Anointing and Smearing

χριστός, ή, όν, (χρίω) to be rubbed on, used as ointment or salve, opposed to πιστός, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἔλαιον τὸ χ. anointing oil, LXX __II of persons, anointed, ὁ ἱερεύς ὁ χ. LXX __II.2 especially of the Kings of Israel, ὁ χ. ΚυρίουLXX; plural, of the patriarchs, LXX __II.3 in NT, ὁ χ. the Messiah, NT; then used as proper name of Jesus, Ἰησοῦς χ. NT

† מָשַׁח vb. smear, anoint (NH id.; orig. prob. as Arabic مَسَحَ wipe or stroke with the hand (cf. RSSem. i. 215; 2nd ed., 233), anoint, Aramaic ܡܫܰܚ, מְשַׁח anoint; on משח, id. (?) in Aramaic inscr. v. CISii. 1, No. 145, C, 1; Palm. משחא oil Vog No. 16; Ethiopic መስሐ anoint, feast, dine DiLex 176; (Assyrian mašâḫu is measure; Aramaic מְשַׁח id.; Arabic مساحة measurement, cf. DlProl 178 Frä 282));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מ׳ Nu 3:3 + 2 times; sf. מְשָֽׁחֲךָ ψ 45:8 1 S 10:1; מְשָׁחוֹ 2 Ch 22:7; 2 ms. מָשַׁחְתָּ Gn 31:13 + 12 times, + 9 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יִמְשַׁח Lv 16:32 + 6 times; 3 mpl. יִמְשָׁ֑חוּ Am 6:6, + 13 times Impf.; Imv. sf. מְשָׁחֵהוּ 1 S 16:12; pl. מִשְׁחוּ Is 21:5; Inf. abs. מָשׁוֹחַ Je 22:14; cstr. מְשֹׁחַ Ju 9:8; Dn 9:24 + Ho 8:3 𝔊 We GASm Now; מָשְׁחָה Ex 29:29; sf. מְשָֽׁחֳךָ 1 S 15:1 (Baer); מָשְׁחוֹ Lv 7:36; מָשְׁחָתָם Ex 40:15; Pt. pl. מֹשְׁחִים Ju 9:15; pass. מָשׁוּחַ 2 S 3:39 (We suggests deriv. from שׁח, defect. משׁח (מֻשַׁח), wrongly read as מָשֻׁחַ; or by transposition משׁוח may have been mistaken for an unexampled מוּשָׁח Hoph. Pt. of שׁוח); מָשִׁיחַ 2 S 1:21 (but read מָשֻׁחַ (or נמשׁח) Codd. We Dr Kit Bu HPS); pl. מְשֻׁחִים Ex 29:2 + 4 times;— 1. smear, house with colour (paint) Je 22:14; shield with oil (anoint) Is 21:5; 2 S 1:21 (cf. Dr; Gr כְּלִי מָשׁוּחַ weapon anointed; PetersJBL 1893, 56 כְּלֵי מָשׁוּחַ weapons of one (the king) anointed); the person, with ointments Am 6:6; unleavened cakes, with oil Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4; 7:12; Nu 6:15 (P). 2. anoint, as consecration, solemn setting apart to an office, always by the use of oil poured on the head: לנביא as a prophet 1 K 19:16 (Elisha by Elijah) Is 61:1; elsewhere of king, c. acc., מֶלֶךְ Ju 9:8 (E), so Ho 8:3 reading מִמְּשֹׁחַ מֶלֶךְ (for MT מִמַּשָּׂא מ׳) We GASm Now; also Ho 7:3 reading יִמְשְׁחוּ (for MT יְשַׂמְּחוּ) We Now; elsewhere acc. pers. 1 S 16:3, 12, 13; 1 K 1:39; 2 K 11:12; 23:30; 2 Ch 22:7; 23:11; בְּשֶׁמֶן קָדְשִׁי ψ 89:21 with my holy oil; שׁמן שָׂשׂוֹן ψ 45:8 (fig.); c. על, 2 S 19:11 whom we have anointed over us; לְמֶלֶךְ 1 K 1:45; 5:15; c. עַל, לְמֶלֶךְ Ju 9:15; 2 S 2:4, 7; 1 K 19:15; על ישׂראל over Israel 1 S 15:1, 17; 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3, 2 S 5:17; 12:7; 1 K 1:34; 19:16; אֶל־ישׂראל 2 K 9:3, 6, 12 (Ephr.); לנגיד 1 Ch 29:22; על 1 S 9:16; 10:1; מָשׁוּחַ מֶלֶךְ 2 S 3:39 (? v. supr.) 3. anoint, consecrate to religious service: a. Aaronic priests, only P, c. acc. pers. Ex 28:41; 29:7; 30:30; 40:13, 15(×3) Lv 7:36; 8:12; 16:32; Nu 35:25; abs. Ex 29:29; הכהנים הַמְּשֻׁחִים Nu 3:3. b. sacred things: מַצֵּבָה Gn 31:13 (E) Nu 7:1(×2); tabernacle and its vessels Ex 29:36; 30:26; 40:9, 10, 11; Lv 8:10, 11 (all P); קדשׁ קדשׁים Dn 9:24. Niph. Pf. 3. ms. נִמְשַׁח 1 Ch 14:8; Inf. הִמָּשַׁח Lv 6:13 + 3 times;—be anointed, למלך על כל ישׂראל 1 Ch 14:8; Aaron and his sons Lv 6:13 (P); altar Nu 7:10, 84, 88.

† I. בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound (Arabic بَلَّ moisten (with water), cf. بَلَلٌ moisture, Assyrian balâlu, DlPr 70; cf. Ph. בלל name of a sacrifice, & NH בִּלְבֵּל; Aramaic בַּלְבֵּל ܒܰܠܒܶܠ )— Qal Pf. בָּלַל Gn 11:9, בַּ֜לֹּתִ֗י ψ 92:11 (but cf. infr.); Impf. 1 pl. נָֽבְלָה = נָבֹ֫לָּה Gn 11:7, cf. Köi. 325; Pt. pass. בָּלוּל Ex 29:40 + 3 times, בְּלוּלָה Lv 2:5 + 28 times, בְּלוּלֹת Ex 29:2 + 4 times;— 1. mingle, confuse (obj. שָׂפָה = speech, language, q.v.) Gn 11:7, 9 (J). 2. mix (cakes or flour, etc. always with oil) sacrificial techn. term, only P, cf. Di on Lv 2:4; usually as מנחה, סֹלֶת בּ׳ בַּשֶּׁמֵן Ex 29:40; Lv 2:5; 14:10, 21; 23:13; Nu 7:13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 79; Nu 8:8; 15:4, 6, 9; 28:5, 9, 12(×2), 13, 20, 28; 29:3, 9, 14, מנחה ב׳ בשׁ׳ Lv 7:10 (opp. חֲרֵבָה) 9:4, חַלּוֹת מַצוֹת ב׳ בשׁ׳ Ex 29:2; Lv 7:12(×2), i.e. made by mixing with oil; סלת חלות מצות ב׳ בשׁ׳ Lv 2:4, סלת חלות ב׳ בשׁ׳ Nu 6:15, i.e. fine flour (in the form) of cakes so made. בַּ֜לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁמֶן רַעֲנָן ψ 92:11 I shall be (am) anointed with fresh oil AV RV; vb. not elsewhere in this sense; 𝔊 𝔙 Hup Che read בְּלֹתִי from בלה, Inf. cstr. sf., abstr. for concrete, my wasting = my wasting strength, of declining age; Israel under figure of old man; this however is not favoured by context. The passage is therefore doubtful. Hithpo. Impf. יִתְבּוֹלָ֑ל Ho 7:8; אפרים בעמים הוא י׳ Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself; but Ew Now derive here from בלל = בלה (or נבל) waste away, cf. Hiph. Hiph. Impf. וַנָּ֫בֶל Is 64:5 and we faded away, but read perhaps וַנִּבֹּל from נבל cf. Di (De, less probably, derives from בלל—cf. Ew Now Ho 7:8—or בול = נבל).

† מָשִׁיחַ n.m. anointed;—abs. מ׳ Lv 4:3 + 5 times; cstr. מְשִׁיחַ La 4:20 + 11 times; sf. מְשִׁיחִי ψ 132:17 1 S 2:35; מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:13 + 5 times; מְשִׁיחוֹ ψ 2:2 + 9 times; pl. sf. מְשִׁיחָ֑י 105:15 1 Ch 16:22;— 1. king of Israel anointed by divine command, מ׳ יהוה 1 S 24:7(×2), 11; 26:9, 11, 16, 23 2 S 1:14, 16; 19:22; La 4:20; מ׳ אלהי יעקב 2 S 23:1; so c. sfs. ref. to י׳, 1 S 12:3, 5; 16:6 ψ 20:7; 28:8; Hb 3:13; Davidic dynasty with Messianic ideals attached ψ 2:2; 18:51, = 2 S 22:51, ψ 89:39, 52; 132:10 = 2 Ch 6:42, ψ 132:17; 1 S 2:10, 35. 2. high priest of Israel, הַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ, Lv 4:3, 5, 16; 6:15 (P); מְשִׁיהֶ֑ךָ ψ 84:10. 3. Cyrus as commissioned by י׳, מְשִׁיחוֹ Is 45:1. 4. Messianic prince, עַד־מָשִׁיחַ נָגִיד Dn 9:25 = מָשִׁיחַ v 26 (see BrMP 422 f.; others disting. מ׳ v 25 from v 26 and refer v 25 to Cyrus [as 3; so Ew v. Leng Schü Co Behrm], or h. p. Joshua [as 2; so Gr Bev], v 26 to Seleucus iv [Ew v. Leng], or h.p. Onias iii. [Hi Gr Co Bev Behrm]). 5. patriarchs, regarded as anointed kings ψ 105:15 = 1 Ch 16:22.

† דָּשֵׁן vb. be fat, grow fat (Arabic دَسِمَ; whence also دَسَمٌ grease, fat; NH דִּשֵּׁן make fat, cf. NH דֶּשֶׁן fat)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָשֵׁן consec. Dt 31:20 (JE) fig. of Isr.’s prosperity. Pi. Pf. דִּשַּׁנְתָּ ψ 23:5; וְדִשְּׁנוּ consec. Nu 4:13; Impf.: יְדַשְּׁנֶה־סֶּֽלָה ψ 20:4 volunt. (cf. Ges§ 48, 3 De; but perhaps read sf. -נֶהָ, -נָהּ v. Ki Gesl.c.); 3 fs. תְּדַשֶּׁן־ Pr 15:30; Inf. לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3—causat. make fat ד׳ בשׁמן ראשׁי i.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy ψ 23:5; ד׳ עָ֑צֶם Pr 15:30 of bodily effect of good news; ד׳ עולה find a burnt-offering fat = acceptable ψ 20:4; elsewhere denom. from דֶּשֶׁן (fat ashes);—take away, clear away the fat ashes (acc. of altar cleared) Nu 4:13 (P), so סירות לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3 (P). Pu. Impf. יְדֻשָּׁ֑ן Pr 28:25 Is 34:7; 3 fs. תְּדֻשָּׁן Pr 11:25; 13:4—pass. of causat. Pi. be made fat, of dust saturated מֵחֵלֶב Is 34:7; fig. of prosperity of the liberal Pr 11:25, the diligent 13:4, the trustful 28:25. Hothp. Pf. 3 fs. הֻדַּ֫שְׁנָה (cf. Ol§ 271 Ges§ 54, 3) Is 34:6, of Yahweh’s sword:—it hath fattened itself מֵחֶלֶב (‖ מָֽלְאָה דָּם).

ἀλείφω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ψωLXX, (ἐξ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἤλειψαRefs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect, Epic dialect ἄλειψαRefs 8th c.BC+perfect ἀλήλῐφα (ἀπ-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, future -ψομαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἠλειψάμην Attic dialect, Epic dialect ἀλ-Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, future ἀλειφθήσομαι (ἐξ-) Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἠλείφθηνRefs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 ἐξ-ηλίφην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+, (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+, (ἐξ-, ὑπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—anoint the skin with oil, as was done after bathing, active referring to another, middle to oneself, λοῦσαι κέλετ᾽ ἀμφί τ᾽ ἀλεῖψαιRefs 8th c.BC+: later of anointing for gymnastic exercises, λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντοRefs 6th c.BC+; of anointing the sick, NT+4th c.BC+ __2 supply oil for gymnasts, ἀλειφούσης τῆς πόλεως Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀ. πανήγυριν, ἔθνη, Refs; οἱ -όμενοι youths undergoing gymnastic training, Refs; οἱ ἀ. ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ Refs; ἀλείφεσθαι παρά τινι to attend a gymnastic school, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 polish, τράπεζανRefs 4th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, prepare as if for gymnastics, encourage, stimulate, instigate, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τοὺς -ομένους ἐπί τιRefs 5th c.BC+ __II daub, plaster, besmear, οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι stop up ears, Refs 8th c.BC+

† I. [סוּךְ, סִיךְ] vb. pour in anointing, anoint (NH Aramaic סוּךְ anoint);— Qal Pf. 2 fs. וָסַכְתְּ consec. Ru 3:3; 1 s. סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; Impf. 2 ms. תָּסוּךְ Dt 28:40 Mi 6:15; 2 fs. תָּסוּכִי 2 S 14:2; 1 s. sf. וָאֲסֻכֵֿךְ Ez 16:9; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְסֻכוּם 2 Ch 28:15; also (prob.) 3 ms. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ 2 S 12:20 (Ges§ 73 f.); Inf. abs. סוֹךְ Dn 10:3; appar. Impf. pass. is יִיסָ֔ךְ read יוסך Sam. (Köi.436) Ex 30:32 (and not Hoph., cf. Gesl.c.);—anoint, in the toilet, often after washing; usually 1. refl. anoint oneself, 2 S 12:20; Ru 3:3, סוֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; + שֶׁמֶן as acc. mat. 2 S 14:2 Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40. 2. act., anoint another Ez 16:9 (בַּשֶּׁמֶן), 2 Ch 28:15. 3. pass., be poured, Ex 30:32 (P; subj. the sacred oil).

χρίω, Epic dialect imperfect χρῖον Refs 8th c.BC+: future χρίσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔχρῑσα Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect χρῖσα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέχρῑκα LXX:—middle, future χρίσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist participle χρῑσάμενοςRefs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future χρισθήσομαι LXX: aorist ἐχρίσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κέχρῑμαι LXX+5th c.BC+pluperfect ἐκέχριστο falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἐκέχριντο Refs 3rd c.BC+. [Even in present and imperfect ι is long, Refs 8th c.BC+; χρῐει only in late Poets, as Refs 3rd c.BC+future and all other tenses ῑ without exception, whence the proper accent. is χρῖσαι, κεχρῖσθαι, χρῖσμα, etc.:—touch the surface of a body slightly, especially of the human body, graze, hence, __I rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil, as was done after bathing, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; of a dead body, χρῖεν ἐλαίῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; anoint a suppliant, Refs; πέπλον χ. rub or infect with poison, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, anoint oneself, Refs 8th c.BC+ with accusative _of things_, ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι anoint (i. e. poison) one's arrows, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, χρίεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου Refs 5th c.BC+; βακκάριδι κεχριμένος Magnes [same place]; συκαμίνῳ τὰς γνάθους κεχριμέναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 in LXX, anoint in token of consecration, χ. τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα LXX+NT __II wash with colour, coat, αἰγέαι κεχριμέναι ἐρευθεδάνῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; πίσσῃRefs 2nd c.BC+; ἀσφάλτῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; στοάν Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, τὸ σῶμα μίλτῳ χρίονται smear their bodies, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III wound on the surface, puncture, prick, sting, of the gadfly in Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, ὀξυστόμῳ μύωπι χρισθεῖσ᾽Refs

ἐπι-χρίω [ῑ], anoint, besmear, ἐπιχρίοντες ἀλοιφῇ (i.e. τὸ τόξον) Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, χρῶτ᾽ ἀπονίπτεσθαι καὶ ἐπιχρίεσθαι ἀλοιφῇRefs __2 plaster over, τινι with a thing, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II lay on ointment, μετὰ τὸ -χρισθῆναι Refs 1st c.AD+; κροτάφοις -χριόμενα variant in NT+1st c.AD+ __II.2 absolutely, use for anointing, Refs 3rd c.BC+

ἐγχρίω [ῑ], anoint, ἀλείμμασιν ἑαυτόν NT+4th c.BC+:—middle, anoint oneself, ἰξοῦ Refs 1st c.BC+; ἐ. τὸ πρόσωπονRefs 4th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II sting, prick, τινί Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἰὸς ἐγχρισθείς poison injected by a sting, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 stick in, τὸ κέντρον Refs

μῠρίζω, rub with ointment or unguent, anoint, Refs 7th c.BC+:—middle, anoint oneself, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, μεμυρις μένοι τὸ σῶμα Refs 5th c.BC+ 2.142a. __II in passive also, μ. τινί to be fragrant with.., Refs 3rd c.AD+