H1986 H1986
To strike, hammer, or beat; by extension, to overcome or stagger, as one struck down by wine or force.
A forceful verb evoking the heavy blow of a hammer or mallet. Its most vivid appearance is in the Song of Deborah, where Jael hammers a tent peg through Sisera's skull (Judg 5:26), and in the same poem the hooves of galloping horses pound the ground (Judg 5:22). The Phoenician cognate mahlam confirms the root's association with hammering. Beyond literal striking, the word extends to the reeling stagger of those overcome by wine (Isa 28:1) or the surging movement of a crowd (1 Sam 14:16), where the blow is metaphorical but the impact is just as disorienting.
Senses
1. strike, beat, hammer — The primary sense of delivering a physical blow -- striking, beating, or hammering with force. Jael hammers the tent peg through Sisera's temple (Judg 5:26, paired with machaq and machats for devastating effect), horse hooves pound the battlefield (Judg 5:22), and the psalmist welcomes a righteous man's corrective blow (Ps 141:5). Psalm 74:6 describes the smashing of carved panels with axes. The Spanish golpear and the consistent translation evidence point to violent, directed impact. 7×
AR["الضَّارِبَ", "دَقَّتْ", "ضَرَبُوا", "لَكَمُونِي", "لِيَضْرِبْنِي-", "وَ-ضَرَبَتْ", "يَحْطِمونَ"]·ben["আঘাত-করল", "আঘাত-করুক-আমাকে-", "এবং-আঘাত-করল", "তারা-আমাকে-আঘাত-করেছে", "তারা-ভেঙ্গে-ফেলে।", "যে-আঘাত-করে"]·DE["[הולם]", "[הלמו]", "[הלמוני]", "lass-schlagen-mich", "pounded", "sie-smash", "und-sie-hammered"]·EN["and-she-hammered", "let-strike-me", "pounded", "saying", "struck-down", "they-beat-me", "they-smash"]·FR["[הולם]", "[הלמו]", "et-elle-hammered", "frapper", "frapper-moi", "pounded"]·heb["הולם", "הלמו", "הלמוני", "ו-הלמה", "יהלמון", "יהלמני"]·HI["और-मारा-उसने", "तोड़-दी", "पीटा-है-मुझे", "पीटे", "मारने-वाला", "मारे-मुझे"]·ID["biarlah-memukul-aku-", "dan-memukullah-ia", "memukullah", "mereka-memukul", "mereka-menghancurkan", "meremukkan", "yang-memukul"]·IT["[יהלמון]", "[יהלמני]", "colpire", "e-ella-hammered", "essi-beat-me-mio", "pounded"]·jav["Mugi-dipungebŭg-kula-", "ingkang-nggebug", "kawula-dipungebugi", "lan-nuthuk", "nuthuk", "sampun-nggebag", "tiyang-tiyang-meremuk"]·KO["그리고-쳤다", "꺾었으니", "나-를-치게-하라", "두드렸다", "매맸으나-나를", "쳐부수나이다", "치는-자를"]·PT["Fira-me", "bateram-me", "destroçam", "e-martelou", "golpearam", "martelaram", "o-que-golpeia"]·RU["бьющего", "и-ударила", "избили-меня", "побили", "пусть-поразит-меня-", "разбивают", "стучали"]·ES["Que-me-golpee-", "golpeador", "golpean", "golpearon", "me-azotaron", "y-golpeó"]·SW["anayepiga", "mwenye-haki-anipige", "na-akampiga", "walinichapa", "wameyavunja", "wanavunja", "zilipiga"]·TR["dövüldler-beni", "dövüldü", "parçalarlar", "ve-çaldı", "vurana", "vurdular", "vursun-beni-"]·urd["اور-مارا-اُس-نے", "بجے", "مارے-مجھے", "وہ-ٹوڑتے-ہیں", "پیٹا-مجھے", "پیٹنے-والے", "کچلا"]
2. overcome, stagger (metaphorical) — An extended metaphorical sense of being overcome, staggered, or beaten down -- not by a physical hammer but by an overwhelming force. Isaiah 28:1 uses the Qal passive participle halumei to describe Ephraim's leaders as 'smitten by wine,' reeling drunkards whose judgment is impaired. In 1 Samuel 14:16, the verb captures the swaying, surging movement of a disintegrating army. The shift from tool-on-object to force-on-person marks a meaningful metaphorical extension from hammering to overwhelming. 2×
AR["مَضْرُوبِي", "وَ-يَضْطَرِبُ"]·ben["আঘাতপ্রাপ্ত", "আর-ছুটছিল"]·DE["[הלומי]", "und-swaying"]·EN["and-swaying", "with-wine"]·FR["[הלומי]", "et-vacillant"]·heb["הלומי", "ו-הלום"]·HI["और-इधर", "मारे-हुए"]·ID["ke-sana-ke-mari", "orang-orang-yang-mabuk"]·IT["colpire", "e-swaying"]·jav["lan-mriki", "tiyang-ingkang-dipun-kalahaken-kalayan"]·KO["그리고-이리저리", "취하여-맞은-자들의"]·PT["atingidos-por", "e-vinha"]·RU["и-сюда", "поражённых-"]·ES["vencidos-de", "y-acá"]·SW["na-kwenda", "walioshindwa-na"]·TR["ve-öteye", "vurulanlari"]·urd["اِدھر-اُدھر", "مارے-ہوئے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [הָלַם] vb. smite, hammer, strike down (cf. Ph. מהלם infr. sub מַהֲלֻמוֹת);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְהָֽלְמָה consec. Ju 5:26; 3 pl. הָֽלְמוּ Ju 5:22 Is 16:8; sf. הֲלָמוּנִי Pr 23:35; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יֶהֶלְמֵנִי ψ 141:5; 3 mpl. יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן ψ 74:6; Pt. act. ה֫וֹלֶם פָּ֑עַם Is 41:7 (cf. Ges§ 29, 3 b); pass. cstr. הֲלוּמֵי Is 28:1;—smite (with hammer), sq. acc. pers. Ju 5:26 (fatally; ‖ מָחַק, מָחַץ);…