H5670 H5670
To lend on pledge or to borrow against security; Israelite debt-pledge transactions
The denominative verb עָבַט governs the two sides of a pledge-secured loan in ancient Israelite law. In its Hifil (causative) forms, it describes lending — causing another to give a pledge — as in the promise that Israel 'will lend to many nations but will not borrow' (Deut 15:6). In its Qal form, it takes the borrower's perspective: taking a pledge from someone or borrowing against security, as regulated in Deut 24:10. The entire semantic range orbits Deuteronomic legislation about fair lending practices among kinsmen.
Senses
1. lend on pledge, give as a loan (Hifil) — Hifil causative forms meaning 'to lend (on pledge),' representing the creditor's side of the transaction. French 'tu fera preter' (you will cause to lend) and Spanish 'le prestaras' (you will lend to him) clearly render the causative lending sense. Deut 15:6 promises that obedient Israel will lend to many nations, and Deut 15:8 commands generous lending to a poor brother — 'you shall surely lend to him' (using the emphatic infinitive absolute construction). Joel 2:7 contains a disputed form that may belong to a different root. 4×
AR["تُقْرِضُهُ", "وَ-إِقْرَاضًا", "وَ-تُقْرِضُ", "يَنْحَرِفونَ"]·ben["এবং-তুমি-ধার-দেবে", "এবং-ধার-দেওয়া", "তারা-বিচলিত-হয়", "তুমি-ধার-দেবে-তাকে"]·DE["[יעבטון]", "du-soll-leihen-zu-ihn", "und-du-wird-leihen", "und-lending"]·EN["and-lending", "and-you-will-lend", "they-swerve", "you-shall-lend-to-him"]·FR["engager", "et-lending", "et-tu-fera-prêter", "tu-devra-prêter-à-lui"]·heb["ו-ה-עבט", "ו-ה-עבטת", "יעבּטוּן", "תעביטנו"]·HI["उधार-देगा-उसे", "और-उधार-देगा", "और-उधार-देते-हुए", "मोड़ते"]·ID["dan-kamu-akan-meminjamkan-dengan-gadai", "dan-meminjamkan-dengan-gadai", "mereka-menyimpang", "pinjamkanlah-dengan-gadai-kepadanya"]·IT["[יעבטון]", "e-lending", "e-tu-fara-prestare", "tu-dovra-prestare-a-lui"]·jav["kedah-panjenengan-nyambut-piyambakipun", "lan-nyambut", "lan-panjenengan-badhe-nyambut", "piyambakipun-nyimpang"]·KO["그리고-빌려주는-것이면", "그리고-빌려주리라-네가", "빌려주리라-네가-그에게", "어지럽히리라"]·PT["desviam", "e-emprestando", "e-emprestarás", "lhe-emprestarás"]·RU["и-будешь-ссужать", "и-ссужая", "путают", "ссужай-ему"]·ES["le-prestarás", "tuercen", "y-ciertamente-prestar", "y-prestarás-con-prenda"]·SW["kando", "na-kumkopesha", "na-utakopesha", "utamkopesha"]·TR["bozarlar", "ve-ödünç-ver", "ve-ödünç-vereceksin", "ödünç-vereceksin-ona"]·urd["اور-قرض-دینا", "اور-قرض-دے-گا", "تو-ضرور-قرض-دے-گا-اسے", "موڑتے"]
2. take a pledge, borrow on security (Qal) — Qal forms meaning 'to take a pledge' or 'to borrow on security,' presenting the borrower's or pledge-taker's perspective. Spanish 'para tomar en prenda' (to take in pledge) and 'tomaras prestado' (you will borrow) distinguish both nuances. In Deut 24:10 the creditor is forbidden from entering a neighbor's house to seize his pledge, while Deut 15:6 contrasts lending (Hifil) with borrowing (Qal) in a single verse, neatly separating the two stems' roles. 2×
AR["تَقْتَرِضُ", "لِتَأْخُذَ"]·ben["ধার-নেবে", "বন্ধক-নিতে"]·DE["wird-borgen", "zu-nehmen-Pfand"]·EN["to-take-pledge", "will-borrow"]·FR["fera-emprunter", "à-prendre-pledge"]·heb["ל-עבוט", "תעבוט"]·HI["उधार-लेगा", "गिरवी-लेने-को"]·ID["akan-meminjam-dengan-gadai", "untuk-mengambil"]·IT["a-prendere-pledge", "fara-prendere-in-prestito"]·jav["badhe-nyambut", "kanggé-mendhet-gadhe"]·KO["빌리리라-네가", "잡으려고"]·PT["para-penhorar", "tomarás-emprestado"]·RU["будешь-занимать", "чтобы-взять-залог"]·ES["para-tomar-en-prenda", "tomarás-prestado"]·SW["kuchukua", "kukopa"]·TR["almak-için", "ödünç-alacaksın"]·urd["قرض-لے-گا", "لینے"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עָבַט] vb. denom. take or give a pledge;— Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲבֹט Dt 24:10 to take possession of a thing pledged (c. acc. cogn.); Impf. 2 ms. give a pledge תַּעֲבֹט Dt 15:6 (i.e. borrow). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ֫ גּוֹיִם רַבִּים v 6 and thou shalt cause many nations to give pledges (i.e. lend to them); Impf. 3 ms. sf. + Inf. abs. הַעֲבֵט תַּעֲבִיטֶנּוּ v 8 thou shalt surely lend to him…