שָׁלֵם103 H7999a
Be complete, be at peace; repay, recompense; fulfill vows; make restitution; bring to completion
From the same root that gives us shalom, this verb carries the fundamental meaning of wholeness and completion. In the Qal stem it describes a state of being complete or finished. The Piel — by far the most common stem — shifts the meaning toward making something complete in a transactional sense: paying what is owed, fulfilling a vow, or restoring what was lost. The Hiphil extends this to causative completion, and the Pual provides the passive counterpart. Whether describing the completion of Solomon's temple (1 Kgs 7:51), the fulfillment of a vow to God (Ps 50:14), or the repayment of stolen property (Exod 22:1), the thread is always restoring wholeness.
1. pay, repay, recompense — The dominant Piel sense of repayment and recompense, covering nearly two-thirds of occurrences. Spanish pagar, French payer, and German bezahlen/vergelten all confirm the transactional reading. The sense spans both positive recompense (reward) and negative (retribution), as in Exod 21:34–36 where damages must be repaid. Arabic يُجَازِي captures the dual-direction quality of requital. 63×
AR["وَ-أُجَازِيهِمْ","وَ-أُعِيدُ","وَ-جَازَيْتُ","يَرُدُّ","يُعَوِّضُ","يُعِيدُ"]·ben["-এবং-আমি-দেব","-এবং-আমি-প্রতিফল-দেব","আর-প্রতিফল-দেব","আর-ফিরিয়ে-দেব","পরিশোধ-করবে","পরিশোধ-করবে।","শোধ-করবে"]·DE["er-soll-bezahlen","er-soll-pay","er-vergilt","soll-bezahlen","und-vergelten"]·EN["And-I-will-repay","and-I-shall-repay","and-I-will-repay","and-I-will-restore","he-must-repay","he-shall-pay","shall-pay"]·FR["--payer","et-rétribuer","il---payer","il-devra-pay","récompenser"]·heb["ו-אשלם","ו-שילמתי","ישלם"]·HI["और-बदला-दूँगा","और-बदला-दूँगा-मैं","और-बदला-दूंगा","और-मैं-भुगतान-दूँगा","देगा","भरेगा"]·ID["dan-Aku-akan-membalas","dan-akan-Kubalas","dia-harus-membayar","ia akan membayar","ia harus mengganti","ia mengganti"]·IT["e-ricompensare","egli-dovrà-pay","egli-pagherà","pagherà","ripagare"]·jav["Lan-Kawula-badhé-males","badhé-mbayar,","badè-nggantos","lan-Aku-badhe-males","lan-Kawula-badhe-males","mbayar","piyambakipun-badhé-mbayar","piyambakipun-badhé-mbayar,","piyambakipun-badhé-mbayar.","piyambakipun-badhé-mbayar;"]·KO["갑을-것이다","값으리라","갚으리라","그리고-갑으리라","그리고-값으리라","그리고-내가-갑으리라","그리고-내가-갚으리라"]·PT["E-retribuirei","e-pagarei","e-restituirei","pagará"]·RU["заплатит","и-воздам"]·ES["Y-retribuiré","pagará","y-le-restituiré","y-les-pagaré","y-retribuiré"]·SW["Na-nitalipa","atalipa","na-nitalipa","na-nitawalipa"]·TR["ve-odeyecegim","ve-ödeyeceğim","ödeyecek"]·urd["ادا-کرے","ادا-کرے-گا","اور-بدلا-دوں-گا","اور-بدلہ-دوں-گا","اور-بدلہ-دوں-گا-میں","اور-لوٹاؤں-گا","واپس-کرے"]
Exod 21:34, Exod 21:36, Exod 21:36, Exod 22:1, Exod 22:3, Exod 22:3, Exod 22:4, Exod 22:5, Exod 22:6, Exod 22:6, Exod 22:7, Exod 22:9 (+38 more)
▼ 6 more senses below
Senses
2. fulfill, perform (vows) — A specialized Piel usage restricted to the fulfillment of vows (neder) made to God. Spanish cumplir, distinct from pagar, marks the religious register. Key passages include Ps 22:25 ('I will fulfill my vows before those who fear him') and Deut 23:21. Arabic أوفى and Swahili -timiza both point to performative completion rather than monetary payment. 19×
AR["أوفي","أَوْفَيْتُ","أَوْفِي","أُوفي","أُوفِي","تَنْذِرُ","تُوفِيهَا","لِ-أُوفيَ","لِتُوفِيَهُ","وَ-أوْفِ","وَأَوْفُوا","وَأُوفيَ-","وَلَا-","وَنُوفي","وَيُوفُونَ"]·ben["আমি-পূরণ-করব","আমি-পূর্ণ-করলাম","আমি-শোধ-করব","এবং-আমরা-প্রদান-করব","এবং-পূর্ণ-কর","এবং-পূর্ণ-করব","ও-পূরণ-কর","ও-পূরণ-করবে","পরিশোধ-করো","পালন-করব","পূরণ-কর","পূরণ-করতে","পূরণ-করতে-তাকে","পূর্ণ-করবে"]·DE["ich-wird-fulfill","ich-wird-pay","und-fulfill-ihnen","und-lass-mich-pay","und-pay","und-vergelten","und-war-in-Frieden","vergalt","war-in-Frieden","zu-erfuellen-es","zu-fulfill"]·EN["I-have-paid","I-will-fulfill","I-will-pay","and-fulfill-them","and-let-me-pay","and-pay","and-they-will-fulfill","and-we-will-render","pay","to-fulfill","to-fulfill-it","to-pay-it","you-will-pay"]·FR["et-que-moi-pay","et-rétribuer","récompenser","rétribuer","à-accomplir-cela","à-récompenser-lui","à-rétribuer"]·heb["אשלם","אשלמה","ו-אשלם","ו-נשלמה","ו-שילמו","ו-שלם","ו-שלמו","ל-שלמו","ל-שלמי","שילמתי","שלם","שלמי","תשלם"]·HI["-पूरा-करने-के-लिए-मेरे","और-चुकाओ","और-पूरी-करूँ","और-पूरी-करेंगे","और-हम-चुकाएंगे","चुका","चुकाऊँगा","चुकाना","चुकाने-में-उसे","चुकाया-मैंने","तू-पूरी-करेगा","पूरा-करने-को-उसे","पूरी-करूँगा","पूरे-कर","मैं-पूरा-करूँगा","मैं-पूरी-करूंगा","वे-शल्लेमू"]·ID["akan-kubayar;","aku-akan-membayar","aku-bayar","aku-membayar","bayarlah","dan-aku-membayar","dan-membayarnya","dan-penuhilah","engkau-bayar","membayar","untuk-membayar","untuk-membayarnya"]·IT["a-adempiere-esso","e-lascia-me-pay","e-retribuire","e-ricompensare","e-ripago'","per-ripagare-suo","retribuire","ripagare","ripago'"]·jav["badhé-kula-bayar","kangge-nyauri","kanggé-nglunasi","kawula-badhé-mbayar","kula-badhé-ajrih","kula-badhé-ngluwari","kula-mbayar","lan-kawula-badhe-nyaosaken","lan-kula-nepèpi","lan-ngluwari","nyauri","panjenengan-bayar","panuwun","saha-bayarna","sami-mbayar","saurana","supados-mbayar"]·KO["값았다","갓으리니","갓으리이다","갖기-위해-그것을","갖아라","갖음","갚으라","갚으리라","갚으리로다","그리고-갚으리라","그리고-갚으소서","그리고-갚으시다","내가-갚으리라","이행하는-것을-그것을","이행하라"]·PT["cumpras","cumpre","cumprirei","cumprirás.","e-cumprirei","e-cumprirão","e-paga","e-pagai","e-pagaremos","pagarei","paguei","para-cumpri-lo","para-cumprir"]·RU["и-воздадим","и-исполни","и-исполню","и-исполняйте","и-исполнят","исполни.","исполнила-я","исполнить-его","исполнить-его,","исполнишь","исполню","исполняй","исполнять.","исполняя"]·ES["cumplas","cumple","cumpliré","en-cumplirlo","en-pagarlo","he-cumplido","pagare","pagarás.","pagaré","para-cumplir","y-cumpliré","y-lo-cumplirán","y-paga","y-pagad","y-pagaremos","¡Paga"]·SW["kuitekeleza","kuitimiza","kutimiza","litekeleze","na-mtimize","na-nitekeleze","na-tutatoa","na-utekeleze","na-watatimiza","nimetimiza","nitatimiza","nitazitimiza","timiza","usitekeleze","utatimiza"]·TR["ode","odemek-icin-onu","odemen","ve-yerine-getirecekler","ve-öde","ve-ödeyeceğiz","ve-ödeyeyim","ve-ödeyin","öde","ödedim","ödemek-için-onu","ödemem-için-","ödersin","ödeyeceğim"]·urd["اور-پورا-کرو","اور-پورا-کروں","اور-پوری-کریں-گے","اور-ہم-ادا-کریں-گے","اَدا-کَروں","اُسے-پورا-کرنے-کو","تُو پوری کرے گا","لَ-اَدا-کَرنے-میرے","میں-ادا-کروں-گا","میں-پوری-کروں-گا","وَ-پوری-کر","پوری-کر","پوری-کرنے-میں","پوری-کرو","پوری-کروں-گا","پوری-کیں-میں-نے"]
3. make restitution, restore, complete — The restitution and restoration sense — making damaged property or relationships whole again. Leviticus 5–6 prescribes restitution with an added fifth; Joel 2:25 promises God will restore what the locusts consumed; 1 Kgs 9:25 uses it for completing a building. The semantic thread is making whole what was broken or incomplete, as French achever and German wiederherstellen suggest. 7×
AR["وَ-أَكْمَلَ","وَ-أُعَوِّضُ","وَ-يُعَوِّضُ","وَيُعيدُ","يُعَوِّضُ","يُعَوِّضُهَا"]·ben["এবং-আমি-ফিরিয়ে-দেব","এবং-পরিশোধ-করুক","এবং-সম্পূর্ণ-করলেন","ও-পুনরুদ্ধার-করবেন","পরিশোধ-করুক","প্রতিস্থাপন-করবে-তা,","প্রতিস্থাপন-করবে-তা;"]·DE["er-soll-machen-restitution-fuer-es","er-soll-vergelten","und-er-completed","und-er-soll-bezahlen","und-vergalt","und-war-in-Frieden"]·EN["and-I-will-restore","and-he-completed","and-he-shall-pay","and-restore","he-shall-make-restitution-for-it","he-shall-repay"]·FR["et-il-acheva","et-il-devra-payer","et-récompenser","et-rétribuer","il-devra-faire-restitution-pour-cela","il-devra-repay"]·heb["ו-שילם","ו-שילמתי","וְ-שִׁלַּם","ישלם","שילם"]·HI["और-चुकाए","और-पूरा-करेगा","और-पूरा-किया","और-लौटाऊँगा","चुकाए","बदला-दे"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-mengganti","dan-ia-akan-membayar","dan-ia-menyelesaikan","dan-memulihkan","harus-mengganti","ia-akan-membayar"]·IT["e-egli-completò","e-egli-dovra-pagare","e-retribuire","e-ripagare","egli-dovra-fare-restitution-per-esso","egli-dovra-ripagare"]·jav["lan-Kawula-badhé-gantos","lan-mbayar","lan-mulihaken","lan-ngrampungaken","mbayar","nggantos-piyambakipun;"]·KO["그리고-배상하라","그리고-보상하리라","그리고-완성하였다","그리고-회복하시리라","배상하라","배상하여라-그것을"]·PT["E-restituirei","a-restituirá","e-completou","e-pagará","e-restaurará","o-restituirá","restituirá"]·RU["И-восполню","возместит","заплатит-за-него","заплатит-за-неё","и-восстановит","и-завершил","и-заплатит"]·ES["Y-os-restituiré","la-pagará","pagará","y-completó","y-pagará","y-restaurará"]·SW["Na-nitawarudishia","atalipa","na-akaimaliza","na-atalipa","na-atarudisha"]·TR["ve-iade-edecek","ve-tamamladı","ve-ödeyecek","ve-ödeyeceğim","ödeyecek"]·urd["ادا-کرے","اور-ادا-کرے","اور-بحال-کرے-گا","اور-بھر-پائی-کروں-گا","اور-مکمل-کیا","بدلہ-دے-گا-اُسے"]
4. be complete, be at peace — The Qal stative sense: to be complete, finished, or at peace. This is the intransitive foundation of the root, from which all causative stems derive. Key passages include 1 Kgs 7:51 (the temple work was completed) and Neh 6:15 (the wall was finished). Spanish fue completada and German war completed reflect the resultative state. Isa 60:20 extends this to days of mourning being 'completed.' 5×
AR["فَ-اكْتَمَلَ","وَ-تَمَّتْ","وَ-تَنْقَضِي","وَسَلِمَ"]·ben["-এবং-শেষ-হবে","আর-সম্পন্ন-হল","আর-সম্পূর্ণ-হল","এবং-সমাপ্ত-হল","ও-শান্তিতে-থেকেছে"]·DE["und-er-vergilt","und-vergelten","und-war-completed","und-war-in-Frieden"]·EN["and-remained-whole","and-was-completed","and-was-finished","and-will-be-complete"]·FR["[ותשלם]","et-fut-acheva","et-récompenser","et-rétribuer"]·heb["ו-שלם","ו-שלמו","ו-תישלם","ו-תשלם"]·HI["और-पूरा-हुआ","और-पूरी-हुई","और-समाप्त-होंगे","और-सलामत-रहा"]·ID["dan-berakhirlah","dan-selamat","dan-selesailah"]·IT["[ותשלם]","e-era-completò","e-ricompensare","e-ripagare"]·jav["Lan-dados-rampung","Lan-rampung","lan-badhe-rampung","lan-rampung","lan-slamet"]·KO["그리고-끝날-것이다","그리고-마쳤다","그리고-완성되었다","그리고-평안했는가","그리하여-완성되었다"]·PT["E-completou-se","E-foi-completado","e-completarão","e-ficou-iléso"]·RU["И-завершена-была","и-завершатся","и-завершилась","и-закончилась","и-успел"]·ES["Y-fue-completada","Y-fue-terminada","Y-se-terminó","y-prosperó?","y-se-acabarán"]·SW["Na-ikakamilika","na-akafanikiwa","na-ikakamilika","na-ukamalizika","na-zitaisha"]·TR["Ve-tamamlandı","ve-bitti","ve-sağ-kaldı","ve-tamamlandı"]·urd["اور-سلامت-پایا","اور-مکمل ہوا","اور-مکمل-ہوئی","اور-مکمل-ہوا","اور-پورے-ہوں-گے"]
5. be repaid, be rewarded — The Pual passive: to be repaid or rewarded. Prov 11:31 ('if the righteous is repaid on earth') and Prov 13:13 illustrate the passive counterpart of sense 1. French rétribuer and German vergilt confirm the passive-receipt reading. Ps 65:1 uses it of vows being fulfilled (passive of sense 2), and Jer 18:20 of evil being repaid for good. 4×
AR["هَلْ-يُجْزَى","يُجازى","يُوفى-"]·ben["কি-প্রতিফল-দেওয়া-হবে","পূর্ণ-হবে","প্রতিফল-পাবে","প্রতিফল-পায়"]·DE["der-er-vergilt","er-vergilt","wird-sein-fulfilled-"]·EN["Is-repaid","is-repaid","will-be-fulfilled-","will-be-rewarded"]·FR["récompenser","rétribuer"]·heb["ה-ישולם","ישולם","ישולם-"]·HI["क्या-चुकाया-जाएगा","पूरी-की-जाएगी","प्रतिफल-पाएगा","प्रतिफल-पाता-है"]·ID["akan-dibalas","akan-dibayar-","dibalas","haruskah-dibalas"]·IT["ricompensare","ripagare","ripago'"]·jav["Punapa-dipunwales","dipun-wales","dipunbayar-"]·KO["갓으리이다","물으니-보답을-받겠느냐","보상받는다"]·PT["Será-retribuiído","será-pago","será-recompensado","é-recompensado"]·RU["будет-вознаграждён","воздаётся","исполняется-","разве-воздаётся"]·ES["es-recompensado","será-cumplido-","será-recompensado","¿Se-pagará"]·SW["Je-italipwa","analipwa","atalipwa","itatimiziwa"]·TR["ödenecek","ödenecek-","ödenir-mi","ödüllenecek"]·urd["ادا-کی-جائے-گی","بدلہ-پائے-گا","بدلہ-پاتا-ہے","کیا-بدلہ-دیا-جاتا-ہے"]
6. complete, bring to an end — The Hiphil causative: to bring to completion or to an end. Job 23:14 ('he will complete what he has appointed for me') and Isa 44:28 ('saying of Jerusalem, she shall be built') show God as the agent who brings purposes to full completion. Isa 38:12–13 extends this to God bringing a life to its end. The causative morphology maps the root's 'completeness' onto an external agent. 4×
AR["تُنْهِينِي","يُتَمِّمُ","يُكْمِلُ"]·ben["তিনি-পূর্ণ-করবেন","তুমি-শেষ-করবে-আমাকে","সম্পূর্ণ-করবে"]·DE["er-vergilt","vergelten","war-in-Frieden"]·EN["You-bring-me-to-an-end","he-will-complete","he-will-fulfill"]·FR["récompenser","rétribuer"]·heb["ישלים","ישלם","תשלימני"]·HI["तू-समाप्त-करेगा-मुझे","पूरी-करेगा","वह-पूरा-करेगा"]·ID["Dia-menyelesaikan","Engkau-menghabiskanku","ia-akan-menggenapi"]·IT["ricompensare","ripagare"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-nyampurnakaken","ngentekaken-kawula-Panjenengan","piyambakipun-badhé-njangkepi","saking-rina"]·KO["이루리라","이루시리라","주께서-마치시리라-나를"]·PT["completar-me-ás","cumprirá"]·RU["завершит","исполнит","покончишь-со-мной"]·ES["completará","cumplirá","me-acabas"]·SW["atakamilisha","atatimiza","utanimaliza"]·TR["bitireceksin-beni","tamamlar","yerine-getirecek"]·urd["تُو-ختم-کرے-گا-مجھے","وہ پورا کرے گا","پوری-کرے-گا"]
7. sense 7 — A single occurrence in 2 Sam 10:19 where the Aramean kings 'made peace' with Israel after military defeat. All translations converge: Spanish hicieron paz, French firent paix, German machte Friede. This diplomatic 'make peace' sense is a natural extension of restoring wholeness to a broken relationship, and it connects directly to the noun shalom. 1×
AR["وَصالَحوا"]·ben["এবং-সন্ধি-করলেন"]·DE["und-sie-machte-Friede"]·EN["and-they-made-peace"]·FR["et-ils-fit-paix"]·heb["ו-ישלימו"]·HI["और-संधि-की"]·ID["dan-mereka-berdamai"]·IT["e-essi-fece-pace"]·jav["lan-damel-tentrem"]·KO["그리고-화친하였다"]·PT["e-fizeram-paz"]·RU["и-заключили-мир"]·ES["e-hicieron-paz"]·SW["wakafanya-amani"]·TR["ve-barış-yaptılar"]·urd["اور-اُنہوں-نے-صلح-کی"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H7965 1. peace, absence of conflict (198×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)H3467 1. save, deliver, rescue (Hifil active) (156×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H5127 1. flee, run away (Qal) (144×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[שָׁלֵם103] vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים,…