ἄνθρωπος G0444
A human being, person; collectively, people or humankind -- the standard Greek term for a member of the human race.
The most common noun in the New Testament after theos, anthropos covers the full range of human reference: a specific individual ('a man came'), an indefinite person ('if anyone'), and humanity collectively ('the sons of men'). It frequently appears in Jesus' self-designation 'Son of Man' (ho huios tou anthropou) and in universal statements about the human condition (Matt 4:4, 'Man shall not live by bread alone'). All major translation traditions use their generic human term -- Spanish 'hombre,' French 'homme,' German 'Mensch' -- though the collective/generic sense often triggers a plural shift in target languages.
1. human being, person — An individual human being or person, whether named or indefinite, as distinct from God, angels, or animals. This dominant sense (469 occurrences) covers specific individuals (Matt 9:9, the call of Matthew), indefinite persons in parables and teachings (Matt 7:9, 'what man among you'), and the christological title 'Son of Man.' Cross-linguistically, all languages use their primary person-noun: spa 'hombre,' fra 'homme,' deu 'Mensch,' hin 'manushya.' Key passages: Matt 4:4 (human dependence on God's word), Matt 8:9 (the centurion as 'a man under authority'). 469×
AR["<إِنسانًا>","إِنسانًا","إِنسانٌ","إِنسانِ","إِنسَانٌ","إِنسَانِ","الإِنْسَانَ","الإِنْسَانُ"]·ben["মানুষ","মানুষ,","মানুষকে","মানুষের"]·DE["Mensch"]·EN["a-man","man"]·FR["homme"]·heb["אִישׁ","אָדָם","הָאָדָם"]·HI["मनुश्य","मनुश्य-कि","मनुश्य-को","मनुश्य-ने","मनुष्य","मनुष्य-के","मनुष्य-को"]·ID["manusia","manusia,","orang","seorang"]·IT["uomo"]·jav["Tiyang","manungsa,","manungsa.","manungsa;","tiyang","tiyang,"]·KO["<사람-을>","사람","사람-을","사람은","사람을","사람의","사람이","사람이라"]·PT["homem","um-homem"]·RU["человек","человека"]·ES["hombre"]·SW["mtu","mtu,","‹mtu›"]·TR["adam","adam-mı","adamı","adamın","insan","insanı","insanım"]·urd["آدمی","آدمی-نے","آدمی-کو","آدمی-کی","انسان"]
Matt 4:4, Matt 7:9, Matt 8:9, Matt 9:9, Matt 9:32, Matt 10:35, Matt 10:36, Matt 11:8, Matt 11:19, Matt 12:10, Matt 12:11, Matt 12:12 (+38 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. people, humankind — People collectively or humankind in general, often in the plural hoi anthropoi or in generic singular statements about the human race. With 86 occurrences, this sense appears in universalizing contexts: 'so that they may see your good works' (Matt 5:16), 'while men slept' (Matt 13:25), 'every idle word that men speak' (Matt 12:36). The shift from individual to collective is visible in translations where languages like Spanish and German use plural forms ('hombres,' 'Menschen') to mark the generic reading. 86×
AR["أُناسٌ","إِنْسَانَيْنِ","الإِنْسَانَيْنِ","النَّاسُ","النّاسُ","بَشَرٍ","بَشَرُ","ناسُ","ناسِ","نَاسُ","نَاسِ","نَّاسُ"]·ben["মানুষ","মানুষদের","মানুষরা","মানুষেরা"]·DE["Mensch"]·EN["men"]·FR["homme"]·heb["אֲנָשִׁים","הָאֲנָשִׁים","שֶׁמָּסְרוּ"]·HI["इन","मनुश्य","मनुश्योन-के","मनुष्य","मनुष्यों-जिन्होंने","मनुष्यों-ने","लोग,","हैं"]·ID["itu","manusia","orang","orang-orang"]·IT["essere-umano","uomo"]·jav["manungsa","manungsa,","tiyang","tiyang,","tiyang-tiyang"]·KO["사람들","사람들-에게","사람들-이","사람들과","사람들은","사람들이","사람들이다"]·PT["homens"]·RU["люди","людьми","людям"]·ES["hombres"]·SW["wanadamu","watu","watu,"]·TR["-o","adamlar","insanlar","insanlar,"]·urd["آدمی","آدمیوں","آدمیوں-کا","انسان","اور","لوگ","لوگوں","لوگوں-کے","ویسے-ہی","کیونکہ"]
Matt 7:12, Matt 8:27, Matt 12:36, Matt 13:25, Matt 15:9, Matt 16:13, Matt 16:23, Matt 17:22, Mark 7:7, Mark 8:27, Mark 8:33, Mark 9:31 (+38 more)
Related Senses
H0376 1. man, person, human male (2130×)H0001 1. father, immediate male parent (1031×)H0251 1. brother (blood sibling) (573×)H0120 1. man, human being (individual/generic) (527×)H0802 1. woman, female person (519×)G3962 1. father or divine Father (413×)G0080 1. brother, fellow believer (343×)H0802 2. wife, spouse (255×)H0517 1. mother, female parent (217×)G0435 1. man, male person (202×)G1135 1. woman, adult female (190×)H2233 1. offspring, descendants (172×)H0001 2. ancestor, forefather (146×)H5288 1. Youth, young man (122×)H0269 1. sister (female sibling) (113×)H1755 1. generation, contemporaries (96×)G5043 1. child, offspring (89×)H3206 1. child, boy, youth (86×)H2145 1. male (human being) (79×)G3384 1. mother (77×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἄνθρωπος, ἡ, Attic dialect crasis ἅνθρωπος, Ionic dialect ὥνθρωπος, for ὁ ἄνθρ-:— man, both as a generic term and of individuals, Refs 8th c.BC+, opposed to gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ᾽ ἀνθρώπωνRefs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς ἠοίων ἢ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων the men of the east or of the west, Refs 8th c.BC+; even of the dead in the Isles of the Blest,Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 Refs 5th c.BC+ uses it both…