H0605 H0605
To be weak or sick; as adjective: incurable, grievous, beyond remedy; as verb: to become mortally ill
From a root meaning 'to be weak or sick,' this word appears almost exclusively as the Qal passive participle 'anush, functioning as an adjective meaning 'incurable' or 'grievous beyond remedy.' The prophets deploy it with devastating rhetorical force: Jeremiah declares Judah's wound 'anush -- incurable (Jer 15:18; 30:12), and Micah echoes the same for Samaria (Mic 1:9). Perhaps most memorably, Jeremiah 17:9 uses it of the human heart: 'The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick ('anush) -- who can understand it?' The single verbal occurrence in 2 Samuel 12:15, where David's child 'became mortally ill,' preserves the root's original verbal force.
Senses
1. incurable, grievous — Incurable, grievous, beyond healing -- functioning as an adjective from the Qal passive participle. Describes wounds, sickness, or pain that admits no remedy. English and Spanish both consistently render 'incurable' (Eng 'Incurable,' Spa 'Incurable'), while French and German leave the Hebrew untranslated in some instances, suggesting the concept is difficult to capture in a single word. Used metaphorically of spiritual and national brokenness: Job's arrow-wound (Job 34:6), Judah's fracture (Jer 15:18; 30:12), the deceitful heart (Jer 17:9), and the day of grief (Isa 17:11). 8×
AR["الْبَلِيَّةِ","عَسِيرٌ","عَسِيرٍ","عَسِيرَةَ","مُؤلِمٌ","مُسْتَعْصِيَةٌ","وَ-مَرِيضٌ"]·ben["অসাধ্য","আর-মরণশীল","চিরস্থায়ী","নিরাময়","বিপদের"]·DE["Mensch","[אנושה]","[ואנש]"]·EN["Incurable","and-incurable","disaster","incurable"]·FR["et-incurable","homme","incurable","ordonner","אנוש"]·heb["אנוש","אנושה","ו-אנוש"]·HI["असाध्य","और-रोगी","घायल","लाइलाज","विपत्ति-का"]·ID["bencana","dan-jahat","fatal","parah","tidak-dapat-disembuhkan","yang-tak-tersembuhkan"]·IT["Neco","e-Neco","incurabile","incurable","uomo"]·jav["awrat","ingkang-awrat","kasangsaran","lan-sakit-sanget","mboten-saged-mantun","mboten-saged-mari","sakit"]·KO["그리고-불치의다","낫지-못하는","낫지-못할","불치의","재앙의","치료할-수-없다","치명적이다"]·PT["Incurável","desastre","e-incurável","incurável","incurável,"]·RU["Неизлечима","бедствия","и-неисцелимо","неизлечимы","неисцелимой","смертельна"]·ES["Incurable","calamidad","e-incurable","incurable"]·SW["haiponyeki","haliwezi-kuponywa","na-umeharibika-sana","ni-mbaya","ya-maafa","yasiyoponyeka"]·TR["felâketin","sifa-bulmaz","ve-hasta","ölümcül","şiddetli","şifasız"]·urd["اور-لاعلاج","لاعلاج","لاعلاج-ہے","مصیبت-کا"]
2. became mortally ill — Became mortally ill -- the Niphal consecutive imperfect form (wayyeanash) describing the acute onset of fatal sickness. Attested only in 2 Samuel 12:15, where the child born to David and Bathsheba is struck by the LORD and 'became ill.' English renders 'and-he-became-ill,' Spanish 'y-enfermo.' Unlike the adjectival sense which describes a chronic, irremediable condition, this verbal form captures a sudden, divinely-inflicted transition into mortal illness. 1×
AR["وَمَرِضَ"]·ben["এবং-অসুস্থ-হল"]·DE["und-er-became-ill"]·EN["and-he-became-ill"]·FR["et-il-devint-ill"]·heb["ו-יאנש"]·HI["और-बीमार-हुआ"]·ID["dan-dia-sakit-parah"]·IT["e-egli-divenne-ill"]·jav["lan-gerah-sanget"]·KO["그리고-심히-아팠다"]·PT["e-adoeceu"]·RU["и-заболел"]·ES["y-enfermó"]·SW["akaugua-sana"]·TR["ve-hastalandı"]·urd["اور-بیمار-ہوا"]
Related Senses
H0376 1. man, person, human male (2130×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H0001 1. father, immediate male parent (1031×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)H0251 1. brother (blood sibling) (573×)H0120 1. man, human being (individual/generic) (527×)H0802 1. woman, female person (519×)G0444 1. human being, person (469×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G3962 1. father or divine Father (413×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G0080 1. brother, fellow believer (343×)H1818 1. blood (physical substance) (327×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H0802 2. wife, spouse (255×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [אָנַשׁ] vb. be weak, sick (Assyrian anâšu ZimBP 56, 70; Wetzst in DePsalmen, ed. 4, 882 der. from II. אנשׁ per antiphrasin; DlPr 160 identified with III. אנשׁ; v. also DePsalmen, ed. 4, 904; so LagBN 60, who comp. سَيْف أَنِيث, weichliches d.h. stumpfes Schwert. It seems safer at present to keep the three distinct). Qal Pt. pass. אָנוּשׁ Jb 34:6 +; אֲנוּשָׁה Je 15:18; Mi 1:9 & so read ψ…