Affirmation Particles

μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ. __A __A.I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the Epic dialect and Ionic dialect form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where Attic dialect used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Refs 8th c.BC+: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός Refs 8th c.BC+; γε μέν, compare γε Refs __A.I.2 an answering clause with δέ is sometimes implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ᾽ ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [but all others easily], Refs 8th c.BC+; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [but as I believe not], Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), Refs 5th c.BC+; so νῦν μέν σ᾽ ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Refs 3rd c.BC+: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Refs 8th c.BC+; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence with the person pronoun, ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (i.e. θέλω) Refs 5th c.BC+: with the demonstrative pronoun, τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Refs 5th c.BC+ great indeed has been the change, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.I.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεο; Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II μέν followed by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less frequently in later Gr. (rare in NT __A.II.1 μέν.., δέ.. (or when the correlative clause is negative, μέν.., οὐδέ.., Refs 8th c.BC+, to mark opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are frequently separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Refs 8th c.BC+; in Refs 5th c.BC+ in <Refs __A.II.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ.., at one time.., at another.., Refs ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ..; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., etc. __A.II.3 the principal word is frequently repeated, οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ᾽ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.4 one of the correlative clauses is sometimes independent, while the other takes the participle or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ b. __A.II.5 μέν and δέ frequently oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, Refs 5th c.BC+: so in an anacoluthon, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but frequently by other equivalent Particles, as ἀλλά, Refs 8th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ —rarely by μήν with negative, οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.6.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sometimes strengthened, as ὅμως δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; δ᾽ αὖ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; δ᾽ ἔμπης.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6.c μέν is sometimes answered by a copulative Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντοRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.: rarely in Prose, τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B μέν before other Particles: __B.I where each Particle retains its force, __B.I.1 μὲν ἄρα, in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2 μὲν γάρ Refs 8th c.BC+ there is frequently no second clause, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail, Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 μὲν δή Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently used to express positive certainty, ἀλλ᾽ οἶσθα μὲν δή Refs 5th c.BC+; especially as a conclusion, τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+: in closing a statement, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὔ τι μὲν δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.5 μὲν οὖν, see below 11.2. __B.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense, __B.II.1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.), τοῦτο μέν γ᾽ ἤδη σαφές Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 μὲν οὖν is frequently used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Refs 8th c.BC+: but frequently also absolutely, so then, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in replies, sometimes in strong affirmation, παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Refs 5th c.BC+; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμω; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Refs 5th c.BC+; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν.. nay on mine, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare οὐμενοῦν: in “NT” μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε", to begin a sentence, yea rather, NT+5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε.., Refs 8th c.BC+; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ,Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps by ἠδέ, Refs 8th c.BC+ absolutely, when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.4 μέν τοι in Refs 8th c.BC+ always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dative of the pronoun: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used: __B.II.4.a with a conjunctive force, yet, nevertheless, Refs 5th c.BC+; and sometimes stands for δέ, answering to μέν, see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.4.b as an adverb, in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ ΔίαRefs 4th c.BC+; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι..; Answ. φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Refs 5th c.BC+; why, are you not.. ? Refs; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦ; nay what was the first? Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺ μέντοι.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ only take heed.., Refs 5th c.BC+ nay it would be absurd, Refs 5th c.BC+; summing up a long temporal clause, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.c μέντοι γε Refs 5th c.BC+ stands first in the sentence, μ. οὐ θέλω Refs 1st c.AD+; also γε μέντοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Refs 5th c.BC+; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι.. and of course to take care.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, Refs 5th c.BC+; well, of course, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare μέντον. __C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle. __D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usually stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐλεύθερον λόγον Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+, even when these do not stand first: sometimes however it precedes them, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+. It generally stands between the Article and Noun, or the preposition and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sometimes neglected, as οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν.. Refs 5th c.BC+. __D.II μέν is frequently repeated: __D.II.1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.2 in apodosi with the demonstrative pronoun or adverb, τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶναRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.3 μέν used absolutely is frequently followed by a correlative μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Refs __D.III μέν is sometimes omitted (especially in Poetry) where it is implied in the following δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ᾽ ὄπισθε διώκων Refs 8th c.BC+

אַךְ159 adv. (perh. from the same demonstr. root found also in כִּי, כֹּה, כֵּן). 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit; b. in contrast with other ideas generally, only. 1. asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, especially in colloquial language, surely, no doubt; Gn 26:9 אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא of a surety, lo, she is thy wife! 29:14; 44:28 Ju 3:24; 20:39 1 S 16:6 surely the anointed of י׳ is before him! 25:21 Je 5:4 ψ 58:12; 73:1, 13; but also in other cases, though rarely, Is 34:14, 15 Zp 3:7 ψ 23:6; 139:11; 140:14 Jb 16:7; 18:21; & rather singularly Ex 12:15; 31:13 Lv 23:27, 39 (all P). 2. restrictive: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit, yet, but: Gn 9:4 howbeit, flesh with the life thereof … ye shall not eat, 20:12 Ex 21:21 Lv 21:23; 27:26 Nu 18:15, 17 2 S 3:13; Je 10:24 correct me, אַךְ בְּמִשְׁפָּט but with judgment, Jb 2:6; 13:15; sts. with an advers. force, as Is 14:15; 43:24; before an imper. (minimizing the request), Gn 23:13 only, if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me! 27:13 Ju 10:15 1 S 18:17 1 K 17:13 al. So 1 S 8:9 אַךְ כִּי (v. כִּי 1 d; and cf. πλὴν ὅτι). b. in contrast to other ideas generally:—(α) Gn 7:23; 18:32 אַךְ הַפַּעַם only this once (so Ex 10:17 al.) 34:15 Ex 12:16 (note accents), 1 S 18:8 וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ הַמְּלוּכָה and there yet remains for him only the kingdom, 21:5 Isa 45:14 אַךְ בְּךָ אֵל only in thee is God! ψ 62:2 etc. Jb 14:22; ψ 37:8 fret not thyself אַךְ לְהָרֵעַ (which leadeth) only to do evil, Pr 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet אַךְ לְמַחְסוֹר (tendeth) only to penury, 14:23; 21:5; 22:16; (β) attaching itself closely to the foll. word (usually an adj., rarely a verb), only, i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly Dt 16:15 and thou shalt be אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ altogether rejoicing, 28:29 (cf. v 33 רַק) Isa 16:7 אַךְ נְכָאִים utterly stricken, 19:11 Je 16:19 nought but lies, 32:30 Ho 12:12 Jb 19:13 אַךְ זָרוּ are wholly estranged (with play on אַכְזָר cruel). c. as an adv. of time (with inf. abs.), twice: Gn 27:30 אַךְ יָצֹא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב … וְעֵשָׂו בָּא only just (or scarcely) had Jacob gone out, … and (= when) Esau came in, Ju 7:19.—וְאַךְ thrice: Gn 9:5 and only (second limitation of v 3); Nu 22:20 but only; Jos 22:19 but howbeit. Note. —In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but, altogether, is adopted by Ges Ew Hi De in ψ 23:6; 62:10; 73:1, 13; by Ew Hi De in 39:6, 7 (Che surely); by Ges Ew De in 39:12 (but Hi Che surely); by Ew Hi in 73:18 (De Che surely); by Ges Hi De in 139:11 (Ew doch). Isa 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di only; but De Che of a truth.

ἀμήν, Hebrew adverb verily, of a truth, so be it, LXX; at beginning of sentence, NT

† אָמֵן adv. verily, truly Dt 27:15–26 (12 times) 1 K 1:36 Ne 5:13 Je 11:5; 28:6 & doxologies 1 Ch 16:36 (= ψ 106:48); אָמֵן (ו)אָמֵן Nu 5:22 (P) Ne 8:6, & in the doxologies ψ 41:14; 72:19; 89:53; 106:48. ἀμήν = Amen: אֱלֹהֵי אָמֵן Is 65:16(×2) God of Amen De Che RVm; cf. Rev 3:14, or God of faithfulness, God of truth (RV) (perhaps read אֹמֶן Che Di).

Included with: ἀληθ-ής [ᾰ], Doric dialect ἀλᾱθής, ές, (λήθω, ={λανθάνω}: ἀληθὲς τὸ μὴ λήθῃ ὑποπῖπτονRefs:—unconcealed, so true, real, opposed to false, apparent: __I Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χρᾶσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 of persons, etc., truthful, honest (not in Refs 8th c.BC+; οἶνος ἀ. `in vino veritas', Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 of oracles, true, unerring, ἀλαθέα μαντίων θῶκονRefs 5th c.BC+; of dreams, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of qualities or events, true, real, φίλοςRefs 5th c.BC+; genuine, ἀ. εἶναι δεῖ τὸ σεμνόν, οὐ κενόνRefs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 realizing itself, coming to fulfilment, ἀράRefs 4th c.BC+ __III adverb ἀληθῶς, Ionic dialect -θέως, truly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.b actually, in reality, γένος τόδε Ζηνός ἐστιν ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἀ. μουσικήν (i.e. οὖσαν) Refs 4th c.BC+ —ὡς ἀ. in the true way, really, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -εστέρωςRefs 5th c.BC+ -έστερον Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -έσταταRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 neuter as adverb, proparoxytone ἄληθε; indeed? really? ironically, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 τὸ ἀληθές truly, Ionic dialect τὠληθέςRefs 3rd c.BC+ __B not forgetting, careful, γυνὴ χερνῆτις ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+:—the sense honest is post- Refs 8th c.BC+ ἀληθ-ίζω, dye with genuine purple, Refs __B.II middle -ίζομαι, ={ἀληθεύω}, Refs 5th c.BC+

† אָכֵן (perh. from אַךְ; cf. Aramaic דֵּךְ & דִּכֵּן) adv. with strong asseverative force: a. surely, truly, especially at beginning of a speech (stronger & more decided than אַךְ) Gn 28:16 Ex 2:14 1 S 15:32 Is 40:7; 45:15 Je 3:23(×2); 4:10; 8:8. In 1 K 11:2 אָכֵן stands unusually; and פֶּן־ (cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 should prob. be read (so Klo). b. emphasizing a contrast, but indeed, but in fact, especially after אָמַרְתִּי I said or thought, expressing the reality, in opp. to what had been wrongly imagined, Is 49:4b (opp. to v 4a) 53:4 (opp. to v 3 end) Je 3:20 (opp. to the expectation v 19b) Zp 3:7b ψ 31:23b (opp. to v 23a) 66:19 82:7 (opp. to v 6) Jb 32:8 (opp. to v 7).

γε, Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows. __I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them,Refs; ὅ γ᾽ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, Refs 5th c.BC+ not even two, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 with Pronouns: with pronoun of 1st pers. Refs 8th c.BC+; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as..,Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with interrogative Pronouns, τίνα γε.. εἶπας ;Refs 5th c.BC+; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sometimes repeated, οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ᾽ ἄν, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, Refs 5th c.BC+; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; ὥστε γε (variant{ὥς γε}), with infinitive, so far at least as to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, Refs 5th c.BC+:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, Refs; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, Refs 5th c.BC+; καίτοι γε, see at {καί το; ἀλλά γε} (without intervening words) is falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλά γε δή uncertain in Refs 1st c.AD+ __I.5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sometimes modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect γε μέν Refs 8th c.BC+ frequently strengthens an assertion, Refs 5th c.BC+; γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, Refs 5th c.BC+; γέ που at all events, any how, Refs 5th c.BC+; for γε οὖν, see at {γοῦν}. __II exercising an influence over the whole clause: __II.1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Refs 8th c.BC+; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, Refs any man—at least any wise man, Refs; frequently preceded by καί, usually with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besides that.., Refs 4th c.BC+; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον LXX; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν NT+5th c.BC+ __II.2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Refs 5th c.BC+; κενὸν τόδ᾽ ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ᾽ ἔνδυτα.. yes indeed, your clothes, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ᾽ ἂν γένοιο γ᾽ ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., Refs 5th c.BC+; πάνυ γε yes certainly, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, Refs; sometimes preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, Refs; sometimes ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 to heighten a contrast or opposition, __II.3.a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ᾽.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε.. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., Refs 8th c.BC+ {γέα}; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ.. Refs 8th c.BC+: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λαβεῖν uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ᾽ variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτ; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), Refs 5th c.BC+ __III γε frequently repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, seeRefs 5th c.BC+; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is frequently placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος Refs 5th c.BC+; or the preposition, κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ δέ γεRefs; frequently in retorts, ἁμές ποκ᾽ ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ᾽ εἰμές Refs; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ᾽, ὡς ἐγῷμαι Refs 4th c.BC+

† אֲבָל adv. 1. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 2 S 14:5 1 K 1:43 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P). 2. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr 10:13 2 Ch 1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf. Arabic بَلْ of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.)

ὄντως, adverb participle of εἰμί (sum), really, actually, verily, with Verbs, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄντως τε καὶ ἀληθῶς really and truly, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to to ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; to εἰκότως, Refs 5th c.BC+participle ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν, to imply real existence, Refs: also with Nouns, τὰ ὄντως ἀγαθά Refs 5th c.BC+; more freq in the later dialogues of Refs 5th c.BC+

πάντως, adverb, (πᾶς) in all ways, ἄλλως τε π. καὶ.., i.e. especially (since).., Refs 8th c.BC+, in no wise, by no means, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔδεε πάντως it was absolutely necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+. ; π. θελῆσαι to wish at all hazards, Refs; εἰ π. ἐλεύσονται if they positively will go, Refs; π. κου πυνθάνεαι no doubt, Refs: with an adjective, π. ἀναρίστητος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in strong affirmations, at all events, at any rate, NT+5th c.BC+; assuredly, opposed to ἴσως, Refs 4th c.AD+; παρήγγειλά σοι ὅτι μὴ ἀπέλθῃς.., καὶ ἀπῆλθες π. and you did (emphatic), Refs 3rd c.AD+; τάχ᾽ οὖν.. μᾶλλον δὲ π. nay rather I am sure, Refs 3rd c.BC+; π. ὅτι.. evidently because.., Refs 5th c.AD+ (but, it follows that.., Refs __II.2 with imperative, in command or entreaty, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ ἐμοὶ πείθεσθε π. do but obey me, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. παρατίθετε just put on the table, Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ τὸ ἱερεῖον δὲ π. ἡμῖν ἀπόστειλον be sure to send.., Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 in answers, by all means, no doubt, Refs 5th c.BC+; πάντως γάρ.. Refs 5th c.BC+

† אָמְנָם adv. (= אֻמְנָם) verily, truly, in asseverations 2 K 19:17 (= Is 37:18) Jb 19:4, 5; 34:12; 36:4 Ru 3:12, also ironical Jb 9:2; 12:2.

Included with: μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ. __A __A.I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the Epic dialect and Ionic dialect form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where Attic dialect used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Refs 8th c.BC+: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός Refs 8th c.BC+; γε μέν, compare γε Refs __A.I.2 an answering clause with δέ is sometimes implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ᾽ ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [but all others easily], Refs 8th c.BC+; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [but as I believe not], Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), Refs 5th c.BC+; so νῦν μέν σ᾽ ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Refs 3rd c.BC+: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Refs 8th c.BC+; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence with the person pronoun, ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (i.e. θέλω) Refs 5th c.BC+: with the demonstrative pronoun, τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Refs 5th c.BC+ great indeed has been the change, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.I.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεο; Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II μέν followed by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less frequently in later Gr. (rare in NT __A.II.1 μέν.., δέ.. (or when the correlative clause is negative, μέν.., οὐδέ.., Refs 8th c.BC+, to mark opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are frequently separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Refs 8th c.BC+; in Refs 5th c.BC+ in <Refs __A.II.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ.., at one time.., at another.., Refs ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ..; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., etc. __A.II.3 the principal word is frequently repeated, οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ᾽ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.4 one of the correlative clauses is sometimes independent, while the other takes the participle or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ b. __A.II.5 μέν and δέ frequently oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, Refs 5th c.BC+: so in an anacoluthon, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but frequently by other equivalent Particles, as ἀλλά, Refs 8th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ —rarely by μήν with negative, οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.6.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sometimes strengthened, as ὅμως δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; δ᾽ αὖ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; δ᾽ ἔμπης.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6.c μέν is sometimes answered by a copulative Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντοRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.: rarely in Prose, τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B μέν before other Particles: __B.I where each Particle retains its force, __B.I.1 μὲν ἄρα, in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2 μὲν γάρ Refs 8th c.BC+ there is frequently no second clause, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail, Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 μὲν δή Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently used to express positive certainty, ἀλλ᾽ οἶσθα μὲν δή Refs 5th c.BC+; especially as a conclusion, τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+: in closing a statement, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὔ τι μὲν δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.5 μὲν οὖν, see below 11.2. __B.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense, __B.II.1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.), τοῦτο μέν γ᾽ ἤδη σαφές Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 μὲν οὖν is frequently used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Refs 8th c.BC+: but frequently also absolutely, so then, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in replies, sometimes in strong affirmation, παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Refs 5th c.BC+; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμω; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Refs 5th c.BC+; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν.. nay on mine, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare οὐμενοῦν: in “NT” μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε", to begin a sentence, yea rather, NT+5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε.., Refs 8th c.BC+; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ,Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps by ἠδέ, Refs 8th c.BC+ absolutely, when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.4 μέν τοι in Refs 8th c.BC+ always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dative of the pronoun: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used: __B.II.4.a with a conjunctive force, yet, nevertheless, Refs 5th c.BC+; and sometimes stands for δέ, answering to μέν, see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.4.b as an adverb, in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ ΔίαRefs 4th c.BC+; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι..; Answ. φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Refs 5th c.BC+; why, are you not.. ? Refs; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦ; nay what was the first? Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺ μέντοι.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ only take heed.., Refs 5th c.BC+ nay it would be absurd, Refs 5th c.BC+; summing up a long temporal clause, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.c μέντοι γε Refs 5th c.BC+ stands first in the sentence, μ. οὐ θέλω Refs 1st c.AD+; also γε μέντοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Refs 5th c.BC+; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι.. and of course to take care.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, Refs 5th c.BC+; well, of course, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare μέντον. __C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle. __D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usually stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐλεύθερον λόγον Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+, even when these do not stand first: sometimes however it precedes them, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+. It generally stands between the Article and Noun, or the preposition and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sometimes neglected, as οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν.. Refs 5th c.BC+. __D.II μέν is frequently repeated: __D.II.1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.2 in apodosi with the demonstrative pronoun or adverb, τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶναRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.3 μέν used absolutely is frequently followed by a correlative μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Refs __D.III μέν is sometimes omitted (especially in Poetry) where it is implied in the following δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ᾽ ὄπισθε διώκων Refs 8th c.BC+

δή, properly a temporal Particle (compare ἤδη), at this or that point: hence, now, then, already, or at length: __I in Epic dialect (rarely Lyric poetry) sometimes at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Refs 8th c.BC+, frequently with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα.. ὀϊστούς Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι.. ἐνιαυτοί full nine years, Refs; ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδ᾽ ἦμαρ this is just the sixth day, Refs 8th c.BC+ many a time and oft, often ere now,Refs 5th c.BC+; πάλαι δή, Latin jamdudum, Refs 5th c.BC+; νῦν δή just now, Refs 5th c.BC+; now at length, Refs; τότε δή at that very time, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα this very instant, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕστερον δή yet later, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, in fact, of course, certainly, ναὶ δή, ἦ δή, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ δή surely not, Refs 5th c.BC+; δῆλα δή, see at {δῆλος}; with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι Refs 8th c.BC+ they call the man a sophist as you know, Refs 8th c.BC+; γὰρ δή for manifestly, Refs 5th c.BC+participle representing Conjunction and Verb, ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες since they evidently are, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή as though she were.., Refs 8th c.BC+; also ἵνα δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+; also εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή the pretended courtesans, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 frequently placed immediately after Pronouns, ἐμὲ δή me of all persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺ δή you of all persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὗτος δή this and no other, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης, ironically, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο as the well-known saying goes, Refs 5th c.BC+; δή τις some one you know of, Refs 8th c.BC+; οἷος δὴ σύ just such as thou, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III to mark a transition, with or without inference, so, then, νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετ᾽.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV with Indef. Particles, see at {δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν}: with interrogatives, τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκ; Refs 5th c.BC+ (simply τί δ; what then? R.Refs; πότερα δ; Refs 5th c.BC+[near the start]; ποῦ δ; πῇ δ;Refs 8th c.BC+ others be they who they may, Refs 8th c.BC+; μηδεὶς δή no one at all, Refs 5th c.BC+; δή τις some one or other, Refs 5th c.BC+; the neuter δή τι is common, ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶνα; in any way, whatever it be, Refs 8th c.BC+whosoever it be, Refs; ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή, Latin quantocumque, Refs, etc.; οἵα δή γε.. Refs 8th c.BC+; so almost, ={ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον} Refs 6th c.BC+; so καὶ δή already, in fact, frequently not at the beginning of the sentence, κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθ᾽ ἅπερ εἶπας Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 to continue a narrative, frequently after μέν, then, so, τότε μὲν δὴ.. ἡσυχίην εἶχε Refs 5th c.BC+ Latin haec hactenus, Refs 5th c.BC+; in summing up numbers, γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι these then amount to Refs; in resuming after a parenthesis, Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος.., τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.2.b with imperative and subjunctive, μὴ δὴ.. ἐπιέλπεο Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή for do but consider, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.3 to express what follows a fortiori, καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή above all with arms, Refs 5th c.BC+; μή τί γε δή not to mention, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.4 καὶ δή and what is more, adding an emphatic statement, Refs 8th c.BC+; καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄ; and now what do you say? Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα yes, and actually here present, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in a series, ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή and of course riches, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.4.b καὶ δή is also used in answers, ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμ᾽ ἀφίκετ; Answ. καὶ δὴ 'πὶ δισσαῖς ἦν.. πύλαις yes, he was even so far as.., Refs 5th c.BC+; βλέψον κάτω. Answ. καὶ δὴ βλέπω well, I am looking, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρόσθιγέ νύν μου. Answ. ψαύω καὶ δή Refs 5th c.BC+; without καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ. Answ. ἐρώτα δή Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρώτα. Answ. ἐρωτῶ δή Refs __IV.4.c in assumptions or suppositions, καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι and now suppose I have accepted, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.5 δή in apodosi, after εἰ or ἐάν, Refs 8th c.BC+; after ὅτε, ἡνίκα, even then, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ἐπεί, ἐπειδάν, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ὡς, Refs 5th c.BC+already, Refs

† אֻמְנָם adv. (from אֹמֶן by aff. ָם) verily, truly, indeed, always in interrog. Gn 18:13 (J), elsewhere הַאֻמְנָם Nu 22:37 (E) 1 K 8:27 2 Ch 6:18 ψ 58:2.

Included with: μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ. __A __A.I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the Epic dialect and Ionic dialect form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where Attic dialect used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Refs 8th c.BC+: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός Refs 8th c.BC+; γε μέν, compare γε Refs __A.I.2 an answering clause with δέ is sometimes implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ᾽ ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [but all others easily], Refs 8th c.BC+; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [but as I believe not], Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), Refs 5th c.BC+; so νῦν μέν σ᾽ ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Refs 3rd c.BC+: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Refs 8th c.BC+; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence with the person pronoun, ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (i.e. θέλω) Refs 5th c.BC+: with the demonstrative pronoun, τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Refs 5th c.BC+ great indeed has been the change, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.I.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεο; Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II μέν followed by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less frequently in later Gr. (rare in NT __A.II.1 μέν.., δέ.. (or when the correlative clause is negative, μέν.., οὐδέ.., Refs 8th c.BC+, to mark opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are frequently separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Refs 8th c.BC+; in Refs 5th c.BC+ in <Refs __A.II.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Refs 8th c.BC+; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ.., at one time.., at another.., Refs ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ..; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., etc. __A.II.3 the principal word is frequently repeated, οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ᾽ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.4 one of the correlative clauses is sometimes independent, while the other takes the participle or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ b. __A.II.5 μέν and δέ frequently oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, Refs 5th c.BC+: so in an anacoluthon, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but frequently by other equivalent Particles, as ἀλλά, Refs 8th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ —rarely by μήν with negative, οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.6.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sometimes strengthened, as ὅμως δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; δ᾽ αὖ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; δ᾽ ἔμπης.. Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.6.c μέν is sometimes answered by a copulative Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντοRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.: rarely in Prose, τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B μέν before other Particles: __B.I where each Particle retains its force, __B.I.1 μὲν ἄρα, in Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.2 μὲν γάρ Refs 8th c.BC+ there is frequently no second clause, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail, Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 μὲν δή Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently used to express positive certainty, ἀλλ᾽ οἶσθα μὲν δή Refs 5th c.BC+; especially as a conclusion, τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+: in closing a statement, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὔ τι μὲν δή.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.5 μὲν οὖν, see below 11.2. __B.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense, __B.II.1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.), τοῦτο μέν γ᾽ ἤδη σαφές Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 μὲν οὖν is frequently used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Refs 8th c.BC+: but frequently also absolutely, so then, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in replies, sometimes in strong affirmation, παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Refs 5th c.BC+; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμω; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Refs 5th c.BC+; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν.. nay on mine, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare οὐμενοῦν: in “NT” μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε", to begin a sentence, yea rather, NT+5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε.., Refs 8th c.BC+; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ,Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps by ἠδέ, Refs 8th c.BC+ absolutely, when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.4 μέν τοι in Refs 8th c.BC+ always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dative of the pronoun: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used: __B.II.4.a with a conjunctive force, yet, nevertheless, Refs 5th c.BC+; and sometimes stands for δέ, answering to μέν, see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.4.b as an adverb, in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ ΔίαRefs 4th c.BC+; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι..; Answ. φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Refs 5th c.BC+; why, are you not.. ? Refs; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦ; nay what was the first? Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺ μέντοι.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ only take heed.., Refs 5th c.BC+ nay it would be absurd, Refs 5th c.BC+; summing up a long temporal clause, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.c μέντοι γε Refs 5th c.BC+ stands first in the sentence, μ. οὐ θέλω Refs 1st c.AD+; also γε μέντοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Refs 5th c.BC+; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι.. and of course to take care.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, Refs 5th c.BC+; well, of course, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare μέντον. __C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle. __D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usually stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐλεύθερον λόγον Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+, even when these do not stand first: sometimes however it precedes them, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+. It generally stands between the Article and Noun, or the preposition and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sometimes neglected, as οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν.. Refs 5th c.BC+. __D.II μέν is frequently repeated: __D.II.1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.2 in apodosi with the demonstrative pronoun or adverb, τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶναRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.II.3 μέν used absolutely is frequently followed by a correlative μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Refs __D.III μέν is sometimes omitted (especially in Poetry) where it is implied in the following δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ᾽ ὄπισθε διώκων Refs 8th c.BC+

Included with: ἐναντίος, α, ον, opposite, ={ἀντίος} (which is rare in Prose): __1 of Place, on the opposite side, opposite, c.dative, ἀκταὶ ἐναντίαι ἀλλήλῃσιν Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, fronting, face to face, αὐτῳ οὔ πω φαίνετ᾽ ἐναντίη Refs 7th c.BC+; δεῖξον.. τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον δεῦρ᾽ ἐ. πατρί before him, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰναντία τινί things open to one's sight, Refs 5th c.BC+ look opposite ways, Refs 5th c.BC+ __1.b with Verbs of motion, in the opposite direction, ἔνθα οἱ.. ἐναντίη ἤλυθε μήτηρ came to meet him, Refs 8th c.BC+ __1.c Astrology texts, in diametrical aspect, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 in hostile sense, opposing, facing in fight, with genitive, ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ ἐ. one's adversaries, Refs 5th c.BC+; the enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b generally, opposed to, τινί Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐ. the opposite party, Refs; presenting obstacles, hindering, τινί Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.c ὁ δι ἐναντίας the opponent in a alawsuit, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __3 of qualities, acts, etc., opposite, contrary, reverse, τἀναντί᾽ εἰπεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ the very reverse of these things, Refs 5th c.BC+; δείξας.. ἄστρων τὴν ἐ. ὁδόν, i.e. τὴν τοῦ ἡλίου ὁδὸν ἐ. οὖσαν τοῖς ἄστροις Refs 5th c.BC+; τἀναντία πρήσσειν [τῇ ὑγιείῃ] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐναντία γνῶναι ταῖς πλείσταις [πόλεσιν] Refs 5th c.BC+., quite the contrary, Lg.Refs 5th c.BC+; πολὺ τοὐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b τὰ ἐ. opposites in Philos., Refs 6th c.BC+ __4 in the Philos. of Refs 4th c.BC+ are contraries, especially the two attributes within the same genus which differ most widely from each other (as hot and cold), Refs __4.b ἐ. ἀποφάνσεις, προτάσεις, contrary propositions (All Refs, opposed to contradictory (see. ἀντιφατικῶς), Refs __II frequently in adverb usages: __II.1 from Refs 8th c.BC+ as adverb, opposite, facing, ἐ. ὧδε κάλεσσον here to my face, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι ἐ. to look one in the face,Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, like a preposition with genitive, in the presence of, τῆς βουλῆς Refs; τῶνδ᾽ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μαρτύρων ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1.b in hostile sense, against, with genitive, ἀνέσταν.. σφοῦ πατρὸς ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+ stand one's ground against, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1.c contrariwise, in Attic dialect also with the Article, τοὐναντίον on the other hand, τοὐ. δέ.. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἢ πάλιν τοὐ. Refs 4th c.BC+; conversely, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1.d neuter plural ἐναντία as adverb, with dative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ ἐ. over against, opposite, opposed to ἐκ πλαγίου, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἐναντίας, Ionic dialect -ίης, Refs 5th c.BC+. the opposing parties, probably in Refs 4th c.AD+; ἐκ τῶν ἐ. on the contrary, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατὰ τὰ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ the opposite sides of the parallelogram, Refs 3rd c.BC+; αἱ κατ᾽ ἐ. τομαί opposite sections (i. e. branches) of the hyperbola, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 regular adverb -ίως contrariwise, with dative, τούτοις οὐκ ἐ. λέγεις Refs 5th c.BC+; πικρῶς καὶ ἐ. like an enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ἔχειν to be exactly opposed, Refs; πρός τι to be contrary in respect of.., Refs 4th c.BC+; in the Logic of Refs 4th c.BC+

† II. אָמְנָה adv. (from אֹמֶן by affix ָה) verily, truly, indeed Gn 20:12 (E) Jos 7:20 (JE).

μήν, Doric dialect Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect Refs 7th c.BC+, and old Epic dialect μάν (in Hom.always followed by a vowel except Refs 8th c.BC+ is followed by a consonant except in Refs 8th c.BC+; original μάν has probably been changed to μέν except when the metre prevented), a Particle used to strengthen asseverations, verily, truly; a synonym of μέν but stronger, and like it always following the word which begins the clause, ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μ. τετελεσμένον ἔσται and so verily.., Refs 8th c.BC+; ἴστε μὰν.. ye know doubtless, Refs 5th c.BC+ on then, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II after other Particles, __II.1 ἦ μήν, now verily, full surely, ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστίν Refs 8th c.BC+: strengthened, ἦ δὴ μάν Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently later in strong protestations or oaths, with infinitive, ὄμνυσι δ᾽ ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν Refs 5th c.BC+: in Prose also to begin an independent clause, ὀμνύω.., ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 καὶ μήν, sometimes simply to add an asseveration, see entry [near the start],Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently to introduce something new or deserving special attention, καὶ μὴν Τάνταλον εἰσεῖδον Refs 8th c.BC+; especially in dramatic Poets to mark the entrance of a person on the stage, here comes.., Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of new facts, and besides, nay more, καὶ μήν.. γε Refs 5th c.BC+; in Orators to introduce new arguments, καὶ μήν.. γε Refs 5th c.BC+; to introduce a counter-argument, Refs 5th c.BC+ well, I allow it, Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ νῦν διάτριβ᾽, ἀλλ᾽ ἄνυε πράττων.. Answ. καὶ μ. βαδίζω Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 ἀλλὰ μήν, yet truly, Refs 5th c.BC+; to allege something not disputed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐγὼ μ... Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 ναὶ μήν, above all, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 οὐ μήν, of a truth not, Refs 8th c.BC+; μὴ μάν (Attic dialect μὴ μήν) oh do not, Refs, etc.; ἀλλ᾽ οὐ μάν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.6 ὡς μήν, = {ἦ μήν}, ὀμμνύω Δία.. ὡς μ. κρινεῖν τὰ ἀντιλεγόμενα Refs __III after interrogatives, τί μ.; well, what of it? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί μ. οὔ well, why not? Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶς μ.; well, but how.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; to express surprise, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλὰ πότε μή; Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV with adversative force, especially after a negative, so that it is equivalent to μέντοι, νῦν ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει.., ἔσται μὰν ὅτ᾽ ἄν.. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐπίστασθαι.., οὐδὲν μ. κωλύει κτλ. Refs 5th c.BC+; expressed more strongly by γε μ., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲ μ.Refs; οὐ μ. οὐδέ nor yet indeed, Refs 8th c.BC+

‡ † צְדָא n.[m.] usually (malicious) purpose (Hebraism from BH צְדִיָּה, √ I. צדה);—c. ה interrog. הַצְדָּא Dn 3:14; הַאַזְדָּא Bev Dr Kmp.