H0403 H0403
surely, certainly, indeed (asseverative); but, nevertheless, however (adversative)
Senses
1. surely, certainly, indeed (asseverative) — The adverb 'aken' used as an emphatic asseverative particle meaning 'surely, certainly, indeed, truly,' affirming the truth or reality of a statement. This is the primary and dominant sense (16 of 18 occurrences). Multilingual evidence is strongly consistent: eng: surely/Surely, spa: Ciertamente/ciertamente, arb: حَقًّا, hin: सचमुच / निश्चय–ही, kor: 참으로 / 확실히, swa: hakika / kweli. The semantic core is epistemic certainty and emphatic affirmation. 16×
AR["بَلْ","حَقًّا","حَقّاً","لَكِنْ"]·ben["অবশ্য","অবশ্যই","তবুও","নিশ্চয়","নিশ্চয়ই","নিশ্চিত","সত্যই","সত্যি","সত্যিই"]·DE["[אכן]","fuerwahr","gewiss","wahrlich"]·EN["But-surely","Surely","surely"]·FR["certainement","certes","en-vérité","אכן"]·heb["אכן"]·HI["निश्चय","निश्चय-ही","परंतु-निश्चय","फिर-भी","लेकिन","सचचि","सचमुच","सचमूच"]·ID["Sesungguhnya","Sungguh","Tetapi","pasti","sesungguhnya"]·IT["certamente"]·jav["Nanging-saestú","Nanging-sanget","Nanging-saèstu","Saestu","Sanyata","Sayektos","Saèstu","leres","saestu","sayektos","sayektosipun"]·KO["모세가","정녕","진실로","참으로","확실히"]·PT["Certamente","Verdadeiramente","certamente","contudo"]·RU["Воистину","Но-действительно","Поистине","воистину","иначе","истинно","но","но-воистину","поистине"]·ES["Ciertamente","Verdaderamente","ciertamente"]·SW["Hakika","Kweli","hakika","kwa-kweli","kweli","lakini"]·TR["Ancak","Gercekten","Gerçekten","Kesinlikle","gercekten","gerçekten","kesinlikle"]·urd["بے-شک","لیکن","یقیناً"]
2. but, nevertheless, however (adversative) — The adverb 'aken' used as an adversative or contrastive particle meaning 'but, nevertheless, however,' introducing a counter-expectation or concessive statement. Though etymologically the same word, the adversative function creates a distinct pragmatic sense. Multilingual translations shift decisively away from 'surely' toward contrastive markers: eng: but / nevertheless, spa: pero / Sin-embargo, arb: لٰكِنْ (lakin = but), hin: परन्तु (parantu = but), kor: 그러나–정녕, swa: kwa–kweli / Lakini (= but/however). 2×
AR["لٰكِنْ"]·ben["কিন্তু","তবুও"]·DE["[אכן]","nevertheless"]·EN["but","nevertheless"]·FR["certes","en-vérité"]·heb["אכן"]·HI["परन्तु"]·ID["Namun","namun"]·IT["certamente","invero"]·jav["Nanging","sayektos"]·KO["그러나-정녕","참으로"]·PT["Todavia","verdadeiramente"]·RU["но"]·ES["Sin-embargo","pero"]·SW["Lakini","kwa-kweli"]·TR["ancak","gerçekten"]·urd["لیکن"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אָכֵן (perh. from אַךְ; cf. Aramaic דֵּךְ & דִּכֵּן) adv. with strong asseverative force: a. surely, truly, especially at beginning of a speech (stronger & more decided than אַךְ) Gn 28:16 Ex 2:14 1 S 15:32 Is 40:7; 45:15 Je 3:23(×2); 4:10; 8:8. In 1 K 11:2 אָכֵן stands unusually; and פֶּן־ (cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 should prob. be read (so Klo). b. emphasizing a contrast, but indeed, but in fact,…