ἴδιος G2398
One's own, personal, private; used adverbially for 'privately/apart' and substantively for 'one's own people'
Idios is the Greek adjective for personal ownership and private belonging, standing opposite to koinos ('common, shared'). In the Gospels it most often marks something as distinctly someone's own -- his own city (Matt 9:1), his own property (Matt 25:14). The well-known phrase kat' idian ('privately') appears seventeen times, usually when Jesus withdraws with disciples apart from the crowds (Matt 14:13, 17:1). John's Gospel develops a poignant substantive use: 'He came to his own (ta idia), and his own people (hoi idioi) received him not' (John 1:11). Spanish propio, French propre, and German eigen all map cleanly to the possessive core.
1. one's own, belonging to oneself — The standard possessive adjective meaning 'one's own, belonging to oneself,' used attributively or predicatively with various nouns. Jesus returns to 'his own city' (Matt 9:1), the master entrusts servants with 'his own possessions' (Matt 25:14-15), and Paul speaks of 'one's own body' and 'one's own husband/wife' (1 Cor 7:2-4). Spanish propio/propia, French propre, and German eigen all render this core possessive meaning directly. 91×
AR["-خَاصَّ","الخاصَّةِ","الخَاصَّةَ","حَقلِهِ","خاصَّة","خاصَّتِكَ","خاصَّتِهِ","خاصِّ","خَاصًّا","خَاصَّ","خَاصَّ-هُ","خَاصَّتَهُ","خَاصَّتِ","خَاصَّتِهِ","خَاصَّتِهِمْ"]·ben["নিজস্ব","নিজের","ভাষায়"]·DE["eigen"]·EN["his-own","own"]·FR["propre"]·heb["הַ-","כֹּחוֹ","מְיֻחָד","עֲבָדָיו","שֶׁל-עַצְמוֹ","שֶׁלְּךָ","שֶׁלָּהֶם","שֶׁלּוֹ","שֶׁלוֹ"]·HI["अपना","अपनी","अपने","अपने-से","अपनों","खुद-के","खेत"]·ID["-Nya-sendiri","milik-sendiri","miliknya","miliknya-sendiri","sendiri"]·IT["proprio"]·jav["<piyambak>","dhéwé","kagunganipun-piyambak","piyambak","piyambak,","piyambakipun-piyambak"]·KO["(자신의)","고유한","너-자신-의","방언-으로","자기","자기-","자기-것","자기-것을","자기-것인","자기-의","자기의","자신-의"]·PT["própria","próprias","próprio","próprios","seu"]·RU["Своей","Свой","своими,","своих","своё","собственного","собственное","собственной","собственном","собственному","собственную","собственные","собственным","собственных"]·ES["propia","propias","propias-cosas","propio","propios","suyo"]·SW["lake","lake-mwenyewe","lako-mwenyewe","mwenyewe","shamba","vyake","wake","yake","yake-mwenyewe","yao-wenyewe"]·TR["-de","kendi","kendi,","kendi-yerine","kendinin","kendisinin-olanı"]·urd["-ال","اپنا","اپنی","اپنے","کہتا-تھا"]
Matt 9:1, Matt 22:5, Matt 25:14, Matt 25:15, Mark 4:34, Mark 15:20, Luke 6:41, Luke 6:44, Luke 10:34, John 1:11, John 1:41, John 4:44 (+38 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. privately, apart, alone — The adverbial idiom κατ᾽ ἰδίαν (kat' idian), meaning 'privately, apart, by oneself.' It characteristically describes Jesus withdrawing with the Twelve away from the crowds (Matt 14:13, 17:1, 20:17) or explaining parables in private (Mark 4:34). Spanish aparte, French en privé, and the pattern's consistent rendering across languages confirm it functions as a fixed adverbial expression rather than a simple adjective. 17×
AR["انفِرادٍ","انْفِرادٍ","انْفِرَادٍ","اِنْفِرادٍ","حِدَةٍ","ـي"]·ben["একা","একাকী","একান্তে","নির্জনে","ব্যক্তিগতভাবে"]·DE["eigen"]·EN["himself","private","themselves"]·FR["propre"]·heb["בְּדִידוּת","בַדָּם","בַדּוֹ","בָּדָד","חוֹד","יְחִידוּת","יַחַד","לְבַדְּוֹ","לְבַדְּם","לְבַדָּם","מָקוֹם-בּוֹדֵד","פְּרָטִי"]·HI["अकेले","अकेले-में","अकेलेमें","अलग-में","और","जगह","निजत"]·ID["-","pribadi","pribadi,","sendiri","tersendiri"]·IT["proprio"]·jav["dhateng","dhateng,","dhateng.","mligi","piyambak","piyambakan","piyambakan,","piyambakan.","sepi"]·KO["-자체로","-자체로.","따로","혼자","홀로"]·PT["parte,","particular","sozinho","sozinhos"]·RU["же","наедине","наедине,","одни","одних","особо","отдельно","уединённо","уединённое"]·ES["aparte","privado","solas"]·SW["faragha","faraghani","na","peke-yake","wakisema"]·TR["tenha","yalnız","özel","özel-olarak"]·urd["اکیلے","تنہا","تنہائی","تنہائی-میں","علیحدگی-میں","علیحدہ"]
Matt 14:13, Matt 14:23, Matt 17:1, Matt 17:19, Matt 20:17, Matt 24:3, Mark 4:34, Mark 6:31, Mark 6:32, Mark 7:33, Mark 9:2, Mark 9:28 (+5 more)
3. one's own people, associates — The substantivized form οἱ ἴδιοι ('one's own people') or τὰ ἴδια ('one's own things/home'). John 1:11 makes the theological point with devastating economy: 'He came to his own, and his own received him not.' John 13:1 says Jesus loved 'his own who were in the world,' and Acts 4:23 records the apostles returning 'to their own.' This relational-belonging sense goes beyond mere possession to kinship and community. 6×
AR["أَصْدِقَائِهِ","الخاصَّةَ","خَاصَّتَهُ","خَاصَّتِهِ","خَاصَّتِهِمَا"]·ben["নিজস্ব,","নিজেদের","নিজের","নিজের,","নিজের।","নিজেরদের"]·DE["eigen"]·EN["own","own-people"]·FR["propre"]·heb["מֵידָעָיו","שֶׁלָּהֶם","שֶׁלּוֹ"]·HI["अपने-घर","अपनों-से","अपनोंमेंसे","अपनोन","बताया"]·ID["milik-Nya","rumahnya-sendiri","sendiri","sendiri,","tempatnya-sendiri"]·IT["proprio"]·jav["piyambak","piyambak,","piyambakipun","tiyang-piyambak"]·KO["자기-사람들-에게","자기-사람들을","자기-자들,","자기-집","친한-사람들-의"]·PT["próprias-coisas","próprios","seus"]·RU["своим,","своих","своё,","своё."]·ES["propias-cosas","propios","suyo","suyos"]·SW["jamaa","kwake","wake","wao-wenyewe"]·TR["kendi","kendi-evine","kendi-insanlarını","kendilerine"]·urd["اپنوں","اپنوں-سے","اپنے"]
4. individually, severally — The distributive sense 'individually, severally, each in particular.' In 1 Corinthians 12:11, the Spirit distributes gifts 'to each one individually' (ἰδίᾳ). Spanish particularmente captures this well. It is rare in the NT but represents a genuine Classical Greek usage of the word. 1×
AR["خاصَّةً"]·ben["আলাদাভাবে"]·DE["eigen"]·EN["individually"]·FR["propre"]·heb["לְ-כָל-אֶחָד"]·HI["व्यक्तिगत-रूप-से"]·ID["secara-khusus"]·IT["proprio"]·jav["piyambak"]·KO["각각"]·PT["em-particular"]·RU["отдельно"]·ES["particularmente"]·SW["binafsi"]·TR["bölüştüren"]·urd["علیحدہ"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)H6743b 1. prosper, succeed (intransitive) (40×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἴδιος [ῐδ], α, ον, Attic dialect also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+: __I one's own, pertaining to oneself: hence, __I.1 private, personal (opposed to κοινός): twice in Refs 8th c.BC+ this business is private, not public, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἴδιος ἐν κοινῷ σταλείς embarking as a private man in a public cause, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰ. στόλῳ χρᾶσθαι, opposed to δημοσίῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴδια πράσσων ἢ στρατοῦ ταχθεὶς…