H1644 H1644
Drive out, expel; divorce (as passive participle); be banished; of water: surge, toss up
A verb of forceful removal, spanning from the expulsion of Adam from Eden (Gen 3:24) to the banishment of nations before Israel and the legal dismissal of a wife in divorce. The Piel intensifies the driving out, while the passive participle gerushah becomes a near-technical term for a divorced woman in priestly law. In its most vivid image, Isaiah 57:20 compares the wicked to a storm-tossed sea that cannot rest, constantly casting up mire. Spanish 'expulsar' and French 'chasser' consistently capture the forceful ejection, while the divorce sense draws on distinct legal vocabulary across languages.
Senses
1. drive out, expel — To drive out or expel forcefully, the dominant sense covering God's expulsion of Adam from Eden (Gen 3:24), the driving out of Canaanite peoples before Israel (Exod 34:11; Judg 2:3; 1 Chr 17:21), and the banishment of individuals such as Hagar (Gen 21:10) and Moses' future role in compelling Pharaoh to release Israel (Exod 6:1; 11:1). Spanish 'expulsar' and French 'chasser' both emphasize the violent, compulsory nature of the removal. 36×
AR["أَطرُدُهُم", "اطْرُدِ", "تَطْرُدُونَ", "طارِدٌ", "طَرَدوني", "فَطَرَدَ", "فَطَرَدَهُ", "فَـ-طَرَدَ", "وَ-أَطْرُدُهُ", "وَ-تِجَارِشْ", "وَ-جَارَشَ", "وَ-طَرَدوا", "وَ-طَرَدَ", "وَ-طَرَدَهُمْ", "وَطَرَدَ", "يَطْرُدُهُمْ"]·ben["অতাম", "আর-তাড়িয়ে-দিলেন", "এবং-আমি-তাড়িয়ে-দেব-তাকে", "এবং-তাড়িয়ে-দিল", "এবং-তাড়িয়ে-দিলেন", "এবং-তিনি-তাড়িয়ে-দিয়েছিলেন", "ও-তাড়িয়ে-দিলেন-তাঁকে", "তাড়িয়ে-দাও", "তাড়িয়ে-দিচ্ছি", "তাড়িয়ে-দিয়েছে-আমাকে", "তাড়িয়ে-দেব-তাদের", "তাড়িয়ে-দেবে-তাদের", "তোমরা-তাড়িয়ে-দাও"]·DE["And-vertrieb-heraus", "[אגרשם]", "[גרש]", "[תגרשון]", "driving-heraus", "er-wird-vertreiben-ihnen-heraus", "ich-wird-vertreiben-ihn-heraus", "sie-drove-mich-heraus", "und-er-drove-heraus", "und-er-drove-ihn-heraus", "und-er-vertrieb-heraus", "und-es-vertrieb-heraus", "und-ich-wird-vertreiben-heraus-ihn", "und-trieb-aus", "und-vertreiben-heraus-ihn", "und-vertrieb-heraus"]·EN["And-drove-out", "I-will-drive-him-out", "I-will-drive-them-out", "and-I-will-drive-out-him", "and-drive-out-him", "and-drove-out", "and-he-drove-him-out", "and-he-drove-out", "and-it-drove-out", "drive-out", "driving-out", "he-will-drive-them-out", "they-drove-me-out", "you-drive-out"]·FR["Et-chassa", "Et-chassa-dehors", "Je---chasser-lui-dehors", "chassant-dehors", "chasser", "et-chassa", "et-chassa-dehors", "et-chasser", "et-drive-dehors-lui", "et-il-chassa-dehors", "et-il-drove-dehors", "et-je-fera-drive-dehors-lui", "il---chasser-eux-dehors", "ils-drove-moi-dehors"]·heb["אגרשם", "אגרשנו", "גורש", "גרש", "גרשוני", "ו-אגרשנו", "ו-גירש", "ו-גרש", "ו-גרשה", "ו-גרשו", "ו-גרשתיו", "ו-יגרש", "ו-יגרש-אותו", "יגרשם", "תגרשון"]·HI["उन्होंने-निकाला-मुझे", "और-उसने-निकाला-उसे", "और-खदेड़ा", "और-निकाल-दिया", "और-निकाला", "और-मैं-उसे-खदेड़ूं", "और-मैं-उसे-खदेड़ूंगा", "तुम-निकालते-हो", "निकाल", "निकालता-हूँ", "निकालूँगा-उन्हें", "वह-निकालेगा-उन्हें"]·ID["Aku mengusirnya", "Aku-akan-mengusir-mereka", "Dan-Dia-mengusir", "Dan-Ia-mengusir", "Dan-mengusir", "Usirlah", "dan-Ia-mengusir", "dan-mengusir", "dan-mengusirnya", "ia-akan-mengusir-mereka", "kamu-usir", "mengusir", "mereka-mengusirku"]·IT["And-scacciò", "E-cacciò-fuori", "[אגרשם]", "[תגרשון]", "drive-fuori", "driving-fuori", "e-cacciare-fuori-lui", "e-caccio'", "e-cacciò", "e-cacciò-fuori", "e-egli-caccio-fuori", "e-egli-spinse-fuori", "e-esso-cacciò-fuori", "e-io-fara-cacciare-fuori-lui", "egli-will-cacciare-loro-fuori", "essi-spinse-me-fuori", "io-will-cacciare-lui-fuori"]·jav["Kawula-badhé-ngusir-piyambakipun", "Kawula-nundhung-piyambakipun", "Lan-ngusir", "Lan-nundhung", "Saha-Panjenengan-sampun-ngusir", "badhé-ngusir-piyambakipun", "ingkang-lajeng-nundhung-piyambakipun", "lan-kawula-badhé-ngusir-piyambakipun", "lan-kawula-ngusir-piyambakipun", "lan-ngusir", "lan-nundhung", "lan-nundung", "nundung", "panjenengan-sedaya-usir", "piyambakipun-sedaya-ngusir-kula", "usir"]·KO["그가-쫓아낼-것이다-그들을", "그리고-내가-쪰아낼-것이다-그를", "그리고-쫓아내셨다", "그리고-쫓아냈다", "나를쫓아냈다", "내가-쫓아내다-그를", "내가-쫓아내리라-그를", "쪳아내라", "쫓아내는-자이다", "쫓아내리리라-그들을", "쫓아내매", "쫓아내셨나이다", "쫓아낸다"]·PT["E-expulsou", "Expulsa", "e-expulsaram", "e-expulsou", "e-expulsou-o", "e-o-expulsarei", "expulsais", "expulsando", "expulsaram-me", "expulsarei-eles", "expulsará-os", "expulsá-lo-ei"]·RU["И-изгнал", "и-изгнал", "и-изгнал-Он", "и-изгнали", "и-изгоню-его", "и-он-изгнал-его", "изгнали-меня", "изгони", "изгонит-он-их", "изгоню-его", "изгоню-их", "изгоняете", "изгоняю"]·ES["Expulsa", "Y-expulsó", "Y-los-expulsó", "echo", "echáis", "lo-echaré", "los-echará", "los-echaré", "me-expulsaron", "y-expulsaron", "y-expulsó", "y-lo-echaré", "y-lo-echó", "y-los-expulsó"]·SW["Mmisri", "Na-akamfukuza", "Na-akawafukuza", "akawafukuza", "atawafukuza", "mfukuze", "mnawafukuza", "na-akamfukuza", "na-akawafukuza", "na-kuwafukuza", "na-wakamfukuza", "na-wakawafukuza", "ninafukuza", "nitawafukuza", "nitawaondoa", "wamenifukuza"]·TR["Ve-kovdu", "kov", "kovacak-onları", "kovacağım-onları", "kovacağım-onu", "kovalıyorsunuz", "kovdular-beni", "süren", "ve-kovdu", "ve-kovdu-onu", "ve-kovdular", "ve-sürdü", "ve-sürebilirim-onu"]·urd["اور-اس-نے-نکال-دیا", "اور-اُس-نے-نکالا-اُسے", "اور-نکال-دوں-اُسے", "اور-نکال-دیا", "اور-نکال-دیا-اُنہوں-نے", "اور-نکالا", "اور-نکالا-اُس-نے", "نکال-دے", "نکالا-اُنہوں-نے-مجھے", "نکالتے-ہو", "نکالنے-والا-ہوں", "نکالوں-گا-انہیں", "نکالوں-گا-اُن-کو", "نکالے-گا-انہیں"]
Gen 3:24, Gen 4:14, Gen 21:10, Exod 2:17, Exod 6:1, Exod 10:11, Exod 11:1, Exod 11:1, Exod 23:28, Exod 23:29, Exod 23:30, Exod 23:31 (+24 more)
2. divorced woman — A divorced woman, used as the Qal passive participle gerushah in five priestly legal texts (Lev 21:7, 14; 22:13; Num 30:9; Ezek 44:22). The term appears alongside 'widow' (almanah) to define categories of women whom priests may or may not marry. Spanish 'divorciada' and 'repudiada' show the legal and social stigma dimensions, while the underlying metaphor of being 'driven away' from a husband remains vivid. 5×
AR["مُطَلَّقَةً", "وَ-مُطَلَّقَةً", "وَمُطَلَّقَةً", "وَمُطَلَّقَةٍ"]·ben["এবং-তালাকপ্রাপ্তা", "এবং-তালাকপ্রাপ্তার", "এবং-ত্যাজিতা", "তালাকপ্রাপ্তা"]·DE["[וגרושה]", "divorced", "und-divorced", "und-ein-divorced-Frau"]·EN["and-a-divorced-woman", "and-divorced", "and-divorced-woman", "divorced"]·FR["divorced", "et-chasser", "et-divorced", "et-un-divorced-femme"]·heb["גרושה", "ו-גרושה"]·HI["और-त्यागी-की", "और-त्यागी-हुई", "त्यागी-हुई"]·ID["atau-diceraikan", "dan-wanita-yang-diceraikan", "dan-yang-diceraikan", "yang-diceraikan"]·IT["[וגרושה]", "divorced", "e-divorced", "e-un-divorced-donna"]·jav["ingkang-dipun-pegat", "lan-dipun-pegat", "lan-ingkang-dipunpegat", "lan-tilas-garwa", "lan-tiyang-dipun-pegat"]·KO["그리고-이혼된", "그리고-이혼된-여인의", "그리고-쪴겨난-여인", "이혼된"]·PT["divorciada", "e-divorciada"]·RU["и-разведённой", "и-разведённую", "разведённую"]·ES["divorciada", "y-divorciada", "y-repudiada"]·SW["aliyeachwa", "au-mwanamke-aliyeachwa", "na-aliyeachwa"]·TR["boşanmış", "ve-boşanmış", "ve-boşanmışın", "ya da-boşanmış"]·urd["اور-طلاق-یافتہ", "اور-طلاق-یافتہ-کی", "اور-مطلقہ", "طلاق-یافتہ"]
3. be driven out, be expelled — To be driven out or banished, appearing in the Niphal and Pual passive stems. Jonah 2:4 cries 'I am driven out from your sight,' the Israelites are driven out of Egypt in haste (Exod 12:39), and Job 30:5 describes outcasts driven from society. The passive voice underscores the helplessness of those expelled. 3×
AR["طُرِدُوا", "طُرِدْتُ", "يُطرَدونَ"]·ben["তাড়িয়ে-দেওয়া-হয়", "তাড়িয়ে-দেওয়া-হয়েছিল", "বিতাড়িত-হয়েছি"]·DE["[יגרשו]", "[נגרשתי]", "sie-waren-driven-heraus"]·EN["I-am-driven-out", "they-are-driven-out", "they-were-driven-out"]·FR["chasser", "ils-étaient-driven-dehors"]·heb["גורשו", "יגורשו", "נגרשתי"]·HI["निकाला-गया-मैं", "निकाले-गए-थे", "निकाले-जाते-हैं"]·ID["Aku-terbuang", "mereka diusir", "mereka-diusir"]·IT["[נגרשתי]", "essi-furono-driven-fuori", "they-are-driven-out"]·jav["dipun-tundhung", "kula-dipunusir", "piyambak-ipun-katundhung"]·KO["그들은-쫓겨났다", "쪫겨났나이다", "쫓겨났다-그들이"]·PT["foram-expulsos", "fui-expulso", "são-expulsos"]·RU["Изгнан", "изгнаны-были", "изгоняются"]·ES["fueron-expulsados", "fui-arrojado", "son-expulsados"]·SW["nimetupwa", "walifukuzwa", "wanafukuzwa"]·TR["kovuldular", "kovuldum", "sürülürler"]·urd["نکالا-گیا", "نکالے گئے", "نکالے-گئے-تھے-وہ"]
4. toss, surge, cast up — Of water surging, heaving, and casting up debris, used in the powerful simile of Isaiah 57:20 where the wicked are compared to a tossed sea that cannot rest and whose waves cast up mire and filth. Amos 8:8 similarly uses the root for the land surging and subsiding like the Nile. Spanish 'agitado' captures the restless turbulence of this distinctive metaphorical extension. 3×
AR["الْمُضْطَرِبِ", "وَ-تَفِيضُ", "وَ-تَقْذِفُ"]·ben["-এবং-তুলে-দেয়", "উদ্বেলিত", "ও-তোলপাড়-হবে"]·DE["[ויגרשו]", "[ונגרשה]", "[נגרש]"]·EN["and-cast-up", "and-it-will-be-tossed", "tossed"]·FR["[ויגרשו]", "[נגרש]", "et-chasser"]·heb["ו-יגרשו", "ו-נגרשה", "ניגרש"]·HI["उथलते-हुए", "और-उछलेगी", "और-उछालते-हैं"]·ID["dan-dilemparkan", "yang-bergelora"]·IT["[ויגרשו]", "[ונגרשה]", "[נגרש]"]·jav["Lan-dipuntundhung", "ingkang-dipuntundhung", "lan-dipun-gebyur"]·KO["그리고-내던져지리라", "그리고-휘뫰아치는데", "휨뫰아치는"]·PT["agitado", "e-lançam", "e-será-agitada"]·RU["бурное", "и-выбрасывают", "и-выплеснется"]·ES["agitado", "y-arrojan", "y-será-agitada"]·SW["na-kuvurugika", "na-maji-yake", "yenye-dhoruba"]·TR["caglayan", "ve-firlatir", "ve-sürüklenecek"]·urd["اور-اُچھالتی-ہے", "اور-بہے-گی", "طوفانی"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H1471a 1. nations, peoples (plural/collective) (466×)G3326 1. with (368×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H1285 1. covenant, pact, treaty (284×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G2453 1. Jewish person, Jew (194×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [גָּרַשׁ] vb. drive out, cast out (NH id., Aramaic גְּרַשׁ Pa. Ithp. of divorce, MI19 ויגרשה)— Qal Impf. וַיִּגְרְשׁוּ Is 57:20; Inf. sf. מִגְרָשָׁהּ Ez 36:5 infr.; Pt. act. גֹּרֵשׁ Ex 34:11; pass. f. גְּרוּשָׁה Lv 21:7 + 4 times;—cast out, thrust out, י׳, the Amorites Ex 34:11 (JE; c. מִפְּנֵי); waters, mire and dirt רֶפֶשׁ וָטִיט Is 57:20; pass. only of divorced woman Lv 21:7 (sq. מֵאִישָׁהּ;…