H7666 H7666
To buy grain or provisions (Qal); to sell grain or dispense food supplies (Hifil causative).
A specialized commercial term derived from the noun for grain, denoting the buying and selling of food supplies. The Qal stem means 'to buy grain,' dominating the Joseph famine narrative where all nations come to Egypt to purchase food (Gen 41:57, 42:2-5). The Hifil causative flips the transaction to 'sell grain,' with Joseph himself described as 'the one who sells' (Gen 42:6, Prov 11:26). Spanish 'comprar/vender' and French 'acheter' map neatly onto this buy-sell polarity. Isaiah 55:1 transforms the commercial term into a stunning theological metaphor: 'Come, buy wine and milk without money' -- grace described in marketplace language.
Senses
1. buy grain (Qal) — To buy or purchase grain and food supplies, the basic Qal meaning used predominantly in the Joseph narrative during the Egyptian famine. All the earth comes to Joseph 'to buy grain' (Gen 41:57), Jacob sends his sons to Egypt to purchase food (Gen 42:2-3), and the brothers explain repeatedly that they came 'to buy food' (Gen 42:7, 10; 43:2, 4, 20). Deuteronomy 2:6 extends it beyond Egypt. Isaiah 55:1 brilliantly repurposes the commercial verb into a metaphor of grace: 'buy wine and milk without money.' Spanish 'comprar' and French 'acheter' preserve the straightforward transactional meaning. 15×
AR["اشْتَرُوا", "اشْتَرُوا-", "تَشْتَرُونَ", "لِ-نَشْتَرِيَ-", "لِ-يَشْتَرُوا", "لِ-يَشْتَرُوا-", "وَ-اشْتَرُوا-", "وَ-نَشْتَرِي", "يَشْتَرُونَ"]·ben["আর-কিনব-আমরা", "আর-কিনে-আন", "কিনছিল", "কিনতে", "কিনবে", "কিনে-আন", "কিনো"]·DE["[שברו]", "du-soll-kaufen", "kauft", "kauften", "um-Getreide-zu-kaufen", "und-kaufen", "und-kauft"]·EN["and-buy-", "and-we-will-buy-", "buy", "buy-", "buying", "to-buy", "to-buy-", "to-buy-grain", "you-shall-buy"]·FR["[שברו]", "acheter-", "buying", "et-acheter-", "et-nous---acheter-", "tu-devra-acheter", "à-acheter", "à-acheter-", "à-acheter-grain"]·heb["ו-נשברה", "ו-שברו", "ל-שבר", "שברו", "שברים", "תשברו"]·HI["और-खरीदेंगे-हम", "और-खरीदो", "खरीदने", "खरीदो", "खरीदोगे", "ख़रीद-रहे-थे", "ख़रीदो"]·ID["belilah", "dan-belilah", "dan-kami-akan-membeli", "kamu-beli", "membeli", "untuk-membeli"]·IT["[שברו]", "a-comprare", "a-comprare-", "a-comprare-grain", "buying", "comprare-", "e-comprare-", "e-noi-will-comprare-", "tu-dovra-comprare"]·jav["kangge-tumbas", "lan-tumbas", "lan-tumbasa", "panjenengan-sadaya-tumbas", "tumbas", "tumbasa"]·KO["그리고-사라", "그리고-사자", "너희가-사라", "사고", "사고-있던", "사라", "사려고", "에-사려고"]·PT["comprai", "comprai-", "comprando", "comprareis", "e-comprai-", "e-compraremos", "para-comprar", "para-comprar-"]·RU["и-купим", "и-купите-", "купите-", "купить", "купить-", "покупайте", "покупали", "покупать"]·ES["compraban", "comprad", "compraréis", "para-comprar", "y-comprad", "y-compraremos"]·SW["Yosefa", "akamzaa", "ata", "kidogo", "kununua", "mtanunua", "na-kununua", "na-tutakununua", "nunueni", "panda", "ya-Kaanani"]·TR["satin-alin", "satın-alacaksınız", "satın-almak-için", "satın-almak-için-", "satın-alın-", "satın-alıyorlardı", "ve-satın-alın-", "ve-satın-alırız"]·urd["اور-خریدو", "اور-خریدیں-گے-ہم", "خرید-رہے-تھے", "خریدنے", "خریدو"]
2. sell grain (Hifil/causative) — The Hifil causative meaning 'to sell grain' or 'to dispense provisions,' the complementary act to buying. Joseph is called 'the one who sells' to all the people of the land (Gen 42:6), and Proverbs 11:26 contrasts the one who withholds grain with 'the one who sells it,' blessing the generous seller. Amos 8:5-6 uses both buy and sell senses in condemning merchants eager to resume trading after the Sabbath. Spanish clearly distinguishes 'vender/venderemos' from the buying sense, while German sometimes leaves the stem distinction to context. 6×
AR["الْ-بَائِعُ", "تَبِيعُنِي", "فَ-نَبِيعَ", "مُشْبِعٍ", "نَبِيعُ", "وَ-بَاعَ"]·ben["আমরা-বিক্রি-করি", "আর-বিক্রি-করলেন", "ও-আমরা-বিক্রি-করি", "বিক্রি-করবে-আমাকে", "বিক্রেতা", "যে-বিক্রি-করে"]·DE["[ונשבירה]", "[משביר]", "[נשביר]", "der-Getreideverkäufer", "du-wird-verkaufen-mich", "und-verkaufte-Getreide"]·EN["and-sold", "and-we-will-sell", "him-who-sells", "the-one-selling", "we-will-sell", "you-will-sell-me"]·FR["acheter-du-grain", "et-acheter-du-grain", "et-vendit", "le-un-vendant", "tu-fera-vendre-moi", "משביר"]·heb["ה-משביר", "ו-ישבר", "ו-נשבירה", "משביר", "נשביר", "תשברני"]·HI["और-बेचा", "और-बेचें", "बेचनेवाला", "बेचनेवाले-के", "बेचें।", "बेचोगे"]·ID["juallah-kepada-ku", "yang-menjual"]·IT["[ונשבירה]", "[נשביר]", "e-vendette", "il-uno-selling", "lui-chi-sells", "tu-fara-vendere-me"]·jav["gandum", "ingkang-sadé", "lan-kita-sadé", "lan-sadé", "panjenengan-badhé-sade", "tiyang-kang-sadé"]·KO["그리고-우리가-팔리라", "그리고-팔았다", "네가-팔라-나-에게", "우리가-팔리라", "파는-자", "파는-자-의"]·PT["e-venderemos", "e-vendeu", "o-que-vende", "quem-vende", "vender-me-ás", "venderemos"]·RU["и-будем-продавать", "и-продавал", "продавать", "продай-мне", "продающего", "продающий"]·ES["el-que-vende", "me-venderás", "venderemos", "y-venderemos", "y-vendió"]·SW["anayeuza", "na-akawauzia", "na-tuuze", "tutauza", "utaniuzia", "wabuzi"]·TR["-satan", "satacaksın-bana", "satacağız", "satanın", "ve-satacağız", "ve-sattı"]·urd["اور-بیچا", "اور-بیچیں", "بیچنے-والا-تھا", "بیچنے-والے-کے", "بیچیں", "تو-مجھے-بیچ"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [שָׁבַר] vb.denom. buy grain;— Qal Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Dt 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Gn 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v 3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v 7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים 47:14;—buy grain for food Gn 41:57 (v 56 v. Hiph.), 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v 5; c. acc. אֹ��ֶל v 7, 10; 43:2, 4, 20, 22; 44:25; Dt 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Gn 42:3, שֶׁבֶר 47:14; fig. Is 55:1, c. acc.…