H4376 H4376
To sell (goods, property, or persons); in Nifal, to be sold; in Hitpael, to sell oneself into servitude or evil.
A thoroughly commercial verb that covers the full spectrum of ancient Near Eastern transactions — selling grain, land, daughters into marriage, and even persons into slavery. In its most theologically charged uses, God 'sells' Israel into the hand of enemies (Judg 2:14; Ps 44:12), treating military defeat as a divine commercial transaction. The Hitpael reflexive adds a striking moral dimension: kings who 'sold themselves' to do evil (1 Kgs 21:20, 25). French vendre and Spanish vender track the literal commerce, while German verkaufen and Arabic ba'a confirm the breadth from marketplace to metaphor.
1. Sell (Qal active) — Active Qal selling: the straightforward transfer of goods, property, or persons for payment. Esau sells his birthright (Gen 25:33), Joseph's brothers sell him (Gen 37:27–28), and land transactions appear throughout Leviticus 25. Also includes the powerful theological metaphor where God 'sells' Israel to enemies (Judg 2:14; Ps 44:12). French vendre and Spanish vender consistently mark this active commercial sense. 47×
AR["باعَ","باعُوا","بَاعَ","بِعْ","بِعْتُموهُمْ","بِعْتُمْ","تَبيعونَ","تَبِيعُ","فَبَاعَ","وَ-بائِعُهُ","وَ-باعَهُم","وَ-باعَهُمْ","وَ-بَاعَهُمْ","وَيَبِيعُهُ","يَبِيعُ","يَبِيعُوا"]·ben["আর-তিনি-বিক্রি-করলেন","আর-সে-বিক্রি-করল","এবং-তিনি-বিক্রি-করলেন-তাদের","এবং-বিক্রি-করল-তাদের","এবং-বিক্রি-করে-তাকে","তারা-বিক্রি-করল","তোমরা-বিক্রি-করেছ","বিক্রয়","বিক্রি-করবে","বিক্রি-করল","বিক্রি-করে","বিক্রি-করেছিলে","বিক্রি-করো"]·DE["[מכרתם]","[תמכרו]","er-sells","es-verkauften","ihr-mich-verkauft-habt","ihr-verkauft-habt","sells","und-er-sells-ihn","und-er-sold","und-er-verkaufte-ihnen","und-sells-ihn","und-verkaufte","und-verkaufte-ihnen","verkaufe","verkaufen","verkauften","verkauften-sie"]·EN["and-he-sells-him","and-he-sold","and-he-sold-them","and-sells-him","and-sold-them","he-sells","sell","sells","sold","will-sell","you-sold"]·FR["et-il-sells-lui","et-il-vendit","et-il-vendit-eux","et-sells-lui","et-vendit-eux","il-sells","sells","tu-vendit","vendit","vendre"]·heb["ו-מכר","ו-מכרו","ו-מכרם","ימכור","ימכר","מכור","מכר","מכר-ה","מכרתם"]·HI["और-बेच-दिया","और-बेच-दिया-उनको","और-बेचा","और-बेचा-उनको","और-बेचा-उन्हें","और-बेचे-उसे","और-बेचेगा-उसे","बेच-दिया","बेच-दे","बेचा","बेचा-उन्होंने","बेचा-तुमने","बेचा-था","बेचे","बेचेगा","बेचो","बेचोगे"]·ID["Dan-menjuallah","akan-menjual","dan-Dia-menjual-mereka","dan-Ia-menjual","dan-menjual","dan-menjuallah-ia-mereka","dan-menjualnya","ia-menjual","jual","juallah","kalian-jual","kamu-jual","kamu-menjual","menjual","mereka-menjual"]·IT["e-egli-sells-lui","e-egli-vendette","e-egli-vendette-loro","e-sells-lui","e-vendette-loro","egli-sells","sells","tu-vendette","vendere","vendette"]·jav["Lan-nyadeni","Lan-sade","Sadena","lan-Panjenenganipun-masrahaken","lan-ngsade-piyambakipun-sedaya","lan-sade","lan-sadhe","nyadé","panjenengan-sedaya-sade","sade","sadenipun","sadhe","sampéyan-sami-sadé","sarta-sade-piyambakipun,","tiyang-sade"]·KO["그리고-그가-그들을-팔았다","그리고-파는-자는","그리고-파셨다","그리고-팔리라-그를","그리고-팔아넘겼다-그들을","그리고-팔았다","너희가-팔았느니라","판-것","팔겠느냐","팔라","팔리라-네가","팔면","팔았다"]·PT["E-os-vendeu","E-vendeu","Vende","e-a-vendendo","e-os-vendeu","e-vende-o","e-vendeu","e-vendeu-os","vender","venderam","vendereis","vendestes"]·RU["И-продал-их","и-продал","и-продал-их","и-продающий-его","и-продаёт-его","продадите","продай","продали","продали-вы","продаст"]·ES["Y-los-vendió","me-vendisteis","venda","vende","vender","venderéis","vendieron","vendisteis","y-lo-venda","y-lo-vende","y-los-vendió","y-vendió"]·SW["alijuza","atauza","kwa-sababu","mmewauza","mtawauza","na-akamuuza","na-akauza","na-akawauza","na-kumuuza","uza","uze","walimuuza","walinu-ujua"]·TR["sat","satabilirsin","satacak-mısınız","satarsa","sattılar","sattınız","ve-satan-onu","ve-satarsa-onu","ve-sattı","ve-sattı-onları"]·urd["اور-بیچ-دیا-اُنہیں","اور-بیچا","اور-بیچے-اُسے","بیچ","بیچا","بیچا-تم-نے","بیچنا","بیچو-گے","بیچی","بیچے","بیچے-گا"]
Gen 25:31, Gen 25:33, Gen 31:15, Gen 37:27, Gen 37:28, Gen 37:36, Gen 45:4, Gen 45:5, Gen 47:20, Gen 47:22, Exod 21:7, Exod 21:8 (+35 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. Be sold (Nifal passive) — The Nifal passive: to be sold. Covers persons sold into slavery (Exod 22:3; Lev 25:39), land that cannot be sold permanently (Lev 25:23), and the rhetorical 'to whom were you sold?' of Isaiah 50:1. German verkauft werden and French être vendu capture this passive voice. The passive appears frequently in Levitical legislation regulating debt slavery and land tenure. 21×
AR["الْمَبيعينَ","بيعَ","بَيْعِهِ","بُعْتُمْ","بُعْنَا","تُبَاعُ","فَ-يُباعُ","وَ-أَبيعُ","وَ-يُباعونَ","وَأَبِيعُ","وَيَبِيعُ","وَيَبِيعُ-","يُبَاعُ","يُبَاعُوا"]·ben["আর-আমি-বিক্রি-করব","এবং-আমি-বিক্রি-করব","এবং-বিক্রি-হবে","এবং-বিক্রি-হয়","এবং-বিক্রি-হয়-","এবং-বিক্রিত-হবে-","তার-বিক্রি-হওয়া","তোমরা-বিক্রিত-হয়েছিলে","তোমাদের-বিক্রি-হয়েছিল","বিক্রি-হওয়ার,","বিক্রি-হবে","বিক্রি-হবে-তারা","বিক্রি-হবে;","বিক্রি-হয়","বিক্রি-হয়েছিল","বিক্রিত-হয়েছিল","বিক্রীত-হতাম","বিক্রীত-হয়েছি","যারা-বিক্রিত-ছিল"]·DE["Krieg-sold","[הנמכרים]","[ומכרתי]","[ונמכרו]","[ימכר]","[נמכרנו]","[נמכרתם]","er-ist-verkaufte","es-soll-sein-verkaufte","ist-verkaufte","sein-seiend-verkaufte","sie-soll-sein-verkaufte","und-er-soll-sein-verkaufte","und-ist-verkaufte","und-ist-verkaufte-"]·EN["and-I-will-sell","and-he-shall-be-sold","and-is-sold","and-is-sold-","and-they-will-be-sold-","he-is-sold","his-being-sold","is-sold","it-shall-be-sold","the-sold","they-shall-be-sold","was-sold","we-had-been-sold","we-have-been-sold","you-were-sold"]·FR["[ימכר]","[נמכרתם]","cela-devra-être-vendit","est-vendit","et-est-vendit","et-est-vendit-","et-il---être-vendit","et-vendre","il-est-vendit","ils-devra-être-vendit","son-étant-vendit","vendre"]·heb["ה-מכר","המכרו","ו-מכר","ו-מכרתי","ו-נמכר","וּ-מכרתי","יימכר","ימכר","ימכרו","מכר","נמכר","נמכרתם","תמכר"]·HI["उसके-बिकने-के","और-बिक जाए","और-बिक जाए-","और-बेचा-जाए","और-बेचूँगा","और-बेचूंगा-मैं","तुम-बेचे-गए","बिक जाने-के","बेचा जाएगा","बेचा-गया","बेचा-जाएगा","बेचे-गए","बेचे-गए-होते-हम","या-वे-बेचे-जाएंगे","वे बेचे जाएंगे","हम-बेचे-गए-हैं"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-menjual","boleh-dijual","dan-Aku-akan-menjual","dan-mereka-akan-dijual-","dan-tidak","dari-tahun","dijual","ia-menjual-diri","kami-dijual","kamu-dijual","kepada-orang-asing","kepadamu","maka-ia dijual","menjual-dirinya","yang-dijual"]·IT["e-e-vendette","e-e-vendette-","e-egli-shall-essere-vendette","e-vendere","e-vendette","egli-e-vendette","essi-dovra-essere-vendette","esso-dovra-essere-vendette","suo-essendo-vendette","vendere","vendette"]·jav["dipun-sade","dipun-sadhe","dipun-sadhe-ipun","dipun-sadhe;","ingkang-kasade","kasadé","kula-dipun-sade","lan-Kawula-badhe-masrahaken","lan-Kawula-badhé-sade","lan-dipun-sade","lan-dipun-sadhe","lan-dipun-sadhe-","panjenengan-dipunsade","panjenengan-kasade","sarta-dipunsade"]·KO["그-팔린","그가-팔린-것의","그들이-팔릴지니라","그리고-내가-팔리라","그리고-팔-것이다-내가","그리고-팔려지게-하겠느냐","그리고-팔리라","그리고-팔리면","팔렸고","팔렸다면","팔렸습니다","팔리리라","팔리면","팔린","팔릴-것이다","팔릴것이다"]·PT["E-venderei","e-se-vender","e-será-vendido","e-serão-vendidos","e-venderei","foi-vendido","fomos-vendidos","for-vendido","fostes-vendidos","fôssemos-vendidos","os-vendidos","se-vender","ser-vendido-ele","será-vendida","será-vendido","serão-vendidos"]·RU["И-продам","будет-продан","должны-продаваться","и-будут-проданы","и-продам","и-продастся","и-продастся-","продавается","продаваться-будет","продажи-его","продан","проданных","проданы-вы","проданы-мы","продастся","то-будет-продан"]·ES["Y-venderé","fue-vendido","fuimos-vendidos","fuisteis-vendidos","fuiéramos-vendidos","los-vendidos","se-vende","será-vendida","será-vendido","serán-vendidos","su-venderse","venderse","y-se-vende","y-será-vendido","y-serán-vendidos-","y-venderé"]·SW["Na-nitawauza","aliuzwa","amejiunza","atauzwa","itauzwa","kujiuza","kuuzwa-kwake","litauzwa","mliuzwa","na-atajiuza","na-atajiuza-","na-kuuzwa","na-nitaiuza","na-wauzwe","tumeuzwa","tungeuzwa","waliouzwa","watauzwa"]·TR["satildiniz","satılacak","satılacaklar","satıldı","satıldık","satılması-","satılmış-olanları","satılsaydık","satılırsa","ve-satacağım","ve-satılacak","ve-satılsınlar-mı-","ve-satılırsa","ve-satılırsa-"]·urd["اور-بکے","اور-بیچوں-گا","اور-بیچوں-گا-میں","اور-بیچے-جائیں-گے-","بکنے","بکنے-اُس-کے","بیچا-جائے","بیچا-جائے-گا","بیچا-گیا","بیچی-جائے-گی","بیچے-جائیں-گے","بیچے-گئے-تم","بیچے-گئے-ہم","تم-بیچے-گئے","تو-بیچا-جائے","جو-بیچے-گئے-تھے"]
3. Seller (Qal participle substantival) — The Qal participle used as a substantive noun: the seller, a vendor. Appears in legal and prophetic contexts contrasting buyer and seller (Isa 24:2; Ezek 7:12–13), and in Nehemiah's accounts of merchants trading on the Sabbath (Neh 13:16, 20). Spanish el que vende ('the one who sells') and French le vendeur mark this as a recognized social role. 8×
AR["الـ-بائِعَ","الْبَائِعَةِ","كَالْبَائِعِ","وَ-الـ-بائِعُ","وَ-بَائِعُوهُنَّ","وَبَائِعُو","وَيَبِيعُونَ","يَبِيعُ"]·ben["-বিক্রেতা","আর-বিক্রি-করত","আর-বিক্রেতা","আর-বিক্রেতারা","এবং-তাদের-বিক্রেতারা","তেমন-বিক্রেতা","বিক্রি-করছে","যে-বিক্রি-করে"]·DE["[המוכר]","[המכרת]","[והמוכר]","[ומכרי]","[ומכריהן]","[ומכרים]","[כמוכר]","ist-selling"]·EN["and-sellers-of","and-selling","and-the-seller","are-held-guilty","is-selling","so-the-seller","the-seller","who-sells"]·FR["[כמוכר]","est-selling","et-vendre","et-von-béliers","vendre"]·heb["ה-מוכר","ה-מוכרת","ו-ה-מוכר","ו-מוכריהן","ו-מכר","כ-מוכר","מכר"]·HI["और-बेचते-थे","और-बेचने-वाला","और-बेचने-वाले","और-बेचनेवाले-उनके","ता-बेचने-वाला","बेच रहा है","बेचने-वाली","बेचने-वाले-की-तरह"]·ID["dan-menjual","dan-penjual-penjual","dan-penjual-penjual-mereka","dan-yang-menjual","menjual","seperti-penjual","yang-menjual"]·IT["e-da-arieti","e-selling","e-vendere","vendere"]·jav["ingkang-sade","kados-ingkang-sade","kang-ngadol","lan-ingkang-sade","lan-ingkang-sadé","lan-para-bakul","lan-sadé","sadhe"]·KO["그-파는-자는","그리고-그들의-파는-자들이","그리고-파는-자는","그리고-파는-자들이","파는-것이다","파는-자-가","파는-자-같이"]·PT["a-que-vende","como-o-vendedor","e-o-vendedor","e-vendedores-de","e-vendedores-delas","e-vendendo","o-vendedor","vendendo"]·RU["и-продавцы","и-продающие","и-продающие-их","и-продающий","как-продающему","продавец","продающей","продаёт"]·ES["como-el-vendedor","el-que-vende","la-que-vende","vende","y-el-que-vende","y-sus-vendedores","y-vendedores-de","y-vendiendo"]·SW["anakuuzia","anayeuza","kama-muuzaji","na-anayeuza","na-wakiuza","na-wauzaji-wa","na-wauzaji-wao"]·TR["satan","satan-gibi","satan-o","ve-satan","ve-satanlar","ve-satanları","ve-satıcıları"]·urd["اور-اُنہیں-بیچنے-والے","اور-بیچنے-والا","اور-بیچنے-والے","بیچتا-ہے","بیچنے-والا","بیچنے-والی","بیچنے-والے-کی-طرح"]
4. Sell oneself (Hitpael reflexive) — The Hitpael reflexive: to sell oneself. Used literally of selling oneself into servitude (Lev 25:47; Deut 28:68 — 'you shall sell yourselves as slaves and no one will buy'), and figuratively of moral self-surrender: Ahab 'sold himself to do evil' (1 Kgs 21:20, 25). Spanish venderse and French se vendre capture this powerful reflexive force, where the subject is both seller and commodity. 4×
AR["باعَ-نَفْسَهُ","بِعْتَ-نَفْسَكَ","وَبَاعُوا-أَنْفُسَهُمْ","وَتَبِيعُونَ"]·ben["এবং-তোমরা-নিজেদের-বিক্রি-করবে","এবং-বিক্রি-করল-নিজেদের","তুমি-বিক্রি-করেছ","বিক্রি-করেছিল"]·DE["du-sold-dich-selbst","sold-sich-selbst","und-du-verkaufen-euch-selbst","und-sie-sold-sich-selbst"]·EN["and-they-sold-themselves","and-you-sell-yourselves","sold-himself","you-sold-yourself"]·FR["et-ils-vendit-eux-mêmes","et-tu-vendre-vous-mêmes","tu-vendit-toi-même","vendit-lui-même"]·heb["התמכר","התמכרך","ו-התמכרו","ו-התמכרתם"]·HI["और-बेच-दिया-अपने-आप-को","और-बेचोगे","बिक-गया"]·ID["dan-menawarkan-diri-kamu","dan-mereka-menjual-diri","kamu-menjual-dirimu","menjual-diri"]·IT["e-essi-vendette-sé-stessi","e-tu-vendere-voi-stessi","tu-vendette-te-stesso","vendette-sé-stesso"]·jav["lan-masrahaken","lan-sade-dhiri","panjenengan-sampun-masrahaken-piyambak","sampun-masrahaken-piyambak"]·KO["그들이-팔았다-자신들을","그리고-팔리라","너가-팔아버림","팔아버렸다"]·PT["e-venderam-se","e-vos-vendereis","vendeste-te","vendeu-se"]·RU["и-будете-продаваться","и-продались","продал-себя"]·ES["se-vendió","te-vendiste","y-os-venderéis","y-se-vendieron"]·SW["alijiuza","kujiuza-kwako","na-mtajiuza","na-wakajiuza"]·TR["sattı-kendini","sattın-kendini","ve-satacaksınız-kendinizi","ve-sattılar-kendilerini"]·urd["اور-بیچ-ڈالے-اپنے-آپ-کو","اور-بیچوگے-تم","بیچ-دیا-اپنے-آپ-کو","بیچ-دیا-تو-نے-اپنے-آپ-کو"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מָכַר vb. sell (NH id.; Ph. מכר; Zinj. מכרו price, DHMSendsch. 60; Aramaic ܡܟܰܪ, מְכַר marry (i.e. buy as a wife); cf. Assyrian makkûru, namkur(r)u, nakkuru, possession, property, DlHWB 408);— Qal Pf. מ׳ Lv 27:20 + 2 times; sf. מְכָרוֹ Ex 21:37 + 2 times; 1 s. מָכַרְתִּי Is 50:1 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. יִמְכֹּר Ex 21:7 +, etc.; Imv. מִכְרָ֫ה Gn 25:31; fs. מִכְרִי 2 K 4:7; Inf. abs. מָכֹר Dt…