παραδίδωμι G3860
To hand over, deliver, betray, transmit, entrust, surrender, or permit — spanning custody transfer, treacherous betrayal, tradition-passing, and self-giving
Paradidomi is the verb that shadows the Passion narrative — Judas 'hands over' Jesus, Jesus is 'delivered' to Pilate, and ultimately God 'gives up' his Son for the world. Yet the same root also describes Paul 'handing on' sacred tradition (1 Cor 11:23; 15:3) and a master 'entrusting' talents to servants. The tension between betrayal and faithful transmission runs through the word like a fault line. Spanish captures this with entregó for both custody transfers and betrayals, while French livrer ('to deliver') and German ueberliefern ('to hand down') each flatten different dimensions. The full semantic range — from Judas's treachery to Paul's catechesis to Christ's self-offering — makes paradidomi one of the most theologically charged verbs in the New Testament.
1. hand over, deliver to custody — To hand over or deliver a person into custody (78x): the dominant sense, covering the transfer of a person into the power, control, or jurisdiction of another — courts, rulers, prisons, or hostile parties — without implying personal treachery by the agent. Spanish entregó ('handed over'), French livrer, and German ueberliefern all cover this neutral transfer. Jesus tells the disciples they will be 'delivered' to councils and synagogues (Matt 10:17), brother will deliver brother to death (Matt 10:21), and the Son of Man will be 'delivered' to the Gentiles (Matt 20:19). The agent may be hostile, but the verb itself describes transfer, not treason. 78×
AR["أَسلَمَهُم","أَسْلَمَ","أَسْلَمَهُ","أَسْلَمَهُمْ","سَلَّمَ","سَلَّمَهَا","سَلَّمَهُ","يُسَلَّمُ"]·ben["দিয়েছিলেন","দিলেন","সমর্পণ-করল","সমর্পণ-করলেন","সমর্পণ-করিল","সমর্পণ-করেছেন","সমর্পিত-হচ্ছেন"]·DE["ueberliefern","übergibt"]·EN["betrayed","delivered","gave-over","gave-up","handed-down","handed-over","he-delivered","he-handed-over","is-being-betrayed","is-being-delivered"]·FR["livrer"]·heb["הִסְגִּיר","מָסַר","נִמְסָר"]·HI["उस्ने-सौम्प-दिय","पकड़वाया","पकड़वाया-जाता-है","सौंप-दिया","सौंपा","सौंपीं","सौम्प-दिय"]·ID["Dia-serahkan","dia-menyerahkan","diserahkan","mengkhianati","menyerahkan"]·IT["consegnare"]·jav["dipunaturaken,","dipunserahaken","dipunulungaken","masrahaken","nyerahaken"]·KO["내어-주셨느니라","내어주셨다","내주었다","넘겨주셨다","넘겨주었다","넘겨진다","넘겼다","맡겼다","전해주었다"]·PT["entregou","entregou-","entregou-os","é-entregue"]·RU["как","передал","предал","предаётся"]·ES["entregó","es-entregado","se-entregó"]·SW["akajitoa","akamkabidhi","akamtoa","akamtua","akatoa","akawaacha","alimkabidhi","alimsaliti","alimtia","alimtoa","alitupatia","aliwakabidhi","aliwatia","anasalitiwa","atakabidhiwa","kwa-ajili-yake"]·TR["Pavlus'a","teslim-ediliyor","teslim-etti"]·urd["حوالے کیا","حوالے-کر-دیا","حوالے-کِیا","حوالے-کِیا-جاتا-ہے","حوالے-کیا","دیں","دے دی","دے-دیا","سونپا","سپرد-کیا","پکڑوایا"]
Matt 10:17, Matt 10:21, Matt 18:34, Matt 20:19, Matt 24:9, Matt 24:10, Matt 25:14, Matt 26:2, Matt 26:16, Matt 26:21, Matt 26:23, Matt 26:24 (+38 more)
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
2. betray, hand over treacherously — To betray, to hand over treacherously (20x): a specialized intensification of sense 1, where the transfer involves personal disloyalty, breach of trust, or insider treachery. Spanish entregar with betrayal-specific modifiers and German verraten ('to betray') distinguish this from neutral custody transfer. Prototypically Judas: identified as 'the one who would betray him' (Matt 10:4; 26:25), negotiating a price (Matt 26:15), signaling with a kiss (Matt 26:48). The multilingual glosses — Korean baesinhada, Arabic khana — consistently deploy betrayal-specific vocabulary for these Judas passages, confirming a recognized semantic distinction. 20×
AR["أَسلَمَهُ","أَنْ-يُسَلِّمَهُ","أُسلِمَ","أُسَلِّمُهُ","إِذْ-سَلَّمْتُ","الَّذِي-سَلَّمَهُ","الَّذِي-يُسَلِّمُكَ","الَّذِي-يُسَلِّمُنِي","الَّذِي-يُسَلِّمُهُ","الْمُسَلِّمُهُ","تُسَلِّمُ","سَـ-يُسَلِّمُهُ","سَلَّمَ","سَيُسَلِّمُ","مُسَلِّمُ","مُسَلِّمُهُ","مُسَلِّمِ","يُسَلِّمُ"]·ben["তিনি-সমর্পিত-হচ্ছিলেন,","ধরিয়ে-দিচ্ছ","ধরিয়ে-দিতে","ধরিয়ে-দেওয়ার","ধরিয়ে-দেবে-যে","সমর্পণ-করছে","সমর্পণ-করতে","সমর্পণ-করব","সমর্পণ-করে","সমর্পণকারী","সমর্পণকারীকে"]·DE["ueberliefern","übergibt"]·EN["He-was-being-betrayed","betraying","delivering","do-you-hand-over","going-to-betray","handing-over","having-betrayed","having-delivered","to-betray","will-deliver"]·FR["livrer"]·heb["אֶמְסֹר","הִסְגִּיר","הַמַּסְגִּיר","לְהַסְגִּיר","לִמְסֹר","מָסֹר-י","מוֹסֵר","נִמְסַר"]·HI["पकड़वा-दूंगा","पकड़वाकर","पकड़वाता-है","पकड़वाना","पकड़वाने","पकड़वाने-वाला","पकड़वाने-वाले","पकड़वाने-वाले-को","पकड़वानेवाला","पकड़वानेवाले","पकड़वाया","पकड़वाया-गया","सौंपने-वाला","सौंपनेवाला"]·ID["Ia-diserahkan","akan-menyerahkan","engkau-serahkan","menyerahkan","yang-mengkhianati","yang-menyerahkan"]·IT["consegnare"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-dipun-khianati,","badhé-ngulungaken","badhé-nyerahaken","ingkang-masrahaken","ingkang-ngulungaken","ingkang-nikelaken","masrahaken","ngulungaken","nikelaken,","nyerahaken","panjenengan-masrahaken?"]·KO["넘겨졌던","넘겨주느냐","넘겨주는-자","넘겨주는-자-가","넘겨주는-자가","넘겨주는-자의","넘겨주려고","넘겨준","넘겨준-자가","넘겨줄-자인지","넘기겠다","넘기고","넘기는-자가","넘긴-자가","배반할","배반할-자를"]·PT["entrega","entregarei","entregou","era-traído,","que-entrega","que-entregava","que-o-entregaria","também","tendo-entregado"]·RU["предав","предавался,","предавать","предавший","предам","предать","предающего","предающий","предаёшь"]·ES["a-entregar","de-entregar","entregando","entregas","era-entregado","habiendo-entregado","lo-entregaré","que-entrega","que-entregaba","que-entregará","que-entregó","que-lo-entregaba","que-me-entrega"]·SW["alimsaliti","alinisaliti","alisalitiwa,","aliyemsaliti","anayenisaliti","atakayemsaliti","kukusaliti","kumsaliti","msaliti","nikisaliti","nitamsaliti","unamsaliti"]·TR["ele-vereni","ele-vermek","teslim edildi","teslim-edecek-olan","teslim-eden","teslim-edenin","teslim-ederek","teslim-edeyim","teslim-ediyorsun","teslim-etmeye"]·urd["اُسے","ایک","حوالے کرنے والے نے","حوالے-کر-دُوں-گا","حوالے-کر-کے","حوالے-کرتا-ہے","حوالے-کرنے-والا","حوالے-کرنے-والے","حوالے-کرنے-والے-نے","دینے-والا","دینے-والے-نے","پکڑوانے والا","پکڑوانے-والا","پکڑوانے-والے-کو","پکڑوایا","پکڑوایا-گیا"]
Matt 10:4, Matt 26:15, Matt 26:25, Matt 26:46, Matt 26:48, Matt 27:3, Matt 27:4, Mark 14:42, Mark 14:44, Luke 22:21, Luke 22:48, John 6:64 (+8 more)
3. hand down, transmit tradition — To hand down, transmit tradition or teaching (12x): the catechetical sense, where what is 'handed over' is not a person but authoritative instruction, decrees, or inherited practice. French transmise and German ueberlieferten mark the transmission register. Paul's formula is definitive: 'I delivered to you what I also received' (1 Cor 11:23; 15:3), establishing a technical vocabulary of tradition. Luke opens his Gospel with traditions 'delivered to us' by eyewitnesses (Luke 1:2), and Acts records apostolic decrees being 'delivered' to churches (Acts 16:4). Mark 7:13 uses it negatively for human traditions that nullify God's word. 12×
amh["ለተሰጠችው"]·AR["المسلَّم","المُسَلَّمَةِ","سَلَّمتُكُم","سَلَّمَهَا","سَلَّمُوا","سَلَّمْتُمُوهُ","سُلِّمَ","كانوا-يُسَلِّمونَ","مُسَلِّمًا"]·ben["আমি-সমর্পণ-করেছি","দিচ্ছিলেন","দিয়েছ","দিয়েছিলেন","দেওয়া-হয়েছিল","সমর্পণ-করিতেছিল","সমর্পণ-করে","সমর্পণ-করেছি","সমর্পিত","সমর্পিত-হয়েছে"]·ces["předanou"]·dan["overgivne"]·DE["ueberliefern","übergibt","überlieferten"]·ell["παραδοθείσαν"]·EN["I-delivered","delivered","having-been-delivered","having-delivered","they-were-delivering","they-were-handing-over","were-delivered","you-handed-down"]·FR["livrer","transmise"]·guj["સોંપાયેલી"]·hat["remèt"]·hau["an-ba"]·heb["הַנִּמְסֶרֶת","מְסַרְתֶּם","מָסְרוּ","מָסַר","מָסַרְתִּי","נִמְסַר","שנמסרה"]·HI["एेसी","दिय-गय","देते-थे","मैंने-सौंप-दिया","सौंपकर","सौंपतेथे","सौंपा","सौंपा-गया-है","सौंपी-गई","सौंपे-गए"]·hun["átadott"]·ID["Aku-menyampaikan","aku-sampaikan","disampaikan","diserahkan","kalian-serahkan","menyerahkan","mereka-menyampaikan","yang-telah-diserahkan"]·IT["consegnare","trasmessa"]·jav["dipun-pasrahaken","dipun-ulungaken","dipunparingaken","dipunpasrahaken","kaparingaken","kula-masrahaken","kula-pasrahaken","masrahaken","panjenengan-paringaken.","sampun-dipun-paringaken"]·JA["伝えられた"]·KO["내가-전해준","넘겨졌으니","넘겨주고","넘겨주셨다","넘겨주었다","전달했다","전해주었노라","전해주었다","전해준","전해진"]·mar["दिलेल्या"]·mya["ပေးအပ်ခဲ့သော"]·nld["overgeleverde"]·nor["overleverte"]·pnb["سونپے"]·pol["przekazaną"]·PT["Entreguei","entregavam","entregue","entreguei","foram-entregues","que-lhes-foi-entregue","transmitiram","transmitistes"]·ron["predată"]·RU["передав","передавали","передал","передали","переданной","переданную","предано"]·ES["entregaban","entregada","entregando","entregaron","entregué","fueron-entregadas","habiendo-sido-entregado","transmitisteis"]·SW["akimkabidhi","iliyokabidhiwa","mliyopokea","nilivyowapa","niliwakabidhi","niliwapa","vimekabidhiwa","vimenikabidhiwa","walimkabidhi","walitoa","walivyotupassa"]·swe["överlämnade"]·tam["ஒப்புவிக்கப்பட்ட"]·tel["అప్పగించబడిన"]·tgl["ipinagkatiwala"]·TH["ที่ถูกมอบให้"]·TR["teslim ettim","teslim-eden","teslim-edilmiş","teslim-ediyorlardı","teslim-ettiler","teslim-ettiniz","verildi","verilmiş","veriyorlardı"]·ukr["передану"]·urd["حوالے-کر-دیا","دیا-گیا","دیا-گیا-ہے","دیتے-تھے","سونپی","سونپی-گئی","سونپے-گئے","سپرد-کیا","سکھایا","پہنچایا"]·VI["đã-được-truyền"]·yor["tí-a-fi-fún"]·yue["被傳遞-嘅"]·ZH["交付了的"]
4. entrust, commit to one's care — To entrust, commit to someone's care (5x): handing over something valuable — responsibility, authority, or resources — for stewardship. Spanish encomendado ('entrusted') distinctly marks this as fiduciary rather than coercive. In the parable of the talents, the master 'delivered' five talents to one servant (Matt 25:20, 22). Satan claims authority has been 'delivered' to him (Luke 4:6). Paul and Barnabas are 'commended to the grace of God' by the Antioch church (Acts 14:26; 15:40). The emphasis falls on trust and responsibility, not hostility. 5×
AR["أُسلِما","أُسلِمَ","سَلَّمْتَنِي","قَد-سُلِّمَ"]·ben["সমর্পণ-করেছিলে","সমর্পিত","সমর্পিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["übergibt"]·EN["having-been-committed","it-has-been-delivered","you-delivered"]·FR["livrer"]·heb["מָסַרְתָּ","נִמְסְרָה","נִמְסְרוּ","נִמְסָר"]·HI["सौंपा-गया-है","सौंपा-जाकर","सौंपे-गए-थे","सौंपे-थे"]·ID["diserahkan","engkau-serahkan","telah-diserahkan"]·IT["consegnare"]·jav["Panjenengan-masrahaken","dipun-pasrahaken","kapasrahaken","sampun-dipun-pasrahaken,"]·KO["넘겨졌다","넘겨진","맡겨진","맡기셨습니다"]·PT["entregaste","entregues","tendo-sido-entregue"]·RU["предана,","преданный","преданы","ты-передал"]·ES["encomendado","encomendados","entregaste","ha-sido-entregada"]·SW["akikabidhiwa","nimepewa","ulinipa","wamekabidhiwa"]·TR["teslim-edilerek","teslim-edilmiş","teslim-edilmiştir","teslim-ettin"]·urd["سونپا-جا-کر","سونپا-گیا-ہے-","سونپے-تھے","سونپے-گئے"]
5. give over, surrender, abandon — To give over, surrender, or abandon to a condition (4x): yielding someone (or oneself) to a power, fate, or experience — whether divine judgment, sacrificial self-offering, or voluntary exposure. Spanish habiendo entregado and English having-given-over capture the surrendering quality. God 'gave them over' to their sinful desires (Rom 1:24, 26, 28), Paul speaks of those who 'risked their lives' (Acts 15:26, literally 'handed over their souls'), and Christ 'gave himself up for me' (Gal 2:20). The reflexive self-giving in Galatians stands as the theological counterpoint to Judas's betrayal in sense 2. 4×
AR["أُسَلِّمُ","بَذَلَ","سَلَّموا","نُسَلَّمُ"]·ben["আমরা-সমর্পিত-হই","দিয়ে-দিয়েছেন","সমর্পণ-করি","সমর্পণ-করেছিলেন"]·DE["ueberliefern","übergibt"]·EN["I-hand-over","are-being-handed-over","having-given-over"]·FR["livrer"]·heb["אֶמְסֹר","אֶת-","הַ-מּוֹסֵר","נִמְסָרִים"]·HI["जिस्ने-दे-दिय","दे-दूँ","समर्पित-किया-है","सौंपे-जाते-हैं-हम"]·ID["aku-menyerahkan","diserahkan","menyerahkan","yang-menyerahkan"]·IT["consegnare"]·jav["kang-sampun-masrahaken","kaulungaken","kula-pasrahaken","sampun-masrahaken"]·KO["내어놓은","내어주고","넘겨주신-분","넘겨진다"]·PT["entrego","que-entregou","que-têm-entregue","somos-entregues"]·RU["предавшего","предавшими","предам","предаёмся"]·ES["entregare","habiendo-entregado","somos-entregados"]·SW["akajitoa","nikitoa","tunakabidhiwa","waliotoa"]·TR["eğer-","teslim ediliyoruz","teslim-edenin","veren"]·urd["حوالے-کیے-جاتے-ہیں","دینے-والے","دے-دوں","دے-چکے-ہوئے"]
6. sense 6 — To permit, allow a process to proceed (1x): in Mark 4:29, when the grain is ripe, the farmer 'puts in the sickle' because the harvest 'permits' — the fruit has yielded itself to readiness. Spanish permite and English permits confirm this unusual reading. The grain paradidoi, 'hands itself over' to the harvest, a vivid agricultural metaphor where the ripened crop is imagined as surrendering to the reaper. This lone occurrence extends the root's transfer semantics into the domain of natural process and seasonal readiness. 1×
AR["يَنْضَجُ"]·ben["প্রস্তুত-হয়"]·DE["ueberliefern"]·EN["permits"]·FR["livrer"]·heb["יִתֵּן"]·HI["फल"]·ID["mengizinkan"]·IT["consegnare"]·jav["meteng"]·KO["릺으면"]·PT["se-entrega"]·RU["созреет"]·ES["permite"]·SW["inakubalika"]·TR["izin-versin"]·urd["پک-جائے"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)H6743b 1. prosper, succeed (intransitive) (40×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παραδίδωμι (late παραδια-δίδω (δειδ-) Refs 4th c.AD+, give, hand over to another, transmit, [παιδίον] τινί Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐντεταλμένα, of couriers, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sentinels, π. τὸν κώδωνα Refs 5th c.BC+; of letters to the person addressed, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a purchase to the buyer, Refs; of articles entered in an inventory by magistrates, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of an argument, π. τινὶ τὸν ἑξῆς…