᾽, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ᾽ ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., Refs 8th c.BC+; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of repeated action, with a present apodosis, whenever, when once, δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, Refsκε in Poets, ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 like Refs 4th c.BC+ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, Refs __III with Opt. (without ἄν): __III.1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (i.e. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 more frequently of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) Refs 5th c.BC+; after optative in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο, ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 by assimilation to optative in principal clause, ἦ τ᾽ ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.5 ἐπειδάν with optative is falsa lectio in some passages of early authors, as Refs 5th c.BC+: found in later Gr., Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV with Inf., only in indirect speech, ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (i.e. ἔφη) Refs 5th c.BC+ __V with other words: __V.1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, frequently separated by a word, ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.1.b ἐ. τὰ πρῶτα Refs 8th c.BC+ __V.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B CAUSAL (ἐπεί more frequently in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, Refsinasmuch as, NT.Luke.1.1), since, seeing that, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses), ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with past tenses with ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ᾽ ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ᾽ ἄν Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ᾽· ἐπεὶ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔχοντ᾽ (i.e. εἷλεν) Refs 5th c.BC+: especially in the sense, for otherwise.., Refs 5th c.BC+future, ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Refs for teach me, Refs 5th c.BC+: with an interrogative, ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσεια; for how would you call him? Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 with Opt., ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Refs 8th c.BC+; so after past tenses on the principle of indirect speech, ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 with Inf. in indirect speech, ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ᾽ εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Refs 5th c.BC+; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον Refsand yet, although, compare Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4.b sometimes after a vocative, where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ᾽ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Refs 8th c.BC+ since indeed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδή γεRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ἦ since in truth, ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδήπερ in Comedy texts and Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τοι since surely, Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes begins a verse in Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+

† כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gn 18:5; 19:8; 33:10; 38:26 Nu 10:31; 14:43 Ju 6:22 2 S 18:20 Qr (rightly), Je 29:28; 38:4—lit. for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew§ 353 a). The orig. force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gn 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּי־עַל־כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (sc. to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Nu 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּי־עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from י׳, etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c) †Jb 34:27.

ἐκτός (ἐχθός, Refs 5th c.BC+, adverb, (ἐκ) without, outside, opposed to ἐντός: __1 as preposition with genitive, which may either precede or follow, ἐ. κλισίης Refs 8th c.BC+; out of, far from, καπνοῦ καὶ κύματος ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐ. ἔχειν πόδα (i.e. τῶν καλῶν) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τῶν ἐλαῶν beyond the olives, i. e. out of the course. Refs 5th c.BC+; Geometry texts, beyond, τοῦ Α σημείου Refs 3rd c.BC+; also ἐ. ἀτασθαλίης outside of, free from.., Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐ. στρατειῶν exempt from.., Refs; ἐ. ἑωυτῆς beside herself, out of her wits, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ἐλπίδος beyond hope, Refs; δοκημάτων ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of Time, beyond, πέντε ἡμερέων Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 except, Refs 5th c.BC+; besides, apart from, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: absolutely, besides, as well, Refs; also ἐ. εἰ μή unless, NT+1st c.AD+ __4 without the consent of, τινός Refs __II absolutely, ἃ δ᾽ ἐ. external things, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἐ. strangers, foreigners, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, the vulgar, the common herd: the Gentiles, Refs __III with Verbs of motion, ῥίπτειν ἐ. to throw out, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐ. ε; ={ἔξιθι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; χώρει ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ δ᾽ ἐ. ἔλθοις if thou transgressest, Refs 5th c.BC+

Included with: μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ. __A __A.I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the Epic dialect and Ionic dialect form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where Attic dialect used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Refs 8th c.BC+: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός Refs 8th c.BC+; γε μέν, compare γε Refs __A.I.2 an answering clause with δέ is sometimes implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ᾽ ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [but all others easily], Refs 8th c.BC+; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [but as I believe not], Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), Refs 5th c.BC+; so νῦν μέν σ᾽ ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Refs 3rd c.BC+: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Refs 8th c.BC+; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence with the person pronoun, ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (i.e. θέλω) Refs 5th c.BC+: with the demonstrative pronoun, τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Refs 5th c.BC+ great indeed has been the change, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.I.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεο; Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II μέν followed by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less frequently in later Gr. (rare in NT __A.II.1 μέν.., δέ.. (or when the correlative clause is negative, μέν.., οὐδέ.., Refs 8th c.BC+, to mark opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are frequently separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Refs 8th c.BC+; in Refs 5th c.BC+ in <Refs __A.II.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ.., at one time.., at another.., Refs ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ..; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., etc. __A.II.3 the principal word is frequently repeated, οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ᾽ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.4 one of the correlative clauses is sometimes independent, while the other takes the participle or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ b. __A.II.5 μέν and δέ frequently oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, Refs 5th c.BC+: so in an anacoluthon, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but frequently by other equivalent Particles, as ἀλλά, Refs 8th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ —rarely by μήν with negative, οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.6.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sometimes strengthened, as ὅμως δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; δ᾽ αὖ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; δ᾽ ἔμπης.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6.c μέν is sometimes answered by a copulative Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντοRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.: rarely in Prose, τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B μέν before other Particles: __B.I where each Particle retains its force, __B.I.1 μὲν ἄρα, in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2 μὲν γάρ Refs 8th c.BC+ there is frequently no second clause, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail, Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 μὲν δή Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently used to express positive certainty, ἀλλ᾽ οἶσθα μὲν δή Refs 5th c.BC+; especially as a conclusion, τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+: in closing a statement, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὔ τι μὲν δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.5 μὲν οὖν, see below 11.2. __B.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense, __B.II.1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.), τοῦτο μέν γ᾽ ἤδη σαφές Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 μὲν οὖν is frequently used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Refs 8th c.BC+: but frequently also absolutely, so then, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in replies, sometimes in strong affirmation, παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Refs 5th c.BC+; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμω; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Refs 5th c.BC+; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν.. nay on mine, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare οὐμενοῦν: in “NT” μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε", to begin a sentence, yea rather, NT+5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε.., Refs 8th c.BC+; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ,Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps by ἠδέ, Refs 8th c.BC+ absolutely, when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.4 μέν τοι in Refs 8th c.BC+ always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dative of the pronoun: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used: __B.II.4.a with a conjunctive force, yet, nevertheless, Refs 5th c.BC+; and sometimes stands for δέ, answering to μέν, see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.4.b as an adverb, in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ ΔίαRefs 4th c.BC+; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι..; Answ. φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Refs 5th c.BC+; why, are you not.. ? Refs; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦ; nay what was the first? Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺ μέντοι.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ only take heed.., Refs 5th c.BC+ nay it would be absurd, Refs 5th c.BC+; summing up a long temporal clause, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.c μέντοι γε Refs 5th c.BC+ stands first in the sentence, μ. οὐ θέλω Refs 1st c.AD+; also γε μέντοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Refs 5th c.BC+; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι.. and of course to take care.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, Refs 5th c.BC+; well, of course, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare μέντον. __C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle. __D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usually stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐλεύθερον λόγον Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+, even when these do not stand first: sometimes however it precedes them, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+. It generally stands between the Article and Noun, or the preposition and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sometimes neglected, as οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν.. Refs 5th c.BC+. __D.II μέν is frequently repeated: __D.II.1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.2 in apodosi with the demonstrative pronoun or adverb, τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶναRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.3 μέν used absolutely is frequently followed by a correlative μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Refs __D.III μέν is sometimes omitted (especially in Poetry) where it is implied in the following δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ᾽ ὄπισθε διώκων Refs 8th c.BC+

† II. לָהֵן conj. except, but (from לָא and הֵן ‘not if’ (cf. Heb. אם לא Gn 24:38); so Nab. and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocinArabic Dial. v. Marokko 44, Anm. 103; 𝔗 אִילָּהֵין Gn 32:28; 43:3 al.);— 1. after a neg. (= BH כִּי אִם, q.v.): a. except Dn 2:11; 3:28; 6:6, 8, 13. b. but (Germ. sondern) Dn 2:30. 2. without a neg.: however, but Ezr 5:12.

καθότι, Ionic dialect κατ-, for καθ᾽ ὅ τι (which should perhaps be written) in what manner, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. γέγραπται as is written, Refs 3rd c.BC+, etc.; so far as, inasmuch as, Refs 2nd c.BC+

Included with: ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (sometimes written ὅ, τι to distinct it from ὅτι, that): Refs 8th c.BC+ has also the masculine collateral form ὅτις Refs 8th c.BC+ and Ionic dialect and Refs 4th c.AD+ and the neuter ὅττι Refs 8th c.BC+—In some forms only the second part is inflected, i.e. genitive ὅτου Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect ὅττεο Refs 8th c.BC+[same place], contraction ὅττευ Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps also in Ionic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect ὅτεῳ Refs 8th c.BC+, and as disyllable, Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect accusative ὅτινα Refs 8th c.BC+; Delph. dative ὅτινι Refs 3rd c.BC+; neuter ὅτινα Refs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect ὅτων Refs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect ὅτοισι Refs 8th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect ὄττινας Refs 7th c.BC+: of the forms with double inflexion Refs 8th c.BC+; ᾧτινι first in Refs 8th c.BC+; ᾡτινιοῦν occurs in Refs 5th c.BC+ rarely as feminine, Refs 5th c.BC+—For the Ionic dialect and Epic dialect form ἅσσα, Attic dialect ἅττα, see at {ἅσσα}.—On the concord and constructionRefs 5th c.BC+, 111.2a,b:—Radic. sense, any one who, anything which, whosoever, whichsoever; ὣς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently without express antecedent, χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ Refs 8th c.BC+: hence frequently in maxims or sentiments, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. πάντ᾽ ἀνὴρ εὐδαιμονεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+; οὗτος βέλτιστος ἂν εἴη, ὅ... Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔστιν ὅ., frequently with a negative, οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν.. ἡγήσαιτο Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰσὶν οἵτινες Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ.. everything, Refs 5th c.BC+, but only in singular, ἅπας δὲ τραχὺς ὅ. ἂν νέον κρατῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; but πᾶσιν.. ὅστις ἐρωτᾷ Refs __II referring to a definite object, properly only when a general notion is implied, Πολυκράτεα.., δι᾽ ὅντινα κακῶς ἤκουσε, not the man through whom, but one through whom.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τελευταῖόν σε προσβλέψαιμι νῦν, ὅστις πέφασμαι φύς τ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ὧν οὐ χρῆν may I see thee now for the last time, I who am one born from sinful parentage, Refs 5th c.BC+; but in quite definite sense, βωμόν, ὅστις νῦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεώς ἐστι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ἐφ᾽ ὅτῳ, ={ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε}, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III in indirect questions, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔσπετε νῦν μοι, Μοῦσαι, ὅς τις δὴ κτλ. who it was that..,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλὰ τίς γὰρ ε;—ὅστις; πολίτης χρηστός Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 rare and late in direct questions, ὅ τι ἐστὶ τὸ ἐμποδίζον ; Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἀνθ᾽ ὅτου.. ; = why? Refs 4th c.AD+-C.; compare ὅπως. __IV limited or made more indefinite by the addition of Particles: __IV.1 ὅστις γε being one who (compare ὅσγε), Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 ὅστις δή (see. δή IV. Refsto some one or other of the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; so __IV.2.b ὁστισοῦν, ὁτιοῦν anybody (anything) whatsoever, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἷς ὁστισοῦν any one person, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν not the least mite, nothing whatsoever, Refs 6th c.BC+: rarely, = whoever (whatever), as subject of a verb, ὁτιοῦν ἔτυχε τῶν ἐπὶ μέρους (variant{ὅτι ἄν}) Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.2.c ὁστισδηποτοῦν Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.2.d so also ὅστις alone, Refs 5th c.BC+ none at all, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.3 ὅστις ποτε whoever, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.4 ὅστις περ (compare ὅσπερ), mostly in neuter, ὅ τι πέρ ἐστ᾽ ὄφελος Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.5 ὅστις τε, where τε is otiose as in ὅστε, Refs 8th c.BC+ __V neuter ὅ τι used absolutely as a conjunction, see at {ὅ τι}. __VI ἐξ ὅτου from which time, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπ᾽ ὅτευ since.., Refs 5th c.BC+; so ἕως ὅτου until.., NT __VI.2 from what cause, Refs 5th c.BC+

† בְּרַם adv. with advers. force, only, nevertheless (der. uncertain: Nö M 202 = מָא + בָּר, lit. except what: 𝔗 בְּרַם often for אַךְ, אוּלָם; Syriac ܒܪܰܡ Ex 9:16; 21:21, and in NT for πλήν; Chr-Pal. ܒܪܢ, ܒܪܝܢ );—Dn 2:28; 4:12 hew down the tree, etc., בְּרַם … שְׁבֻקוּ only leave the stump, etc., v 20; 5:17; Ezr 5:13.

ὅμως, conjunction (from ὁμῶς, with changed accent), all the same, nevertheless, used to limit whole clauses, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ (unless it is read in Refs 8th c.BC+; κοὐκ ἐπίδηλος ὅ. and yet not so as to be observed, Refs 6th c.BC+ but still, but for all that, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. μήν (Doric dialect μάν) Refs 5th c.BC+ __II frequently in apodosi after καὶ εἰ (κεἰ) or καὶ ἐάν (κἄν), κεἰ τὸ μηδὲν ἐξερῶ, φράσω δ᾽ ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+; λέξον.., κεἰ στένεις ὅ., i.e. κεἰ στένεις, ὅ. λέξον, Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes it even stands in the protasis, ἐρημία με, κεἰ δίκαι᾽ ὅ. λέγω, σμικρὸν τίθησι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 the protasis is frequently replaced by a participle, ὕστεροι ἀπικόμενοι ἱμείροντο ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κλῦθί μου νοσῶν ὅ. (i. e. εἰ νοσεῖς ὅ. κλῦθι) Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.3 where the protasis does not contain a verb, ἀπάλαμόν περ ὅ. (variant{ὁμῶς}) ἐπὶ ἔργον ἐγείρει Refs 8th c.BC+ __III used to break off a speech, however.., Refs 4th c.BC+; to refer to something previously said or to the general situation, after all, in spite of all, Refs 5th c.BC+

παρεκτός, adverb besides or except for a thing, with genitive, NT __II absolutely, χωρὶς τῶν π. besides things external, NT

שֶׁ· also (†Gn 6:3 [? v. 4 a], Ju 5:7(×2) Ct 1:7 Jb 19:29 [?]) שַׁ·, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה †Ju 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא †Ec 2:22, שְׁהֵם †3:18 (elsewhere before gutt. שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי †Ct 1:6; Ec 2:18, שֶׁאֵין †ψ 146:3, שֶׁהֵם †Ct 6:5; La 4:9, שֶׁעַל †Ju 7:12; 8:26, שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי †Ct 5:2) rel.part. who, which, that, etc. (constantly in NH; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian šâ; Ph. אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbrev. from אֲשֶׁר; more prob. (Sperling [v. אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstr. part.), syn. with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Heb., and passages with N. Palest. colouring, viz. †Ju 5:7(×2) [אֲשֶׁר v 27], 6:17; 7:12; 8:26; 2 K 6:11 (v. 4 c), Jon 1:7, 12; 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 times], ψ 122:3, 4; 123:2; 124:1, 2, 6; 129:6, 7; 133:2, 3; 135:2, 8, 10; 136:23; 137:8, 9; 144:15; 146:3, 5; La 2:15, 16; 4:9; 5:18 Ezr 8:20; 1 Ch 5:20; 27:27, Ct (uniformly, except in title 1:1), Ec (68 times; אֲשֶׁר 89 times); also (dub.) Gn 6:3; 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗), Jb 19:29; and in the n.pr. (q.v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל.—In usage, שֶׁ· is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, viz. 1. as pron. who, which, whom, Ju 7:12 כַּחוֹל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (cf. חוֹל c), ψ 122:3; 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Ct 1:7; 3:1; 1 Ch 27:27; Ec 1:11; 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (vb.) is that which his days amount to (Hi De al.), v 10; הוּא שֶׁ· that which 1:9(×2); in the genit., אַשְׁרֵי שֶׁ· †ψ 137:8, 9; 146:5.—On מַה־שֶּׁ· in Ec = whatever, what, v. מָה" dir="rtl" >מָה 1 e b. 2. as a connecting link; = where (cf. אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ· †Ec 1:7; 11:3 (cf. מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר Gn 39:20 +: Ges§ 130 c), whither ψ 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם …), when Ct 8:8; Ec 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁם (cf. ib. 4 b a). 3. as a conj. (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8);— a. that, after רָאָה Ec 2:13; 3:18, יָדַע 1:17; 2:14; 9:5 Jb 19:19 (? v. p. 192b), דִּבֶּר Ec 2:15, אָמַר 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Ju 6:17; as subj. of sentence, Ec 3:13; 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is … that? Ct 5:9 (usually כִּי; v. מָה 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ· how comes it that …? Ec 7:10; (b) Ct 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (Germ. kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ec 7:14 עַל דִּבְרַת שֶׁלֹא יִמְצָא to the intent that …, 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as …, 12:9 יֹתֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ· (עד שַׁ· †Ju 5:7) until that ψ 123:2; Ct 2:7, 17 + (v. III. עַד II 1 a a and b; cf. NH Yoma 5:1), while 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ· to make or cause that …, †Ec 3:14 (cf. Ez 36:27). b. involving a reason (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Ct 1:6(×2); 5:2; Ec 2:18b. Hence שַׁלָּמָה †Ct 1:7 since why? = lest (v. מָה 4 d b). 4. compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ·, i.q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ec 2:16; also (according to MT 𝔊 𝔖 Hu De) Gn 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but v. שָׁגַג" dir="rtl" >שָׁגַג. b. כְּשֶׁ·, i.q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455:—(a) according as Ec 5:14; 12:7; (b) when (so often NH, as Ab 1:8(×3), 14) 9:12; 10:3. c. מִשֶּׁ·, i.q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84a), 2 K 6:11 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kamp Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us? cf. 𝔊); Ec 5:4 than that (cf. מֵאֲשֶׁר 3:22), + 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; cf. 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁר לְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genit.: thrice, adding slight emph. to the sf., Ct 1:6 = 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (lit. my vineyard, which is mine), 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in NH, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיו שׁל־אהרן be of Aaron’s disciples, 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל־מִצְוֹת, v 2, 3:2 הֲרֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁל־מלכות; cf. ܕܺܝܠ in Syriac, as Lk 6:42 ܡܶܠܱܵܝ ܕܺܝܠܝ my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל lit. through that which belongs to or concerns, pleon. for on account of (a late, unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onḳ Gn 12:13 בדילי on my account, 30:27; 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Ju 8:1; 2 S 9:1; 1 K 11:12, 39, etc.), Jon 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? (‖ v 8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי: v. p. 84; prob. a gloss), v 12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (𝔗 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ec 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gn 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, 39:9 בְּדִיל דְ��אַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Heb. בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palm. בדיל די Ldzb233,—in Tariff 1:4 (CookeN.-Sem. Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

Included with: ἐπεί, conjunction, both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. OF TIME (ἐπειδή is more frequently in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Refs 8th c.BC+ __I with Ind., __I.1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist, ἐπεί π᾽ εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Refs 8th c.BC+after Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with imperfect, ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ᾽ Refs 5th c.BC+pluperfect, ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., Refs 4th c.BC+; but generally the aorist is found, the pluperfect being used only for special emphasis: with imperfect to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, ={ἐξ οὗ}, from the time when, since, mostly with aorist, πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Refs 5th c.BC+present (used in perfect sense) and perfect, ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with Subj., ἄν being always added in Attic dialect Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Comedy texts, Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἐπεάν Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1 referring to future time with future apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Refs 8th c.BC+; ταῦτ᾽, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ᾽ ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., Refs 8th c.BC+; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of repeated action, with a present apodosis, whenever, when once, δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, Refs κε in Poets, ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 like Refs 4th c.BC+ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, Refs __III with Opt. (without ἄν): __III.1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (i.e. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 more frequently of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) Refs 5th c.BC+; after optative in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο, ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 by assimilation to optative in principal clause, ἦ τ᾽ ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.5 ἐπειδάν with optative is falsa lectio in some passages of early authors, as Refs 5th c.BC+: found in later Gr., Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV with Inf., only in indirect speech, ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (i.e. ἔφη) Refs 5th c.BC+ __V with other words: __V.1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, frequently separated by a word, ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.1.b ἐ. τὰ πρῶτα Refs 8th c.BC+ __V.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B CAUSAL (ἐπεί more frequently in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, Refsinasmuch as, NT.Luke.1.1), since, seeing that, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses), ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with past tenses with ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ᾽ ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ᾽ ἄν Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ᾽· ἐπεὶ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔχοντ᾽ (i.e. εἷλεν) Refs 5th c.BC+: especially in the sense, for otherwise.., Refs 5th c.BC+future, ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Refs for teach me, Refs 5th c.BC+: with an interrogative, ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσεια; for how would you call him? Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 with Opt., ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Refs 8th c.BC+; so after past tenses on the principle of indirect speech, ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 with Inf. in indirect speech, ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ᾽ εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Refs 5th c.BC+; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον Refsand yet, although, compare Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4.b sometimes after a vocative, where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ᾽ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Refs 8th c.BC+ since indeed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδή γεRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ἦ since in truth, ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειδήπερ in Comedy texts and Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τοι since surely, Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes begins a verse in Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. כִּי n.[m.] burning, branding (for form, cf. רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Köii. 1. 64)—only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Is 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.

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