H1878 H1878
To be or become fat; in Piel, to make fat, anoint, accept favorably, or remove altar ashes.
Rooted in the concrete image of animal fat and richness, dashen spans from literal grease to spiritual flourishing. The Qal describes Israel growing 'fat' in prosperity (Deut 31:20), while the Piel branches remarkably: the psalmist's head is 'anointed' with oil at a feast (Ps 23:5), God is asked to 'accept with favor' a burnt offering (Ps 20:3), and priests 'remove the ashes' from the altar (Exod 27:3). Spanish 'ungiste' (you anointed) and 'engorda' (fattens) neatly track how one root covers both ritual and physical nourishment. The Hitpael in Isaiah 34:6 paints the Lord's sword 'gorged' with sacrificial fat.
Senses
1. be fat, be enriched — Intransitive sense of becoming fat, prosperous, or enriched, appearing in Qal, Pual, and Niphal forms. Deuteronomy 31:20 warns that Israel will grow 'fat' and turn to other gods, while Prov 11:25 promises the generous soul 'will be enriched.' Spanish 'será-prosperado' and German cognates confirm the metaphorical extension from physical fatness to general thriving and abundance. 5×
AR["تُسَمَّنُ","وَيَسْمَنُ","يَسْمَنُ","يُسَمَّنُ"]·ben["এবং-মোটা-হবে","পুষ্ট-হবে","মোটা-হবে"]·DE["[ידשן]","[תדשן]","und-sein-fett"]·EN["and-be-fat","is-richly-supplied","shall-be-enriched","will-be-enriched"]·FR["[ידשן]","et-être-graisse","gras"]·heb["ו-דשן","ידושן","תדושן"]·HI["उपजाऊ-बनेगी","और-मोटा-होगा","मोटा-होगा","मोटा-होगा।"]·ID["akan-digemukkan","dan-gemuk"]·IT["[ידשן]","e-essere-grasso","will-essere-enriched","è-richly-supplied"]·jav["badé-digiyaraken","dados-lemu","lan-lemu"]·KO["그리고-살찐리라","살지다","살지우리라","살찐다"]·PT["e-engordará","se-engordurará","será-engordada","será-feito-gordo"]·RU["и-разжиреет","напитается","насытится","утучнеет"]·ES["será-engordada","será-engrosado","será-prosperado","y-engordará"]·SW["atafanikiwa","itanenepa","na-atanenepa","yatanona"]·TR["beslenecek","semirtilecek","ve-semizlenecek","şişman-olur"]·urd["اور-موٹا-ہو","سیراب-ہوگی","فربہ-ہو-جائے-گی","فربہ-ہو-گا"]
2. remove ashes — A denominative Piel sense derived from deshen (fatty ashes), meaning to clear the greasy residue from the sacrificial altar. Exod 27:3 lists utensils made 'to remove its ashes,' and Num 4:13 prescribes the same clearing during tabernacle transport. Spanish 'descenicerarlo' (to de-ash it) and French 'ôter-cendres' (remove ashes) show multilingual consistency in this specialized priestly technical term. 2×
AR["لِ-رَمادِهِ","وَيُزِيلُونَ"]·ben["এবং-ছাই-সরাবে","তার-ছাই-সরানোর-জন্য"]·DE["und-sie-soll-entfernen-Asche-von","zu-entfernen-sein-Asche"]·EN["and-they-shall-remove-ashes-of","to-remove-its-ashes"]·FR["et-ils-devra-ôter-cendres-de","à-ôter-son-cendres"]·heb["ו-דשנו","ל-דשנו"]·HI["और-राख-हटाएंगे","राख-उठाने-के-लिए"]·ID["dan-mereka-akan-menyingkirkan-abu","untuk-mengangkat-abunya"]·IT["a-togliere-suo-ashes","e-essi-dovra-rimuovere-ceneri-di"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-mbucal-awu","kanggé-awu-nipun,"]·KO["그리고-치우어라","재를-치우려고"]·PT["E-removerão-cinzas-de","para-cinza-dele"]·RU["для-удаления-пепла-его","и-очистят-от-пепла"]·ES["Y-quitarán-ceniza-de","para-descenicerarlo"]·SW["kuondoa-majivu","na-wataondoa-majivu-ya"]·TR["kül-alıcısı-icin","ve-külünü-alacaklar"]·urd["اور-ہٹائیں","راکھ-اٹھانے-کو-اُس-کی"]
3. make fat, enrich — Active Piel sense of making someone or something fat, well-nourished, or robust. Prov 15:30 says a good report 'makes the bones fat' — physical vigor from joyful news. Spanish 'engorda' (fattens) preserves the concrete bodily image where emotional well-being manifests as physical strengthening. 1×
AR["يُسَمِّنُ-"]·ben["পুষ্ট-করে-"]·DE["[תדשן]"]·EN["makes-fat"]·FR["gras"]·heb["תדשן־"]·HI["मोटा-करता-है"]·ID["menggemukkan-"]·IT["makes-fat"]·jav["nggawe-lemu"]·KO["살찌게-하느니라-"]·PT["engorda-"]·RU["утучняет-"]·ES["engorda"]·SW["inanenepesha"]·TR["semirtir-"]·urd["فربہ-کرتی-ہے"]
4. accept favorably — Metaphorical Piel sense of accepting or regarding a sacrifice with divine favor, picturing the offering as made 'fat' and therefore pleasing. In Ps 20:3 the worshiper prays that God would 'regard with favor' the burnt offering. Spanish 'acepte' (may he accept) and the broader liturgical context show that the fatness of the sacrifice becomes a figure for divine approval and satisfaction. 1×
AR["يُدَسِّمُ"]·ben["গ্রহণ-করুন"]·DE["möge-er-regard-mit-favor"]·EN["may-he-regard-with-favor"]·FR["gras"]·heb["ידשנה"]·HI["स्वीकार-करे"]·ID["biarlah-menerima-dengan-baik"]·IT["[ידשנה]"]·jav["nampi"]·KO["받으시기-를"]·PT["aceite-como-gordo"]·RU["да-примет-с-удовольствием"]·ES["acepte"]·SW["aikubali"]·TR["kabul-etsin"]·urd["قبول-کرے"]
5. be gorged, be sated — Hitpael reflexive sense of becoming gorged or glutted with fat, indicating gruesome or excessive satiation. Isaiah 34:6 describes the Lord's sword 'gorged' with the fat of lambs and goats in apocalyptic judgment. Spanish 'engrosada' (made thick/gorged) captures the visceral intensity of this single attestation. 1×
AR["تَشَحَّمَ"]·ben["মোটা-করা-হয়েছে"]·DE["[הדשנה]"]·EN["it-is-gorged"]·FR["[הדשנה]"]·heb["הודשנה"]·HI["चिकनी-हो-गई"]·ID["digemukkan"]·IT["[הדשנה]"]·jav["dados-lemu"]·KO["살지웠다"]·PT["engordurou-se"]·RU["умащен"]·ES["engrosada"]·SW["umenoneshwa"]·TR["yaglandi"]·urd["چربی-آلودہ-ہے"]
6. anoint with oil — Piel sense of anointing the head with oil or fat as a sign of festivity, honor, and joy. In Ps 23:5 the shepherd-host 'anoints my head with oil,' where Spanish 'ungiste' (you anointed) and German 'du-salbst' (you anoint) consistently point to cosmetic or celebratory anointing rather than mere enrichment, distinguishing this from the general 'make fat' sense. 1×
AR["مَسَحْتَ"]·ben["আপনি-অভিষিক্ত-করেছেন"]·DE["du-salbst"]·EN["you-anoint"]·FR["gras"]·heb["דישנת"]·HI["चुपड़ा-है-तूने"]·IT["[דשנת]"]·jav["Panjenengan-njebadi"]·KO["기름-부으셨도다"]·PT["ungiste"]·RU["Ты-умастил"]·ES["ungiste"]·SW["umepaka"]·TR["mesh-ettin"]·urd["تُو-نے-چپڑا"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† דָּשֵׁן vb. be fat, grow fat (Arabic دَسِمَ; whence also دَسَمٌ grease, fat; NH דִּשֵּׁן make fat, cf. NH דֶּשֶׁן fat)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָשֵׁן consec. Dt 31:20 (JE) fig. of Isr.’s prosperity. Pi. Pf. דִּשַּׁנְתָּ ψ 23:5; וְדִשְּׁנוּ consec. Nu 4:13; Impf.: יְדַשְּׁנֶה־סֶּֽלָה ψ 20:4 volunt. (cf. Ges§ 48, 3 De; but perhaps read sf. -נֶהָ, -נָהּ v. Ki Gesl.c.); 3 fs. תְּדַשֶּׁן־ Pr 15:30; Inf.…