Months and Lunar Cycles

Mes (período del calendario lunar) o luna nueva (fiesta que marca el primer día del mes).

Μήν (genitivo μηνός) es la palabra griega estándar para 'mes,' y aparece 18 veces en el Nuevo Testamento en contextos narrativos, proféticos y apocalí

Espigas tiernas de grano (cebada); también el mes de Aviv (= Nisán), primer mes del calendario hebreo cuando maduran las espigas.

Kislev, noveno mes del calendario judío (noviembre-diciembre)

† זִו appar. n.pr. of 2nd month, = c. April–May, named as month of beginning the temple-building; בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי 1 K 6:1 = בְּיֶרַח זִ֑ו v 37; 𝔊B v 1 has simply ἐν μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ, v 37 (in 𝔊 v 4) ἐν μηνὶ Νεισῷ καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ μηνί; 𝔊 codd. ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ; 𝔊L (only v 37) ἐν δευτέρῳ μηνί, ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου;—(si vera l. comp. perhaps Aramaic זִיו ܙܝܺܘܳܐ brightness, freshness, so Biblical Aramaic Dn 2:31 +; cf. 𝔗 יֶרַח זִיו נִיצָנַיָּא month of brightness of flowers; Assyrian zîmu, DlPr 152 f. cf. NöZMG 1886, 732; Thes al. der. זִו, זִיו (= זְהִיו) from זהה in sense be bright, splendid, etc., cf. Arabic زَهَا increase, thrive (of seed-produce), زَهْوٌ a beautiful and bright, or fresh, plant; Aramaic זְהָא, adj. זָהוֹהָא haughty, proud; ܙܗܳܐ glory, boast, be magnificent; yet cf. Ol§ 174 ad fin.)

† [יְרַח] n.m. month (v. BH);—abs. לִירַח אֲדָר Ezr 6:15; pl. abs. יַרְחִין Dn 4:26.

† כֶּ֫סֶא Pr 7:20, כֶּ֫סֶה ψ 81:4 n.[m.] full moon (cf. Aramaic ܟܶܣܐܴܐ; orig. dubious, cf. LagSymm. i. 93; perhaps Assyrian loan-word; cf. Assyrian kuŝeu, headdress or cap, = agû, id., and also full moon (as tiara of moon-god?), DlHWB, sub kusêu, kubšu, agû; yet v. Brock)—לְיוֹם הַכּ׳ Pr 7:20; as a feast-day, בַּכּ׳ ψ 81:4 (opp. בַּחֹדֶשׁ, at the new moon).

† נִיסָן n.pr. of 1st month (loan-wd. from Bab. Nisannu, cf. Schr COT Ne 1:1 Muss-ArnoltJBL xi. 1 (1892), 76; NH = BH; so Nab. Palm. v. Lzb323);—only post-exile: חֹדֶשׁ נ׳ Ne 2:1 Est 3:7 (+ הַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן), = pre-exile הָאָבִיב (חֹדֶשׁ).—On sacredness of Nisan cf. also RSSem. i. 387; 2d ed. 406 f.

luna nueva, primer día del mes lunar; fiesta u observancia asociada con la luna nueva

τετρᾰ-μηνος, ον, (μήν) of four months, lasting four months, σπονδαί Refs 5th c.BC+; τετράμηνοι ὀχεύουσι at four months old, Refs 4th c.BC+; τετράμηνον for a space of four months,Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ πρώτη τ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; so τετράμηνα Refs 5th c.BC+

τρῐμην-ος, ον, (μήν) of three months, χρόνος Refs 5th c.BC+period of three months, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τ. Refs 2nd c.BC+born after three months, Refs: neuter as adverb, τρίμηνα ἐκτιτρώσκειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 three months old, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 πυροὶ τ. wheat sown in spring, so as to ripen in three months, Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. אֱלוּל n.pr. of 6th month, Aug.–Sept. Ne 6:15 (Mish. id., Pal. אלול Vog79, Assyrian Ululu COT Ne 1:1, Arabic أَيْلُول, Aramaic ܐܻܝܠܘܽܠܴܐ ).

† I. בּוּל n.[m.] Bul, 8th month = Marcheswan, Assyrian Araḫ samna, 1 K 6:38 הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי בְּיֶרַח בּוּל הוּא; (Canaanitish; Ph. ירח בל; a Palm. god is בול (in n.pr. עבדבול, Vog93 זבדבול etc.) & ירחבול (Vog93, moon-god), which DHMBer. Wien. Akkadian cviii. 977 connects with Heb. בּוּל; BaeRel. 87 f. (q.v.) thinks = בעל, cf. Thes p. 560).

† טֵבֵ֑ת n.pr. 10th month = Dec.–Jan., Est 2:16 (Nab. טבת Eut No. 3 Palm. id., Vog No. 66; loan-word from Assyrian Ṭêbêtum, SchrCOT on Ne 1:1, HptE Vowel 10, JenZA iv (1889) 272 f., √ perhaps ṭebû = טבע v. especially Hptl.c., Muss-ArnoltJBL xi, 1892, 170, month of sinking in = muddy month).

Siván, el tercer mes del calendario hebreo (mayo-junio)

† שְׁבָט n.pr. mens. Shebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Ne 1(×2) DlWB), Zc 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl. 38; WB), Lyon Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384 JenZA iv (1889), 273 Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 171 f. al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in ZimKAT 3. 594 n.; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palm., v. Lzb SAC 111).