H5503 H5503
To go about as a trader or traveler; as a participle, a merchant; by extension, to throb or palpitate.
At its root this verb means to go around or travel about, and its most common biblical use is the Qal participle functioning as a noun: 'merchant, trader.' In Genesis 23:16 Abraham pays the Hittites with silver 'current among the merchants' (socher), and Proverbs 31:14 compares the excellent wife to merchant ships. The finite verb appears in Genesis 34 where Shechem's people are invited to trade freely in the land. A surprising Piel usage in Psalm 38:10 describes a throbbing heart. Spanish captures the commercial core well with 'mercaderes' and 'comerciar,' while German 'Händler' maps precisely to the substantival participle.
Senses
1. merchant, trader (substantive) — The Qal participle used as a substantive noun meaning merchant or trader — a person who travels about buying and selling goods. This is by far the most frequent use, spanning patriarchal negotiations (Gen 23:16), Solomon's international commerce (1 Kgs 10:28; 2 Chr 1:16), and the prophetic depiction of Tyre's trading partners (Isa 23:2; Ezek 27:12–18). Spanish 'mercaderes' and German 'Händler' consistently translate this sense. 16×
AR["تاجِرٍ","تَاجِرَتُكِ","تُجَّارُ","تُجَّارُكِ","تُجَّارُهَا","تُجّارٌ","تِجَارِ","لِـ-التَّاجِرِ","وَالتّاجِرينَ","وَتُجَّارُ"]·ben["-তোমার-বণিকেরা","আর-বণিকেরা","ও-ব্যবসায়ীদের","তোমার-ব্যবসায়ী","তোমার-ব্যবসায়ীরা","বণিক","বণিকদের-কাছে","বণিকরা","বণিকের","বণিকেরা","ব্যবসায়ীরা"]·DE["Händler","[והסחרים]","[וסחרי]","[סוחר]","[סחר]","[סחרי]","[סחריה]","[סחריך]","[סחרים]","[סחרתך]","beim-Händler","traders-von"]·EN["a-merchant","and-merchants-of","and-the-merchants","merchant-of","merchants","merchants-of","to-the-merchant","traders-of","traders-of-","your-merchant","your-traders"]·FR["[והסחרים]","[סחר]","[סחרי]","[סחריה]","[סחריך]","commercer","et-commercer","merchants","traders-de","à-le-merchant"]·heb["ו-ה-סחרים","ו-סוחרי","ל-ה-סחר","סוֹחֲרֵי","סוחר","סוחרי","סוחריה","סוחרייך","סוחריך","סוחרים","סוחרתך","סחרי","סחרים"]·HI["और-व्यापारी","और-सौदागरों-के","तेरे-व्यापारी","व्यापारी","व्यापारी-","व्यापारी-के","व्यापारी-के-लिए","व्यापारी-तेरी","व्यापारी-तेरे"]·ID["Pedagang-pedagang","dan-pedagang-pedagang","pedagang","pedagang-pedagang","pedagang-pedagang-","pedagang-pedagangmu","pedagang-pedagangmu.","pedagang-pedagangnya","pedagangmu","untuk-pedagang"]·IT["[והסחרים]","[וסחרי]","[סחר]","[סחרי]","[סחריה]","[סחריך]","[סחרים]","[סחרתך]","a-il-merchant","merchants","traders-di","un-merchant"]·jav["Para-sudagar","Para-sudagar-panjenengan","dagang","dagang-panjenengan","kangge-sudagar","lan-para-sudagar","lan-sudagar-sudagar-ing","para-sudagar","para-sudagaripun","sudagar","sudagar-panjenengan.","sudagér"]·KO["그리고-그-상인들-이","그리고-상인들-","너의-상인들이","상인-에게","상인들의","상인들이","상인들이-","상인들이었다-","상인들이었다-너의","상인의","상인이었다-너의","상인이여"]·PT["Mercadores","comerciantes","comerciantes-de","e-mercadores-de","e-os-negociantes","mercador","mercador-de","mercadores-de","para-o-mercador","seus-mercadores","teus-comerciantes","tua-comerciante"]·RU["и-купцы","и-торговцев","купец","купцы","купцы-её","торговал-с-тобой","торговца","торговцы","торговцы-твои","у-торговца"]·ES["Mercaderes","comerciantes-de","los-mercaderes-de","mercader","mercaderes","mercaderes-de","para-el-mercader","sus-mercaderes","tu-comerciante","tus-comerciantes","tus-mercaderes","y-los-comerciantes","y-mercaderes-de"]·SW["Wafanyabiashara","kwa-wafanyabiashara","mfanyabiashara","mfanyabiashara-wako","na-wachuuzi","na-wafanyabiashara-wa","wafanyabiashara","wafanyabiashara-wa","wafanyabiashara-wake","wafanyabiashara-wako"]·TR["tucarlarinin","tuccar","tuccarlari","tüccara","tüccarlar","tüccarları","tüccarların","tüccarın","ve-tacirler","ve-tüccarları"]·urd["اور-تاجروں","اور-سوداگروں-کے","اُس-کے-تاجر","تاجر-","تاجر-تیرا","تاجر-تیرے","تاجر-کے","تاجرو","تاجروں","تاجروں-میں","تیرے-تاجر","سوداگر","سوداگروں"]
Gen 23:16, Gen 37:28, 1 Kgs 10:28, 2 Chr 1:16, 2 Chr 9:14, Prov 31:14, Isa 23:2, Isa 23:8, Isa 47:15, Ezek 27:12, Ezek 27:16, Ezek 27:18 (+4 more)
2. to trade, do business — Qal finite forms (imperfect, imperative) meaning to engage in trade or do business in a place. In Genesis 34:10 and 34:21 the sons of Jacob are invited to settle, trade, and acquire property in the land; 42:34 echoes the permission to 'trade in the land.' The verbal force is active commercial engagement rather than a person-label. Spanish 'comerciar' and German 'handeln' both render the verbal action directly. 3×
AR["تَتَاجَرُوا","وَ-اتَّجِرُوا-ها","وَ-لِيَتَّاجِرُوا"]·ben["আর-ব্যবসা-কর-সেখানে","আর-ব্যবসা-করুক","বাণিজ্য-করবে"]·DE["dürft-ihr-bereisen","und-handeln-darin","und-handelt-darin"]·EN["and-let-them-trade","and-trade-in-it","you-may-trade"]·FR["et-que-eux-trade","et-trade-dans-cela","tu-puisse-trade"]·heb["ו-יסחרו","ו-סחרוה-ה","תסחרו"]·HI["और-व्यापार-करें","और-व्यापार-करो-उसमें","व्यापार-करोगे-तुम"]·ID["dan-berdaganglah","dan-biarlah-mereka-berdagang","kamu-boleh-berdagang"]·IT["e-let-loro-trade","e-trade-in-esso","tu-may-trade"]·jav["lan-dagang-ing-piyambakipun","sampéyan-sami-saged-dagang"]·KO["그리고-거래하게-하라","그리고-거래하라","오가리라"]·PT["e-comerciai-a","e-comerciarão","negociareis"]·RU["будете-торговать","и-торгуйте-ею","и-торгуют"]·ES["comerciaréis","y-comerciarán","y-comercien-en-ella"]·SW["kumzaliw","kuuzisha","na-kuuzisha"]·TR["ticaret-yapacaksınız","ve-ticaret-yapsınlar","ve-ticaret-yapın-onu"]·urd["اور-کاروبار-کرو-اُس-میں","اور-کاروبار-کریں","تجارت-کرو-گے"]
3. to throb, palpitate (Piel) — A semantically distinct Piel sense meaning to throb or palpitate, used of the heart. Psalm 38:10 (MT v. 11) says 'my heart throbs' (secharchar). This intensive stem likely extends the root idea of going around in circles to the rapid beating of the heart. It stands alone in biblical usage and most translations treat it separately from the commercial senses. 1×
AR["يَخْفِقُ"]·ben["ধড়ফড়-করছে"]·DE["throbs"]·EN["throbs"]·FR["marchand"]·heb["סחרחר"]·HI["धड़कता-है"]·IT["[סחרחר]"]·jav["dag-dig-dug"]·KO["두근거리도다"]·PT["palpita"]·RU["трепещет"]·ES["palpita"]·SW["unapiga"]·TR["hızla-çarpar"]·urd["دھڑکتا-ہے"]
4. to go about, travel around — The base Qal meaning to go about or travel around without specific commercial connotation. Jeremiah 14:18 describes prophet and priest going about (sacharu) in a land they do not know. This preserves the verb's original ambulatory semantics before its commercial specialization. Spanish 'anduvieron' (they went about) captures this wandering sense. 1×
AR["جَالُوا"]·ben["বণিক-করেছে"]·DE["[סחרו]"]·EN["go-about"]·FR["[סחרו]"]·heb["סחרו"]·HI["घूमते-हैं"]·ID["berkeliling"]·IT["[סחרו]"]·jav["kluyuran"]·KO["돌아다녔다"]·PT["vagueiam"]·RU["бродят"]·ES["anduvieron"]·SW["wametangatanga"]·TR["gezindiler"]·urd["پھرتے-ہیں"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [סָחַר] vb. go around, about, travel about in (NH id., go about as merchant, pedlar, perhaps denom. from סוֹחֵר (Jastr); 𝔗 סְחַר, אַסְחַר 4 PS2593 (rare), especially Chr Pal. Aramaic v. SchwallyIdiot. 61 f.; Assyrian saḫâru, turn, surround, Tel Am. return WklTA Gloss.; 𝔗 surround (often), and deriv.; Arabic سَخَرَ is mock at, deride);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. סָֽחֲרוּ Je 14:18; Impf. 3 mpl. יִסְחֲרוּ…