H0213 H0213
To hasten, press, or urge; also to be narrow or cramped, describing constricted space.
A verb with two distinct semantic poles. In most occurrences it conveys urgency and haste: the angels press Lot to flee Sodom (Gen 19:15), Egyptian taskmasters drive the Israelites (Exod 5:13), and Proverbs warns repeatedly against hasty feet and hasty words (19:2; 21:5; 28:20; 29:20). Yet in Joshua 17:15, the same root describes spatial constriction—'the hill country of Ephraim is too narrow for you'—a meaning confirmed by Arabic daqa ('be narrow') and Spanish 'estrecho' (narrow). The Wisdom literature uses the haste sense with particular force: 'everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty' (Prov 21:5), a proverb whose cross-linguistic renderings consistently emphasize rashness rather than mere speed.
Senses
1. hasten, press, urge — To hasten, hurry, press, or urge, whether intransitively (be hasty, rush) in the Qal or causatively (press, urge someone) in the Hif'il. The angels urge Lot at dawn (Gen 19:15), taskmasters press the Israelites (Exod 5:13), the sun does not hasten to set during Joshua's battle (Josh 10:13), and Proverbs repeatedly warns against haste in speech and action (19:2; 21:5; 28:20; 29:20). Arabic 'muta'ajjil/alahha' and Korean '조급한/서둘렀다' confirm the urgency dimension, while Jeremiah insists he did not hurry away from being a shepherd-prophet (Jer 17:16). 9×
AR["أَسرَعَت", "أُسْرِعْ", "تُلِحُّوا", "مُتَسَرِّعًا", "مُتَعَجِّلٍ", "وَ-أَلَحَّ", "وَ-مُتَعَجِّلٌ", "وَ-مُسْتَعْجِلٌ", "يُعَجِّلُونَهُمْ"]·ben["এবং-যে-তাড়াহুড়ো-করে", "ও-তাড়া-দিলেন", "কিন্তু-যে-তাড়াহুড়ো-করে", "তাড়া-কর", "তাড়া-দিচ্ছিল", "তাড়াহুড়ো", "তাড়াহুড়ো-করল", "তাড়াহুড়ো-করে", "তাড়াহুড়ো-করেছি"]·DE["[אץ]", "[אצתי]", "[ואץ]", "[תאיצו]", "drängten", "hastened", "pressing"]·EN["I-hurried", "and-hasty", "and-urged", "but-one-who-hastens", "hastened", "hasty", "press", "pressing"]·FR["[אצתי]", "[תאיצו]", "et-se-hâter", "et-urged", "hastened", "pressing", "se-hâter"]·heb["אץ", "אצים", "אצתי", "ו-אץ", "ו-יאיצו", "תאיצו"]·HI["और-जलदि-किय", "और-जल्दी", "और-जल्दी-करने-वाला", "जलदी-करा-रहे-थे", "जल्दबाज", "जल्दबाज़", "जल्दी-करो", "जल्दी-की", "जल्दी-की-मैंने"]·ID["bersikeras", "dan-mendesak-mereka", "dan-yang-tergesa-gesa", "mendesak", "terburu-buru", "tergesa-gesa", "tetapi-siapa-tergesa-gesa", "yang-tergesa-gesa"]·IT["[אצתי]", "[תאיצו]", "e-e-hasty", "e-ma-one-chi-hastens", "e-urged", "hastened", "hasty", "pressing"]·jav["enggal-enggal", "kesusu", "lan-sami-ndorong", "lan-tiyang-kang-kesusu", "meksa", "nanging-tiyang-kang-kesusu", "sami-ndeseg", "tiyang-kang-kesusu"]·KO["그러나-조급하는-자는", "그리고-급하는-자는", "그리고-재촉했다", "다그쳤다", "서두르라", "서두르지", "서둘렀다", "조급한", "조급한-자는"]·PT["apressado", "apressou-se", "e-apressado", "e-apressaram", "e-o-que-apressa", "me-apressei", "o-que-se-apressa", "pressionando", "vos-apresseis"]·RU["а-торопящийся", "и-торопили", "и-торопящийся", "спешил", "спешило", "спешите", "торопили", "торопливого", "торопящийся"]·ES["apremiaban", "el-que-se-apresura", "me-apresuré", "os-apresuraréis", "que-se-apresura", "se-apresuró", "y-apremiaron", "y-el-que-se-apresura"]·SW["kuharakisha", "kunifariji", "lakini-aharakishaye", "mwenye-haraka", "na-anayeharakisha", "na-malaika", "nilikimbilia", "wakiwasukuma"]·TR["acele-eden", "acele-etmeyin", "acele-etti", "acele-ettim", "fakat-acele-eden", "ve-acele-eden", "ve-acele-ettirdiler", "zorlayan"]·urd["اور-جلدی-کرایا", "اور-جلدی-کرنے-والا", "جلد-باز", "جلدباز", "جلدی-کرتے", "جلدی-کرو", "جلدی-کی"]
2. be narrow, be pressed — To be narrow, cramped, or constricted in space. In Joshua 17:15, the tribes of Joseph complain that the hill country of Ephraim 'is too narrow' for their growing population—a spatial rather than temporal meaning. Arabic 'daqa' (be narrow) and Spanish 'estrecho' (narrow/tight) support this distinct sense of physical constriction, semantically far removed from the urgency and haste of the primary meaning. 1×
AR["ضاقَ"]·ben["সরু"]·DE["ist-eng"]·EN["is-narrow"]·FR["est-narrow"]·heb["אץ"]·HI["तंग"]·ID["terlalu-sempit"]·IT["è-stretto"]·jav["rupet"]·KO["좁다"]·PT["é-estreito"]·RU["тесна"]·ES["es-estrecho"]·SW["imefinyana"]·TR["dar"]·urd["تنگ"]
Related Senses
H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H1242 1. morning (214×)H7965 1. peace, absence of conflict (198×)H5750 2. still, yet (continuative) (166×)G5119 1. then (160×)H3467 1. save, deliver, rescue (Hifil active) (156×)G3568 1. now (147×)H5127 1. flee, run away (Qal) (144×)G2193 1. until (143×)G3825 1. (141×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [אוּץ] vb. press, be pressed, make haste— Qal Pf. אָץ Jos 10:13; 17:15; אַ֫צְתִּי Je 17:16 Pt. אָץ Pr 19:2 + 3 times Pr; אָצִים Ex 5:13;— 1. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E). 2. (intr.) be pressed, confined, narrow Jos 17:15 כִּי אָץ לְךָ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם. 3. hasten, make haste, sq. ל + Inf. Jos 10:13 לֹא אָץ לָבוֹא (J, of sun); Pr 28:20 א׳ לַהַעֲשִׁיר; sq. מִן Je 17:16 לֹא א׳…