Search Lexicon

Vengeance, retribution — the act of requiting wrongs, especially God's decisive judicial punishment against covenant-breakers and oppressors.

Go around, encircle, surround; to circuit, close in on hostilely, or complete a cycle of time

Prefect, provincial official — an appointed governor or administrator, borrowed from Akkadian šaknu, used of Assyrian, Babylonian, and post-exilic Jewish leaders.

Be stubborn, rebellious — to resist authority defiantly, especially Israel's obstinate refusal to obey God or a son's defiance of parents.

Elam — ancient civilization and territory east of Mesopotamia (modern SW Iran), a people descended from Shem and subject of prophetic oracles.

Weary, faint, or exhausted; describing physical fatigue from exertion, travel, or thirst.

Exult, rejoice jubilantly — to triumph with exuberant gladness, used of praise to God, cosmic rejoicing, and even the boasting of the wicked.

To go in, enter; to bring in or introduce (causative); to be brought before someone (passive)

Deep, either in a physical/spatial sense (skin, water, pit) or figuratively of what is profound and unsearchable.

Idols, graven images — false gods made of silver and gold, objects of illicit worship consistently condemned in prophetic and psalmic literature.

To become rich or gain wealth; to make rich or enrich another; to pretend to be rich

Athaliah — queen mother of Judah who usurped the throne for six years; also the name of two post-exilic men.

Flower, blossom, bud — a botanical bloom or bud-shaped ornament, used literally of plants and figuratively of fleeting human glory.

To hunt game animals; to pursue or stalk a person figuratively; to ensnare or trap souls (Piel intensive)

Image, likeness, or idol; a physical representation of something, the divine likeness in humanity, or a mere phantom

Image, statue, form — a physical representation or likeness, especially Nebuchadnezzar's dream-statue in Daniel 2-3 and the image of God in humanity.

Thirst; the physical craving for water, often paired with hunger as a sign of deprivation or divine judgment.

To grow dark, mourn in gloom, or cause darkness; of skies blackening, persons grieving, or God darkening the heavens

Shame, disgrace, dishonor; the public humiliation resulting from sin, folly, or divine judgment.

Dish, plate, platter; a shallow silver vessel used in tabernacle service and dedication offerings.

Trader, merchant; a professional dealer in goods, often used of Tyre's international commerce.

To creep, swarm, move along the ground; of small creatures crawling or gliding over the earth.

Creeping thing, crawler; a collective noun for small ground-moving creatures in creation and law texts.

Quaking, earthquake, or thunderous rumbling; from seismic events to the violent shaking of war and divine theophanies

Expanse, firmament, vault of heaven; the stretched-out dome separating waters above from waters below.

A hired worker or day laborer; also a mercenary soldier; occasionally adjectival for something rented or hired

Shem; firstborn son of Noah, ancestor of the Semitic peoples and forefather of Abraham's line.

Report, fame, or the act of hearing; what is heard about a person, news that arrives, or the moment of perceiving by ear

Hatred; deep hostility or aversion, whether human enmity, sexual revulsion, or divine displeasure.

Sarai; original name of Abraham's wife before God renamed her Sarah ('princess').

chamber, guard room — a side room flanking a gate complex in temple or palace architecture

straw, chaff — threshed grain stalks used as animal fodder, building material, or a figure of worthlessness

tambourine, timbrel — a small hand drum beaten in celebration, worship, and triumphal procession

To reject, set aside, or nullify; to treat a person or authoritative decree as invalid or unworthy of acceptance.

To examine closely, interrogate judicially, or call to account; discerning truth, conducting legal inquiry, or exercising evaluative judgment

Lead away (a person under custody); passive: be led away or carried off; figurative: of a path that leads somewhere.

wedding, marriage feast — a nuptial celebration or the institution of marriage itself

Emphatic enclitic particle: indeed, certainly; at least, at any rate; even (intensifying scalar force).

supper, dinner, banquet — a main meal, especially an evening feast with communal or ceremonial significance

denarius — a Roman silver coin worth approximately one day's wages for a common laborer

To reason or deliberate, either in communal debate with others or in private internal reflection.

Command or give orders; appoint or designate to a role; arrange or set in proper order.

to thirst, be thirsty — to experience physical need for water or metaphorical longing for spiritual fulfillment

To stretch out or extend, especially the hand in healing, command, or action; once of lowering equipment from a ship.

then, after that, thereupon — a temporal-sequential adverb marking what comes next in a series

To desire intensely—either longing for something good or coveting what is forbidden.

worker, laborer — one who performs work, whether in a field, a trade, or the ministry of the gospel

Blessing—whether a divine pronouncement of favor, a concrete gift of bounty, or (rarely) deceptive flattery disguised as praise.

Ephesus — a major city of the Roman province of Asia, center of early Christian mission and Artemis worship

Jealousy or envious rivalry; zeal, passionate devotion; fury, fiery indignation.