Haste and Urgency

† I. [מָהַר] vb. hasten (NH Pi., and deriv.; Arabic مَهَرَ be practised, skilled (with Assyrian mâru, send, order, govern, cf. ii. מהר); Ethiopic መሀረ train, teach; Syriac ܡܗܪ Pa. id.; cf. also Egypt. māhar, trained warrior Bondi 57);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִמְהָ֑רָה Jb 5:13; Pt. נִמְהָר Hb 1:6; pl. נִמְהָרִים Is 32:4; cstr. נִמְהֲרֵי Is 35:4;—be hurried = anxious, disturbed נִמְהֲרֵי־לֵב Is 35:4; hasty, precipitate, subj. עֵצָה Jb 5:13; so pt. as subst. Is 32:4; impetuous, of Chaldeans, Hb 1:6 (‖ מַר). Pi. Pf. מִהַר 1 S 4:14; Is 51:14; 3 fs. מִהֲרָה Je 48:16 etc.; Impf. יְמַהֵר Is 5:19 + 2 times; וַיְמַהֵר Gn 18:6 + 8 times (1 S 28:20 v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּמַהֵרְנָה Je 9:17 etc.; Imv. ms. מַהֵר Gn 19:22 +; מַהֲרָה 1 S 23:27; 1 K 22:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. מַהֵר Pr 7:23 +; Pt. מְמַהֵר Gn 41:32; Mal 3:5 (on מַהֵר Zp 1:14 [1 S 23:22] cf. Kö i. 268, Schwally ZAW x. 1890, 176 vid. i. מַהֵר infra), fpl. מְמַהֲרוֹת Pr 6:18;— 1. hasten, make haste, = go or come quickly Gn 18:6 1 S 9:12 (but del. 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu HPS), Na 2:6; Is 49:17; 1 Ch 12:9; = go eagerly, (sq. Inf. of purpose) Pr 1:16; Is 59:7; Pt. = swift, prompt Mal 3:5; of bird Pr 7:23; fig. of calamity Is 5:19 (‖ חוּשׁ), Je 48:16, cf. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּז Is 8:1, 3, infr. 2. hasten + vb., (מ׳ having really adverbial force): sq. Inf. Gn 18:7 (מִהַר לַעֲשׂת); cf. 27:20; 41:32 (subj. God), Ex 2:18; 10:16; 12:33; 2 S 15:14; Is 32:4; 51:14; Pr 6:18; Ec 5:1; more often sq. vb. c. ו Gn 24:18, 20, 46; 44:11 (all J), 45:9, 13 (E), prob. 43:30 (J), also Ex 34:8 (J), Jos 4:10; 8:14, 19 (all JE), Ju 13:10; 1 S 4:14; 17:48; 23:27; 25:18, 23, 34(×2); 28:24; 2 S 15:14; 19:17; 1 K 20:33, 41; 2 K 9:13; Je 9:17; so even when act. is not wholly voluntary 1 S 28:20 (but read prob. וַיִּבָּהֵל 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu); also, ו om., ψ 106:13; especially c. Imv. Gn 19:22 (J), Ju 9:48; Est 6:10; so also מַהֵר עֲנֵנִי ψ 69:18; 102:3; 143:7; cf. 79:8 (v. Olad loc.). 3. trans. hasten, = prepare quickly Gn 18:6; = bring quickly 1 K 22:9 = 2 Ch 18:8, Est 5:5; = do quickly 2 Ch 24:5(×2).

† [בָּהַל] vb. (NH id. Pt. pass. בהול disquieted; Pi. disquiet; 𝔗 Pa. בַּהֵיל hasten, be precipitate, also dismay: but ܒܗܶܠ is be quiet)— Niph. Pf. נִבְהַל 1 S 28:21; נִבְהֲלָה ψ 6:4; נִבְהַלְתִּי Is 21:3; וְנִבְהָ֑לְתִּי consec. Jb 21:6; נִבְהֲלוּ Gn 45:3 +, etc.; Impf. וַיִּבָּהֵל Ju 20:41; 2 ms. תִּבָּהֵל Ec 8:3; יִבָּהֵלוּ֑ן ψ 104:29, etc.; Pt. נִבְהָל ψ 30:8; נִֽבֳהָל Pr 28:22; f. נִבְהָלָה Zp 1:18;— 1. be disturbed, dismayed, terrified, Gn 45:3 (E) Ju 20:41 1 S 28:21 2 S 4:1 (‖ וַיִּרְפּוּ יָדָיו, cf. Ez 7:27 supr.); of bones of sufferer ψ 6:3 (‖ cf. infr. v 4); of hands of dismayed people Ez 7:27; especially at chastisements & judgments of י׳ Ex 15:15 (song, in E) ψ 6:4 (subj. נֶפֶשׁ, ‖ cf. supr. v 3) v 11 (‖ בושׁ) 30:8; 48:6; 104:29; 83:18 (‖ בושׁ) 90:7 Is 13:8; 21:3 (sq. מִן so as not to) Jb 23:15 (מפני) Je 51:32 Ez 26:18 (del. 𝔊 Co); Jb 4:5 (‖ לאה), cf. also 21:6 as adj. terrible Zp 1:18 כָּלָה אַךְ־נִבְהָלָה. 2. be in haste, hasty (late, cf. Aramaic above): Ec 8:3 אַל־תִּבּ׳ מִפָּנָיו תֵּלֵךְ be not hasty (to) go from him; Pr 28:22 נִבֳהָל לַהוֹן hastening after riches. Pi. Impf. וַיְבַהֵל Est 2:9; sf. יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Dn 11:44; וִיבַהֶלְךָ Jb 22:10; יְבַהֲלֵמוֹ ψ 2:5; 2 ms. תְּבַהֲלֵם ψ 83:16; אַל־תְּבַהֵל Ec 5:1; 7:9; Inf. sf. לְבַהֲלֵנִי 2 Ch 35:21; ם—ָ32:18; Part. מבלהים Kt, מְבַהֲלִים Qr Ezr 4:4 (BeRy pref. Kt, v. בלהּ);— 1. dismay, terrify, sq. sf. 2 Ch 32:18 (‖ ירא), Dn 11:44 Jb 22:10 (subj. פַּחַד), ψ 2:5 (subj. י׳) 83:16 (‖ רדף; subj. י׳); cf. also Ezr 4:4 (v. sub בלהּ). 2. hasten, make haste, act hastily (late), 2 Ch 35:21 וֵאלֹהִים אָמַר לְבַהֲלֵנִי God hath given command to speed me (RVm); sq. inf. make haste Est 2:9; of hasty speech Ec 5:1 אַל־תְּב׳ עַל־פִּיךָ (‖ וְלִבְּךָ אַל־יְמַהֵר לְהוֹצִיא דָבָר); of anger Ec 7:9 אַל־תְּב׳ בְּרוּחֲךָ לִכְעוֹם. Pu. Pt. pl. מְבֹהָלִים Est 8:14, cf. מְבֹהֶלֶת Qr Pr 20:21 (so read with Vrss Now Str; AV RV); Kt מבחלת v. בָּחֵל" dir="rtl" >בחל;—hastened Est 8:14 of royal posts (‖ דְּחוּפִים); hastily gained נַחֲלָה מְב׳ Pr 20:21. Hiph. Pf. sf. הִבְהִילָ֑נִי Jb 23:16; Impf. sf. וַיַּבְהִלוּהוּ 2 Ch 26:20; 3 mpl. וַיַּבְהִלוּ Est 6:14;— 1. dismay, terrify, sq. sf. Jb 23:16 (subj. שַׁדַּי; ‖ הֵרַךְ לִבִּי). 2. (late) hasten, hurry (trans.), 2 Ch 26:20 וַיַּבְהִלוּהוּ מִשָּׁם and they hurried him thence (‖ נִדְחַף); make haste, sq. inf. Est 6:14 וַיּב׳ לְהָבִיא and they make haste to bring Haman.

† I. חוּשׁ vb. haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, DlPr 180, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this vb. v. Nö ZMG 1883, 538)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. חָשׁ Dt 32:35 (or Pt., but v. Di), 1 s. חַשְׁתִּי ψ 119:60; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Jb 31:5 Ges§ 72 R. 9; Imv. חוּ֫שָׁה 1 S 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + ψ 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); Inf. sf. חוּשִׁי Jb 20:2; Pt. act. חָשׁ Hb 1:8 + Is 8:1, 3 in n.pr.; pass. חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17; but v. infr.:—make haste Dt 32:35 (‖ קרוב), ψ 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Is 8:1, 3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Hb 1:8; Jb 31:5 subj. רגל, sq. על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Jb 20:2 my haste in me, i.e. my inward excitement—especially Imv. 1 S 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: sq. לְעֶזְרָתִי 22:20; 38:23; 40:14; 70:2; 71:12 (Qr); sq. לִי 70:6; 141:1; pt. pass. נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17, but prob. for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Di comp. Ex 13:18 etc.); BaNB 180 retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as act. (intrans.) = hastening. Hiph. Pf. הֵחִישׁוּ Ju 20:37; Impf. יָחִישׁ Is 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. 5:19 (Ges§ 48. 3); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. ψ 55:9; sf. אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Is 60:22;— 1. shew haste, act quickly Ju 20:37; hasten, come quickly Is 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Is 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Che Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way). 2. transit. c. sf. Is 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. ψ 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.

† I. חָרַץ vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, ZehnpfundBAS i. 502; Ph. חרץ decision, HoffmAGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22 Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)— 1. cut, mutilate Lv 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת). 2. sharpen, fig. the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Ex 11:7 (J), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Jos 10:21. 3. decide 1 K 20:40 (abs.); so pt. pass. חרוצים ימיו Jb 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖ מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Is 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision 2 S 5:24. Niph. Pt. נֶחֱרָצָה Is 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Dn 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr. according to BaNB 90); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Is 10:23; 28:22 Dn 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Dn 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Dn 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

† [אוּץ] vb. press, be pressed, make haste— Qal Pf. אָץ Jos 10:13; 17:15; אַ֫צְתִּי Je 17:16 Pt. אָץ Pr 19:2 + 3 times Pr; אָצִים Ex 5:13;— 1. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E). 2. (intr.) be pressed, confined, narrow Jos 17:15 כִּי אָץ לְךָ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם. 3. hasten, make haste, sq. ל + Inf. Jos 10:13 לֹא אָץ לָבוֹא (J, of sun); Pr 28:20 א׳ לַהַעֲשִׁיר; sq. מִן Je 17:16 לֹא א׳ מֵרוֹעֶה; sq. ב (of particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 (בַּרַגְלַיִם); 29:20 (בִּדַבָרִים); cf. also Pr 21:5 וַכָל־אָץ אַךְ לַמַחַסוֹר. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאִיצוּ Gn 19:15; תָּאִיצוּ Is 22:4—hasten (tr.) sq. ב Gn 19:15 (J); sq. ל + Inf. אַל־תָּא׳ לְנַחֲמֵנִי Is 22:4. (May be Qal Impf., & vb. ע׳י.)

† [חָפַז] vb. be in trepidation, hurry, or alarm (Arabic حَفَزَ hasten, incite, urge);— Qal Impf. יַחְפּוֹז Jb 40:23; תַּחְפְּזוּ Dt 20:3; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּחָפְזִי ψ 31:23; 116:11; בְּחָפְזָהּ 2 S 4:4; בְּחָפְזָם 2 K 7:15 Qr (Kt הֵחָֽפְזֵם);— 1. be in a hurry or alarm, of hurried flight 2 S 4:4 2 K 7:15; Inf. c. ב = noun, in my alarm ψ 31:23; 116:11; 2. be alarmed Dt 20:3 (‖ תיראו), Jb 40:23 (of hippopot.) Niph. Pf. נֶחְפָּ֑זוּ ψ 48:6 (‖ נִבְהֲלוּ) hurry away in alarm; so Impf. יֵחָפֵז֑וּן ψ 104:7 (‖ יְנוּסוּן); Inf. הֵחָֽפְזֵם 2 K 7:15 Kt v. supr.; Pt. נֶחְפָּז 1 S 23:26 hurried ויהי דוד נ׳ ללכת and David became hurried to go.

σπεύδω, Epic dialect infinitive σπευδέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+: future σπεύσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσπευσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect σπεῦσα Refs 8th c.BC+; subjunctive σπεύσομεν, for -ωμεν, Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἔσπευκα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—middle, Refs 4th c.BC+: future σπεύσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+:— passive, perfect ἔσπευσμαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I transitive, set going, urge on, hasten, ταῦτα δ᾽ ἅμα χρὴ σπεύδειν Refs 8th c.BC+; παῦσαι σπεύδων τὰ σπεύδειςRefs 5th c.BC+; σ. οἱ μὲν ἴγδιν, οἱ δὲ σίλφιον, οἱ δ᾽ ὄξος procure quickly, get ready, Refs 6th c.BC+; σπευσίω ὅτι κα δύναμαι κακὸν τᾷ πόλει Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.b seek eagerly, strive after, μηδὲν ἄγαν σ. Refs 6th c.BC+; σ. βίον ἀθάνατον, μακροτέραν ἀρετάν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.c promote or further zealously, press or urge on, τι τῶν φέρει φρήν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἕκαστος σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐναντία τῇ ἑαυτῶν ὠφελείᾳ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; in arguing, σεαυτῷ τὰ ἐναντία σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. τοῦτο, ὅπως.. Refs 4th c.BC+ the partisans of Chaereas, Refs 2nd c.AD+: followed by a conjunctive, εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους σπεύσω σ᾽ ὅπως ἂν ἐγγραφῇς Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, σπευδομένα θυσίαν Refs 4th c.BC+: —passive, ξυνὸν πᾶσι ἀγαθὸν σπεύδεται Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐσπευσμέναι χρεῖαι pressing needs, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 with accusative et infinitive, σπεύσατε.. Τεῦκρον ἐν τάχει μολεῖν urge him to come quickly, Refs 5th c.BC+; σπεῦσον.. κάπετόν τιν᾽ ἰδεῖν hasten to look out for.., Refs __II more frequently intransitive, press on, hasten. διὰ δρυμὰ πυκνὰ καὶ ὕλην σπεύδουσ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος with loose rein, Refs 5th c.BC+; exert oneself, strive eagerly or anxiously, of warriors fighting, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a smith at work, Refs; of beasts of draught, Refs; of bees working, Refs 8th c.BC+; σπεῦδε βραδέως festina lente, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. τινί exert oneself for another, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —Construct., __II.1 with participle, σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα (for σπουδαίως ἐπονήσατο) Refs 8th c.BC+ in haste, eagerly, τὼ δὲ σπεύδοντε πετέσθην Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 with infinitive, to be eager to.., Hes Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, σπευδομένα ἀφελεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 with accusative et infinitive, to be anxious that.., εἰρήνην ἑωυτοῖσι γενέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ λεκτικοὺς γίγνεσθαι τοὺς συνόντας οὐκ ἔσπ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 followed by ὡς, ὅπως, etc., σ. ὡς Ζεὺς μήποτ᾽ ἄρξειεν Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. ὅπως μὴ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵνα.., ἵνα μὴ.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὥστε μή, with infinitive, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 followed by a preposition, σ. μάχην ἐς show eagerness for.., Refs 8th c.BC+.. hasten,Refs 8th c.BC+; περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος struggle for him, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρός τινα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.6 with adverb, σ. οἷ θέλεις Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.7 to be troubled in mind, harassed, LXX, Lithuanian spáudžiu 'press'.)

† [דָּחַף] vb. drive, hasten (late) (NH id., Aramaic דְּחַף)— Qal Pt. pass. pl. דְּחוּפִים of runners Est 3:15; 8:14 (‖ מְבֹהָלִים). Niph. Pf. hasten one’s self, hurry נִדְחַף אֶל־ Est 6:12; נִדְחַף לָצֵאת 2 Ch 26:20 (‖ בהל).

† II. [בָּחֵל] vb. (Arabic بَخِلَ be avaricious)— Qal ; only Pu. Pt. נַחֲלָה מְבֹחֶלֶת an inheritance gotten by greed Pr 20:21 Kt; נ׳ מְבֹהֶלֶת, v. בָּהַל" dir="rtl" >בהל.

—

† II. [חוּשׁ] vb. feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Now comp. Arabic حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; NH חוּשׁ feel pain; Aramaic ܚܳܫ חוּשׁ, feel pain; Ethiopic ሕዋስ perception)—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Ec 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (i.e. enjoy pleasure)?

† I. חוּשׁ vb. haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, DlPr 180, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this vb. v. Nö ZMG 1883, 538)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. חָשׁ Dt 32:35 (or Pt., but v. Di), 1 s. חַשְׁתִּי ψ 119:60; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Jb 31:5 Ges§ 72 R. 9; Imv. חוּ֫שָׁה 1 S 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + ψ 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); Inf. sf. חוּשִׁי Jb 20:2; Pt. act. חָשׁ Hb 1:8 + Is 8:1, 3 in n.pr.; pass. חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17; but v. infr.:—make haste Dt 32:35 (‖ קרוב), ψ 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Is 8:1, 3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Hb 1:8; Jb 31:5 subj. רגל, sq. על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Jb 20:2 my haste in me, i.e. my inward excitement—especially Imv. 1 S 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: sq. לְעֶזְרָתִי 22:20; 38:23; 40:14; 70:2; 71:12 (Qr); sq. לִי 70:6; 141:1; pt. pass. נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Nu 32:17, but prob. for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Di comp. Ex 13:18 etc.); BaNB 180 retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as act. (intrans.) = hastening. Hiph. Pf. הֵחִישׁוּ Ju 20:37; Impf. יָחִישׁ Is 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. 5:19 (Ges§ 48. 3); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. ψ 55:9; sf. אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Is 60:22;— 1. shew haste, act quickly Ju 20:37; hasten, come quickly Is 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Is 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Che Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way). 2. transit. c. sf. Is 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. ψ 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.