H5423 H5423
To pull, tear, or draw away; to snap or break bonds; passively, to be torn off, broken apart, or uprooted.
Nataq is the Hebrew verb of violent separation — pulling apart what was joined, snapping what was bound, uprooting what was planted. Its most dramatic appearances involve Samson tearing his bonds 'as a thread of tow is snapped' (Judg 16:9, 12), and the messianic psalm where the nations cry 'let us burst their bonds apart' (Ps 2:3). The word's range runs from the physical — pulling a ring off a finger (Jer 22:24), drawing soldiers from a city (Judg 20:32) — to the theological, where tearing bonds becomes a metaphor for liberation (Isa 58:6; Ps 107:14). The Arabic cognate nataqa ('pull off, draw out, shake') preserves the same concrete-to-figurative arc, and Spanish arrancar ('to wrench out, uproot') covers much of the semantic territory in a single verb.
Senses
1. snap, break off (Piel) — The Piel intensive active: to snap, break, or tear apart bonds, cords, or fetters by force. This is the most vivid sense, with 9 occurrences concentrated in scenes of breaking free from restraint. Samson snaps new ropes (Judg 16:9, 12), the psalmist envisions nations breaking God's bonds (Ps 2:3), and God's people are freed from chains of wickedness (Isa 58:6; Ps 107:14). Spanish romper ('to break') and French arracher ('to tear out') both select forceful-breaking vocabulary. The Piel intensification underscores the violence of the action — this is not untying but snapping. 9×
AR["أَقْطَعُ", "تَقْطَعُونَ", "قَطَعْتُ", "قَطَّعُوا", "لِنُقَطِّعَ", "وَ-قَطَعَ", "وَ-قَطَعَهَا", "يَقطَع"]·ben["আমি-ছিঁড়ে-ফেলব", "আসুন-আমরা-ছিঁড়ে-ফেলি", "এবং-ছিঁড়ে-ফেললেন", "ছিঁড়ে-ফেলব-আমি", "ছিঁড়েছিলাম", "ছিঁড়েছে", "তিনি-ছিঁড়ে-দিলেন", "তোমরা-ভেঙে-দেবে"]·DE["[אנתק]", "er-broke", "lass-uns-zerbrechen", "und-snapped", "und-snapped-ihnen", "zerreissen"]·EN["He-broke", "I-tore-off", "I-will-tear-apart", "I-will-tear-off", "and-snapped", "and-snapped-them", "have-torn-off", "let-us-break", "you-shall-break"]·FR["arracher", "et-snapped", "et-snapped-eux"]·heb["אנתק", "ו-ניתק", "ו-נתקם", "ינתק", "ניתקו", "ניתקתי", "ננתקה", "תנתקו"]·HI["उन्होंने-तोड़-डाले", "उसने-तोड़ा", "और-तोड़ा", "और-तोड़ा-उन्हें", "तोड़ा-मैंने", "तोड़ूँगा-मैं", "तोड़ो", "मैं-तोड़-दूँगा", "हम-तोड़-डालें"]·ID["Aku-akan-memutuskan", "Aku-akan-memutuskan.", "Aku-memutuskan", "Ia-putuskan", "Marilah-kita-putuskan", "dan-memutuskan", "kamu-mematahkan", "memutuskan"]·IT["[אנתק]", "e-snapped", "e-snapped-loro", "ruppe", "strappare"]·jav["Aku-badhe-medot", "Kawula-badhé-medhot", "Kawula-medhot", "Payo-pedhot-", "dipunpedhot", "lan-piyambakipun-medhot", "panjenengan-pedhot", "sami-ngethok"]·KO["그리고-끊었다", "그리고-끊었다-그것들을", "끊었다", "끊으리라", "끊으셨도다", "끊자", "내가-끊었다", "내가-끊으리라", "너희가-끊으라"]·PT["E-rompeu", "Rompamos", "arrancareis", "e-rompeu-os", "romperam", "romperei", "rompeu", "rompi"]·RU["И-разорвал", "И-разорвал-их", "разорвал-Я", "разорвали", "разорву", "разорвём", "разорвёте", "разрывает"]·ES["Rompamos", "Y-rompió", "romper", "romperé", "rompieron", "rompió", "rompí", "y-las-rompió"]·SW["Tuvunje", "alivikata", "kuvunja", "na-akazikata", "nilikata", "nitavikata", "nitazikata", "wamekata"]·TR["koparacağım", "koparalım", "kopardı", "kopardılar", "kopardım", "koparmak", "ve-koparıverdi", "ve-koparıverdi-onları"]·urd["آؤ-توڑ-ڈالیں", "اور-توڑ-ڈالا", "اور-توڑ-ڈالا-اُنہیں", "توڑ-دو", "توڑ-دوں-گا-میں", "توڑ-دیں", "توڑ-ڈالے-ہیں", "میں-توڑ-ڈالوں-گا", "کھینچیں"]
2. be broken, be snapped (Nifal) — The Nifal passive of breaking: to be broken, be snapped, said of cords, ropes, or bonds that give way under strain. Six occurrences describe the result rather than the act — Samson's bowstrings 'were snapped' like burnt flax (Judg 16:9), Job's purposes 'are broken off' (Job 17:11), and the threefold cord of Ecclesiastes 4:12 'is not quickly broken.' Spanish fueron-rotos and se-rompe, alongside French snaps, consistently mark passive voice. The Nifal transforms the agent-focused Piel (sense 1) into a patient-focused observation: the bond gives way. 6×
AR["انْقَطَعَتْ", "اِنْقَطَعَتْ", "تُقْطَعَ", "سَرِيعًا", "يَنقَطِعُ", "يَنْقَطِعُ"]·ben["ছিঁড়ে-গেছে", "ছিঁড়ে-যাবে", "ছিঁড়ে-যায়", "ছিন্ন-হয়েছে", "ছেঁড়া-হবে"]·DE["[ינתק]", "[נתקו]", "snaps", "zerreissen"]·EN["are-broken", "is-broken", "shall-be-broken", "snaps"]·FR["arracher", "snaps", "ינתק", "נתקו"]·heb["יינתק", "יינתקו", "ינתק", "ניתק", "ניתקו"]·HI["टूट-गईं", "टूटता", "टूटता-है", "टूटती", "टूटेंगी"]·ID["akan-terputus", "putus", "terputus"]·IT["snaps", "sono-broken", "strappare", "è-broken"]·jav["dipun-pedhot", "dipunpedhot", "dipunpedot", "kapedèt", "pedhot", "sami-pedhot"]·KO["끊긴다", "끊어졌나니", "끊어졌다", "끊어지기를", "끊어지지"]·PT["foram-cortados", "foram-rompidas", "se-rompe", "serão-rompidas"]·RU["порвутся", "разорваны", "разорвётся.", "разрывается", "рвётся"]·ES["fueron-cortadas", "fueron-rotos", "se-rompe", "se-romperá", "será-rota"]·SW["haitakatika", "imekatwa", "inavyokatika", "kukatika", "vunjwa", "zimekatika"]·TR["kopar", "koparilacak", "koparılır", "kopmus", "koptu"]·urd["ٹوٹ گئے", "ٹوٹ-گئیں", "ٹوٹتا", "ٹوٹتا-ہے", "ٹوٹتی", "ٹوٹیں-گی"]
3. draw away, lure out (Qal/Hifil) — The Qal and Hifil senses of drawing away or luring out persons from a position. This military and political usage appears 5 times: Joshua draws the men of Ai out from the city (Josh 8:6), Israelite warriors lure Benjaminites into pursuit (Judg 20:32), and God threatens to 'tear off' Jehoiachin like a signet ring from his finger (Jer 22:24). Spanish arrancar and alejar ('to remove, distance') and French tirer-au-loin ('to pull far away') all capture the directional pulling. The key distinction from sense 1 is that here whole persons are relocated, not bonds broken. 5×
AR["أَنْتَزِعُكَ", "اِجْمَعْهُمْ", "نَجذِبَهُم", "وَ-نَجْذِبْهُمْ", "وَمَنْزُوعٌ"]·ben["আমাদের-টেনে-আনা", "আমি-টেনে-নেব-তোমাকে।", "এবং-ছেঁড়া", "এবং-টেনে-আনব", "টেনে-নাও-তাদের"]·DE["und-draw-ihnen-weg", "und-zerrissen", "wir-haben-drawn-ihnen-weg", "zerreissen"]·EN["I-would-tear-you-off", "Pull-them-out", "and-draw-them-away", "and-torn", "we-have-drawn-them-away"]·FR["arracher", "et-déchiré", "et-tirer-eux-au-loin", "nous-avoir-drawn-eux-au-loin"]·heb["אתקנך", "התיקם", "התיקנו", "ו-ננתקנו", "ו-נתוק"]·HI["उखाड़ूँगा-तुझे-मैं", "और-खींचें-उन्हें", "और-फटा-हुआ", "खींच-ले-उन्हें", "खींचेंगे"]·ID["akan-Kucabut-engkau", "dan-mari-kita-tarik-dia", "dan-yang-disobek", "kami-menarik-mereka", "seret-mereka"]·IT["e-strappato", "e-tirare-loro-via", "noi-avere-tratto-loro-via", "strappare"]·jav["Aku-badhe-nyuwèk-panjenengan", "Tariken-piyambakipun", "kita-narik", "lan-dipun-pedhot", "lan-kawula-sedaya-narik-piyambakipun"]·KO["그리고-끊어진", "그리고-끌어내자", "끌어내소서", "내가-너를-빼리라", "우리가-끌어내기까지"]·PT["afastarmos-os", "arranca-os", "e-arrancado", "e-atrairemo-los", "te-arrancaria"]·RU["и-отвлечём-их", "и-оторванное", "отдели-их", "отрывания-нами", "сорву-тебя"]·ES["arráncalos", "que-los-alejemos", "te-arrancaré", "y-arrancado", "y-lo-atraeremos"]·SW["na-aliyekatwa", "na-tuwavute", "nitakung’oa", "tutakapowavuta", "wawatenge"]·TR["ayır", "koparırdım-seni", "ve-koparılmış", "ve-çekelim-onları", "çekmemize"]·urd["اور-نوچے-ہوئے", "اور-کھینچیں-اُنہیں", "اکھاڑ-دوں-گا-تجھے", "کھینچ-اُنہیں", "کھینچنے-ہمارے"]
4. be uprooted, be torn out (Nifal) — The Nifal passive of uprooting: to be torn out, uprooted, or pulled away from a fixed place. Three occurrences describe permanent dislodging — the priests' feet are 'lifted' from the Jordan as the waters return (Josh 4:18), the wicked man is 'torn from his tent' (Job 18:14), and lead fails to be 'separated' from dross (Jer 6:29). Spanish arrancaron ('they uprooted') and French arracher confirm the extraction-from-rootedness sense. While sense 2 describes bonds breaking, sense 4 describes rooted things being pulled free — a difference in what is being separated. 3×
AR["انفَصَلَت", "انْفَصَلُوا", "يُقْلَعُ"]·ben["আলাদা-হয়েছে", "উঠে-আসলেন", "উৎপাটিত-হবে"]·DE["[ינתק]", "waren-erhob", "zerreissen"]·EN["are-separated", "is-torn", "were-lifted"]·FR["arracher", "étaient-leva", "ינתק"]·heb["יינתק", "ניתקו"]·HI["अलग-होए", "उखड़े", "वह-उखाड़ा-जाएगा"]·ID["dicabut", "tercabutlah", "terpisah"]·IT["furono-alzò", "strappare", "è-torn"]·jav["dipunpedhot", "kapedhot", "ngantos"]·KO["끊어지리라", "떠났다", "분리되지"]·PT["Será-arrancado", "arrancaram-se", "foram-arrancados"]·RU["будет-оторван", "отделены", "оторвались"]·ES["Será-arrancado", "arrancaron", "fueron-arrancados"]·SW["ataondolewa", "ondolewa", "ziling'olewa"]·TR["ayrıldı", "kaldırıldı", "sökülur"]·urd["الگ-ہوئے", "اُٹھے", "اُکھاڑا جائے"]
5. uproot, pull up (Piel) — The Piel with an uprooting or pulling-up nuance, applied to tent pegs and plants. Ezekiel 17:9 asks whether a transplanted vine's roots will be 'pulled up,' and Ezekiel 23:34 uses the image of tearing at one's own breasts in grief. Spanish arrancaras ('you shall uproot') treats both as agricultural-extraction imagery. Only 2 occurrences, but the object class (rooted, growing things) distinguishes this from the bond-snapping of sense 1 and the person-drawing of sense 3. 2×
AR["تَنْتَزِعِينَ", "يَقْلَعُ"]·ben["উপড়ে-ফেলবে", "ছিঁড়বে-তুমি"]·DE["[ינתק]", "[תנתקי]"]·EN["he-pull-up", "you-shall-tear"]·FR["arracher"]·heb["ינתק", "תנתקי"]·HI["उखाड़ेगा", "नोचेगी-तू"]·ID["engkau-akan-mencabik", "ia-akan-mencabut"]·IT["[ינתק]", "[תנתקי]"]·jav["panjenengan-badhe-nyuwèk", "piyambakipun-badhé-nyuwil"]·KO["뽑아내리라", "찢으리라"]·PT["arrancará", "arrancarás"]·RU["вырвет", "твои"]·ES["arrancará", "arrancarás"]·SW["kung’olewa", "utararua"]·TR["koparacaksın", "sökülüp-atılacak"]·urd["اُکھاڑے-گا", "نوچے-گی"]
6. be drawn away (Hofal/Nifal) — The Hofal and Nifal passive of being drawn away or lured out, the mirror image of sense 3. Joshua 8:16 and Judges 20:31 both describe defenders who 'were drawn away' from their city by feigned retreat. Spanish fueron-atraidos ('they were attracted/drawn') and French etaient-drawn-au-loin both mark the passive-victim perspective — the soldiers did not choose to leave but were lured. The tactical-deception context and passive morphology together distinguish this from the active drawing of sense 3. 2×
AR["اِنْجَذَبُوا", "وَ-انفَصَلوا"]·ben["এবং-ছিঁড়ে-গেল", "প্রলুব্ধ-হল"]·DE["und-waren-drawn-weg", "waren-drawn-weg"]·EN["and-were-drawn-away", "were-drawn-away"]·FR["et-étaient-drawn-au-loin", "étaient-drawn-au-loin"]·heb["ו-ניתקו", "ניתקו"]·HI["और-खींचे-गए", "खींचे-गए"]·ID["dan-terputuslah", "mereka-tertarik"]·IT["e-furono-tratto-via", "furono-tratto-via"]·jav["dipun-narik", "lan-kapisah"]·KO["그리고-끊어졌다", "끌렸다"]·PT["e-foram-atraídos", "foram-atraídos"]·RU["и-оторвались", "отделились"]·ES["fueron-atraídos", "y-fueron-alejados"]·SW["na-wakavutwa", "wakavutwa"]·TR["ve-ayrıldılar", "çekildiler"]·urd["اور-کھنچے-گئے", "کھنچ-گئے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָתַק] vb. pull, draw, tear away, apart, off (NH id.; 𝔗 נְתַק in der. species (rare), pull off, tear off; Chr Pal. Aramaic ܢܬܩ shake off, SchwallyIdiot. 58; Arabic نَتَقَ pull off, draw out, shake; Di 660 cp. Ethiopic ነተገ, ነትገ detrahere, etc.);— Qal Pf. 1 pl. sf. וּנְתַקְּנוּהוּ consec. Ju 20:32 (on d. f. dirim. v. Ges§ 20 h); Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶתְּקֶנְךָּ Je 22:24 (cf. Ges§ 58, i); Pt. pass.…