Flesh and Body

בָּשָׂר266 n.m. flesh (cf. Arabic بَشَرٌ skin, Syriac ܒܶܣܪܳܐ, Assyrian bišru, blood-relation, Dl Assyrian Stud. i. 143, cf. Pr 170, Sab. בשר תורם flesh of bulls)—Gn 2:21 + 126 times; cstr. בְּשַׂר Gn 17:11 + 40 times; sf. בְּשָׂרִי etc. ψ 16:9 + 96 times; pl. בְּשָׂרִים Pr 14:30;— 1. of the body: a. of animals Gn 41:2–19; Ex 21:28; 22:30; Nu 12:12 (E) Nu 11:4–33 (JE) Gn 9:4 + (P 30 times) Dt 12:15 + (D 9 times) Ju 6:19–21; 1 S 2:13, 15; 1 K 17:6; 19:21; Jb 31:31; 41:15 ψ 50:13; Pr 23:20; Is 22:13; 44:16, 19; 65:4; 66:17; Je 7:21; 11:15; Ez 4:14 + 6 times Dn 10:3; Ho 8:13 Mi 3:3; Hg 2:12; Zc 11:9, 16. b. of men Gn 40:19 (E) 2:21; Ex 4:7 (J) Lv 12:3; 13:2 + 16 times 26:29 (P) Dt 28:53, 55; 32:42; Ju 8:7; 1 S 17:44; 2 K 4:34; 5:10, 14; 6:30; 9:36; Jb 2:5; 4:15; 6:12; 7:5; 10:11; 13:14; 19:20, 22; 21:6; 33:21, 25 ψ 27:2; 38:4, 8; 79:2; 102:6; 109:24; Pr 4:22; 5:11 Is 9:19; 17:4; 49:26; Je 19:9; La 3:4; Ez 32:5; 37:6, 8; 39:17, 18 Dn 1:15; Zc 14:12. The flesh of the body is contrasted with stone Ez 11:19; 36:26. 2. flesh for the body itself (especially in P): על בשׂר אדם לא ייסך upon the body of man it shall not be poured Ex 30:32 (P); מכנסי בד ילבשׁ על בשׂרו linen drawers shall he put on his body Lv 6:3; 16:4 (P); וישׂם שׂק על בשׂרו 1 K 21:27; ורחץ את בשׂרו and he shall bathe his body Lv 14:9; 15:13, 16; 16:24, 26, 28; 17:16; 22:6; Nu 19:7, 8 (P); שׂרט לנפשׁ לא תתנו בכשׂרכם ye shall not put any cutting for any one in your body Lv 19:28; cf. Lv 21:5 (P); והעבירו תער על כל בשׂרם and they shall pass a razor over all their body Nu 8:7 (P). Ec. uses בשׂר only in this sense 2:3; 4:5; 5:5; 11:10; 12:12; elsewhere this usage only in poetry; the body antith. to נפשׁ Jb 14:22; Is 10:18 ψ 63:2; לב ψ 16:9; 84:3; Pr 14:30 (only here emphatic pl. = entire body Bö§ 695, Leiblichkeit De); מִבְּשָׂרִי apart from my body, in disembodied state Jb 19:26; סמר מפחדך בשׂרי my body trembleth for fear of thee ψ 119:120. 3. male organ of generation (euphemism): בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם Gn 17:11, 14, 23, 24, 25 (P); בשׂר ערוה Ex 28:42 (P), but בשׂר Gn 17:14; Lv 15:2–19 (P); Ez 16:26; 23:20; 44:7, 9. 4. flesh for kindred, blood-relations: עצם מעצמי ובשׂר מבשׂרי bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh Gn 2:23 (J); והיו לבשׂר אחד and they shall become one flesh Gn 2:24 (J); עצמי ובשׂרי Gn 29:14 (J); Ju 9:2; 2 S 5:1 = 1 Ch 11:1; 19:13, 14; בשׂר with sf. in same sense Gn 37:27 (J); Ne 5:5; Is 58:7, for which שְׁאֵר בשׂרו near of kin, man or woman Lv 18:6; 25:49 (both H; 25:49 ‖ מִשְׁפָּחָה, cf. RSK 149). 5. man over against God as frail or erring Gn 6:3 (J) ψ 56:5; 78:39; eyes of flesh Jb 10:4; arm of flesh 2 Ch 32:8; Je 17:5; horses are flesh not spirit Is 31:3. 6. the phrase כָּל־בָּשָׂר: a. all living beings Gn 6:17, 19; 7:21; 9:11, 15, 16, 17 Lv 17:14(×3); Nu 18:15 (P); Jb 34:15 ψ 136:25. b. animals Gn 7:15, 16; 8:17 (P). c. mankind Gn 6:12, 13; Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); Dt 5:23 ψ 65:3; 145:21; Is 40:5, 6; 49:26; 66:16, 23, 24; Je 12:12; 25:31; 32:27; 45:5; Ez 21:4, 9, 10; Jo 3:1; Zc 2:17; cf. כל בשׂר אישׁ Jb 12:10.

כַּף192 n.f. 1 K 8:54 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan (NH id.; Aramaic id., ܟܰܦܳܐ; Assyrian kappu, hand, pan, kippatu, hollow; Arabic كَفٌّ palm, hand)—abs. כ׳ Jb 29:9 +, so read prob. also Ez 29:7b for MT כָּתֵף (𝔊 𝔖 Sm Co, cf. v a); כָּ֑ף 2 K 11:12 +; more often cstr. כַּף Gn 40:11 +; sf. כַּפִּי Ju 12:3, כַּפְּךָ Jb 13:21, etc.; in Ez 29:7 read כַּף Qr for כפך Kt (so Ew Hi Sm Co Da); du. כַּפַּיִם Is 49:16 +; cstr. כַּפֵּי Ex 29:24(×2) + 3 times; sf. כַּפַּי Gn 20:5 +, כַּפָּיו Nu 24:10 +, כַּפֵּיהֶם Is 59:6 + 2 times, כַּפֵּימוֹ Jb 27:23, etc.; pl. כַּפּוֹת (especially of soles, and in metaph. senses) abs. Nu 4:7 +; cstr. 2 K 9:35 +, sf. כַּפֹתָיו Ex 25:29; 37:16;— 1. a. of human beings, hollow or flat of hand, palm, (c. 116 times) 2 K 4:34(×2); נָתַן אֵת הַכּום עַל־כַּף פ׳ Gn 40:11, 21 (E), set the cup upon the palm of Pharaoh (cf. v 11a וְכוֹס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי), similarly Lv 8:27(×2) (P) +; הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־כַּפּוֹ Lv 14:16, 17, 18, 27, 28; as disting. from wrist and arm, Dt 25:12; rarely c. ידים (always כַּכּוֹת), שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֹת ידיו 1 S 5:4 (of Dagon), כ׳ הַיָּדַיִם 2 K 9:35, cf. Dn 10:10; כַּף הַשְּׂמָאלִית Lv 14:15, 26; note especially מְלֹא כ׳ קֶמַח 1 K 17:12 a handful of meal (lit. palmful), cf. Ec 4:6 (where disting. from מלא חָפְנַיִם a double fistful; in both these passages of a very small quantity); cf. וַיְמַלֵּא כַּפּוֹ מִן Lv 9:17 (ref. to מְלֹא קֻמְצוֹ 2:2; 5:12 cf. 6:8). In Ex 4:4 (JE), Pr 31:19 Ez 21:16 ψ 129:7, etc., the thought is that of grasping. b. anthropomorph. of י׳, covering Moses over with his palm, וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Ex 33:22 (J), and so fig. (c. שׁית) ψ 139:5; withdrawing (הֵסִיר) his hand Ex 33:23 (J); removing (הִרְחִיק) his afflicting hand Jb 13:21; עַל־כַּפַּיִם כִּסָּה אוֹר Jb 36:22, i.e. he (God) hath filled his palms with light. c. once of animals, הוֹלֵךְ עַל־כַּפָּיו Lv 11:27 going upon their palms, i.e. paws (cats, dogs, etc.). d. phrases are:—†(1) הִכָּה כַּף = clap the hands, in applause 2 K 11:12 so תָּקַע כ׳ ψ 47:2, מָחָא כ׳ Is 55:12 (fig. of trees), ψ 98:8 (fig. of rivers); but especially in scorn, contempt, etc., סָפַק אֶת־כַּפָּיו Nu 24:10 (J), יִשְׂפֹּק עָלֵימוֹ כַפֵּ֑ימוֹ Jb 27:23; so תָּקַע כַּף על־ Na 3:19, הִכָּה כַפִּי אֶל־ Ez 22:13 (of י׳); abs., הִכָּה בְכַפְּךָ Ez 6:11 (as מחא יד 25:6), הִכָּה כַּף אֶל־כַּף 21:19, אַכֶּה כַפִּי אֶל־כַּפִּי v 22 (of י׳). †(2) תָּפַשׂ בַּכַּף grasp, seize with the hand Ez 29:7 cf. v 7 (on text v. supr.) †(3) of hand-grasp as pledge, תָּקַעְתָּ לַזָּר כַּפֶּיךָ Pr 6:1 (if) thou hast smitten thy palms (given a double hand-grassp), for another (so De; ‖ עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ); so abs. תקע כף 17:18; 22:26 (cf. תקע ליד Jb 17:3). (4) often of hand spread out in prayer, as sign of longing to receive, c. פָּרַשׂ אֶל־ Ex 9:29, 33 (J), 1 K 8:38 = 2 Ch 6:29, etc. (v. יר ψ 143:6 La 1:17 and יָר 1 d, supr. p. 389; also פרשׂ, נשׂא, שׁטח). †(5) שׂים כַּף לְפֶה, in respectful silence, Jb 29:9. †(6) fig. וָאָשִׂימָה נַפְשִׁי בְכַפִּי Ju 12:3 = I have taken my life in my hand (i.e. hazard ed it), so 1 S 19:5; 28:21; Jb 13:14 and (without vb.) ψ 119:109. †(7) נִקְיֹן כ׳ Gn 20:5 cleanness of palms is fig. for purity of act, cf. ψ 26:6, also Jb 9:30; 22:30; ψ 24:4; 73:13; conversely, (לֹא)חָמָם בְּכַפָּ֑י Jb 16:17; 1 Ch 12:18; Is 59:6; Jon 3:8, cf. Is 59:3 (so ידים 1:15), Jb 31:7 ψ 7:4.—In many cases כַּף is not to be distinguished from יָד; so in phr. †יְגִיעַ כ׳ toil of the hands Gn 31:42; Hg 1:11; Jb 10:3; ψ 128:2; פֹּעַל כ׳ ψ 9:17, חֵפֶץ כ׳ Pr 31:13; תְּבוּנוֹת כ׳ ψ 78:72, פְּרִי כ׳ Pr 31:16 †; cf. Mi 7:3. †2. = power (i.e. grasp) of any one, נתן בכף Ju 6:13 = deliver into the power of, so Je 12:7, cf. בּוֹא בכף Pr 6:3; usually הוֹשִׁיעַ, פָּדָה, הִצִּיל etc., c. מִכַּף = out of the power of Ju 6:14 1 S 4:3 2 S 14:16; 19:10(×2); 22:1(×2) = 18:1 (title), 2 K 16:7(×2); 20:6 = Is 38:6, Mi 4:10 Je 15:21 2 Ch 30:6; 32:11 Ezr 8:31 ψ 71:4 (cf. יָד 5 g, p. 391 supr.) †3. כַּף רַגְלָהּ, etc., = sole of foot, Gn 8:9 (J), Jos 3:13; 4:18 (both JE), 1 K 5:17 2 K 19:24 = Is 37:25, Dt 11:24; 28:56, 65 Jos 1:3 (D), Ez 43:7 Mal 3:21; מִכַּף רַגְלוֹ וְעַד קָדְקֳדוֹ 2 S 14:25 Jb 2:7, cf. Is 1:6 (fig.); מִדְרַךְ כ׳ ר׳ Dt 2:5 treading-place for the sole of a foot; of the cherubim Ez 1:7, of a calf, (in sim.) v 7, (according to MT; cf. however Co). 4. of various hollow, bending or bend objects:— †a. hollow (i.e. socket), of the thigh-joint, כ׳ יָרֵךְ Gn 32:26(×2), 33(×2) (J). b. pan, vessel (as hollow), used in ritual, Ex 25:29; 37:16 Nu 4:7; 7:14 + 15 times Nu 7; 1 K 7:50 = 2 Ch 4:22, 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18, Je 52:19, 2 Ch 24:14. †c. hollow of sling, 1 S 25:29. †d. כַּפּוֹת תְּמָרִים Lv 23:40 = of huge hand-shaped branches (or fronds) of palm-trees. e. כַּפּוֹת הַמַּנְעוּל Ct 5:5 the (bent) handles of the bolt.

σάρξ, genitive σαρκός, ἡ, Aeolic dialect σύρξ Refs:— flesh, Refs 8th c.BC+ always in plural, except Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes to represent the whole body, μήτε γῆ δέξαιτό μου σάρκας θανόντος Refs 5th c.BC+: also collectively, of the body, γέροντα τὸν νοῦν, σάρκα δ᾽ ἡβῶσαν φέρει Refs 4th c.BC+; σαρκὸς περιβόλαια, ἐνδυτά, Refs 5th c.BC+ uses singular and plural in much the same manner, ταῖς σαρξὶ σάρκες προσγένωνται Refs, etc.: portions of meat, usually in plural, σάρκας τρεῖς Refs 3rd c.BC+; but, pieces of flesh or membrane, βήσσοντα.. ὥστε σάρκας ἐνπύους.. ἀποβάλλειν Refs __b εἰς σάρκα πημαίνειν to the quick, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 ἡ σ. τοῦ σκύτεος the inner or flesh-side of leather, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 fleshy, pulpy substance of fruit, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II the flesh, as the seat of the affections and lusts, fleshly nature, ἐν τῇ σ. ἡ ἡδονή Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀδούλωτον (probable reading) τῇ σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς ταύτης πάθεσι Refs 1st c.AD+, compare 101b; frequently in NT, NT __II.2 in “NT” also, the body, τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοια NT, = every-body, LXX+NT; οὐ.. πᾶσα σάρξ nobody, NT __II.3 the physical or natural order of things, opposed to the spiritual or supernatural, σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα NT; τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ πάσης σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ twr[kcirc]- 'portion', cf. Avest. θwar[schwa]s- 'cut'.)

קָנֶה62 n.m. Gn 41:5 stalk, reed;—abs. ק׳ 1 K 14:15 +; cstr. קְנֵה Ez 40:3 +; sf. קָנָהּ Ex 25:31; 37:17 = קָנָהֿ (Ges§ 91 e) Jb 31:22; pl. קָנִים Ex 25:32 +; cstr. קְנֵי 37:18 +; sf. קְנֹתָם 25:36; 37:22;— †1. stalk of grain Gn 41:5, 22 (E). †2. water-plant, reed, 1 K 14:15; Is 19:6 (+ סוּף), 35:7 (+ גֹּמֶא); coll., חַיַּת ק׳ ψ 68:31 beasts of (the) reeds (dwelling among them), cf. בְּסֵתֶר ק׳ וּבִצָּה Jb 40:21; מִשְׁעֶנֶת הַקּ׳ הָרָצוּץ 2 K 18:21 = Is 36:6, מִשׁ׳ ק׳ Ez 29:6, all fig. of weak support; cf. ק׳ רָצוּץ Is 42:3 (spared by עבד י׳) †3. calamus, aromatic reed, ק׳ הַטּוֹב Je 6:20 (Ges§ 126 w), ק׳־בֹשֶׁם Ex 30:23 (P); ק׳ alone Ez 27:19; Is 43:24; Ct 4:14. 4. derived meanings: †a. measuring-rod, קְנֵה הַמִּדָּה Ez 40:3, 5 (6 cubits long, v. אַמָּה) 42:16(×2), 17, 18, 19. b. unit of measure, reed (of 6 cubits, as Assyrian ḳanû) Ez 40:5(×2) + 10 times 40, 42, + מְלוֹ הַקּ׳ 41:8 full reed (emphat.). †c. beam of scales, for scales themselves Is 46:6. †d. shaft of lamp-stand Ex 25:31 = 37:17 (P). e. branches thereof, Ex 25:32(×3) = 37:18(×3) + 16 times 25, 37 (all P). †f. shoulder-joint, Jb 31:22 (‖ שְׁכֶם).

צֵלָע41 n.f.(m. 1 K 6:34, and appar. Ex 26:26) rib, side;—abs. צ׳ Gn 2:22 +, cstr. צֶ֫לַע Ex 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע 2 S 16:13; sf. צַלְעוֹ Ex 25:12 +; pl. צְלָעִים 1 K 6:34, צְלָעוֹת v 3 +; cstr. צַלְעֹת Ez 41:26 +; sf. צַלְעֹתָיו Gn 2:21 +;— 1. rib of man Gn 2:21, 22 (J). 2. rib of hill, i.e. ridge, or terrace 2 S 16:13. 3. side-chambers or cells (enclosing temple like ribs) 1 K 6:5, 6 (read הַצּ׳ for היצוע, v. [יָצִיעַ]), 7:3, so of Ezek.’s temple Ez 41:5 + 10 times 41 (on text v. Co Toy Krae). 4. ribs of cedar and fir, i.e. planks, boards (pl.), of temple wall 1 K 6:15, 16, floor v 15. 5. leaves of door v 34. 6. (in P) side, of ark (אֲרוֹן) Ex 25:12(×2), 14 = 37:3(×2), 5; of tabern. (מִשְׁכָּן) 26:20 (‖ פֵּאָה v 18), v 26, 27(×2) = 36:25 (‖ פ׳ v 23), v 31, 32, 26:35(×2); of altar 27:7 = 38:7, 30:4 = 37:27.—Je 20:10; Jb 18:12 v. צֶ֫לַע" dir="rtl" >צֶלַע sub צָלַע" dir="rtl" >II. צלע.

μέλος, εος, τό, limb, in early writers always in plural, Refs 8th c.BC+; μελέων ἔντοσθε within my bodily frame, Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ μέλη (-εα) limb by limb, like{μελεϊστί}, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέλη ποιεῖν dismember, LXX: later in singular, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἐσμὲν.. ἀλλήλων μέλη NT __3 features, form, οὐκέτ᾽ ἐγὼ.. γονέων μ. ὄψομαι Refs __B especially musical member, phrase: hence, song, strain, first in Refs, of the nightingale (the Refs 8th c.BC+; especially of lyric poetry, τὸ Ἀρχιλόχου μ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν μέλεϊ ποιέειν to write in lyric strain, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέλη, τά, lyric poetry, choral songs, opposed to Epic or Dramatic verse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.b lyric portion of the Comic παράβασις, Refs 7th c.AD+ __B.2 music to which a song is set, tune, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ῥυθμός, μέτρον, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ῥυθμός, ῥῆμα, Refs; Κρητικόν, Καρικόν, Ἰωνικὸν μ., Refs 5th c.BC+ properly, correctly, ἐν μ. φθέγγεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; παρὰ μέλος incorrectly, inopportunely, πὰρ μ. ἔρχομαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 melody of an instrument, φόρμιγξ δ᾽ αὖ φθέγγοιθ᾽ ἱερὸν μ. ἠδὲ καὶ αὐλός Refs 6th c.BC+: generally, tone, μ. βοῆς Refs 5th c.BC+ is corrupt in epigram cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+

אֶצְבַּע31 n.f.Lv 14:6 finger;—א׳ abs. Is 58:9, cstr. Ex 8:15 +; sf. אֶצְבָּעוֹ Lv 4:6 +; pl. אֶצְבָּעוֹת Je 52:21, cstr. אֶצְבְּעֹת 2 S 21:20 +, etc.;— 1. finger, especially a. forefinger, of priest, applying blood (P), Ex 29:12; Lv 4:6, 17, 25 + 8 times; applying oil 14:16(×2), 27. b. שְׁלַח א׳ of any one Is 58:9, sign of contempt. c. of God, as writing Ex 31:18 (E) Dt 9:10; = act of God Ex 8:15 (J). d. pl. of all the fingers 2 S 21:20a; fingers in gen. Is 2:8; 17:8; 59:3 ψ 144:1, Pr 7:3 Ct 5:5; of י׳ ψ 8:4; מֹרֶה בְא׳ Pr 6:13 (of contempt. gesture); as measure of thickness, Je 52:21 four fingers. 2. toes: אֶצְבְּעֹת רַגְלָיו 2 S 21:20b, lit. fingers of his feet, cf. א״ ‖ 1 Ch 20:6 = fingers and toes.

† I. לְחִי n.m. Ct 1:10 jaw, cheek (NH id.; Aramaic לוֹחָא; Arabic لَحْىٌ; on Assyrian laḫû cf. DlHWB 375, but ح = ḫ?);—ל׳ abs. Ju 15:17 Mi 4:14; cstr. Ju 15:15 + 2 times; לֶ֑חִי 1 K 22:24 + 3 times + Ju 15:19(×2); sf. לֶחֱיוֹ Jb 40:26; לֶחֱיָהּ La 1:2; du. לְחָיַיִם Dt 18:3; cstr. לְחָיֵי Is 30:28; sf. לְחָיַי Is 50:6, cf. Jb 16:10, etc.; לְחֵיהֶם Ho 11:4;— 1. jaw, jawbone, of animal, Ju 15:15, 16(×2), 17 (under jaw of ass), cf. n.pr.loc. רָמַת לֶ֑חִי v 17; in sim. כִּמְרִימֵי עֹל עַל־לְחֵיהֶם Ho 11:4 like those lifting up a yoke from upon (read מֵעַל?) their jaws (Isr. under fig. of oxen); of sacrificial ox or sheep Dt 18:3; of crocodile Jb 40:26; of Pharaoh under fig. of תַּנִּים Ez 29:4 (cf. v 3); cf. 38:4 Is 30:28. 2. cheek, of man 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23, Jb 16:10 ψ 3:8 Ct 5:13; Is 50:6; La 3:30; Mi 4:14; of woman Ct 1:10; La 1:2 (fig. of Jerusalem).

† זָקָן n.m. 2 S 10:5 + beard and f. Is 15:2 + chin (Assyrian ziḳnu, Asrb. Annals iv. 29; Arabic ذَقَنٌ, Aramaic דְּקַן, ܕܩܰܢ )—abs. ז׳ Lv 13:20 +; cstr. זְקַן 2 S 20:9 +; sf. זְקָנִי Ezr 9:3; זְקָנֶ֑ךָ Lv 19:27 Ez 5:1; זְקָנוֹ 1 S 21:14 + 2 times; זְקַנְכֶם 2 S 10:5 1 Ch 19:5; זְקָנָם 2 S 10:4 Lv 21:5; never pl.— 1. chin (opp. רֹאשׁ, top of head) Lv 13:29, 30; 14:9 (all P), 2 S 20:9 Ez 5:1; cf. also 1 S 21:14 ψ 133:2 (where however chin as bearded may be meant); chin, or lower jaw, of lion and bear 1 S 17:35. 2. beard, as growing (צמח) 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5; as cut off Is 7:20 (ספה), 15:2 = Je 48:37 (גרע); cf. מְגֻלְּחֵי זָקָן Je 41:5 2 S 10:4 (גלח); שׂער ראשׁי וּזְקָנִי Ezr 9:3; here belongs פאת זקן(ך) Lv 19:27; 21:5 (both H; opp. ראשׁ).

† שְׁאֵר n.m. ψ 73:26 flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. HoffmZAW iii (1883), 107, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 78:20, 27, cstr. Mi 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Je 51:35 ψ 73:26, etc.;— 1. flesh: a. as food, Ex 21:10 (HPS also 1 S 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), ψ 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v 27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Mi 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v 3 (‖ id.), Je 51:35 (‖ דָּם). b. fig. for physical power ψ 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Pr 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר). 2. in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Lv 18:12, cf. v 13; 20:19, also 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, 𝔊 Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו 21:2 Nu 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 18:6; 25:49. 3. = self, Pr 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

† כָּבֵד n.[f. Gn 49, 6] liver (explained by Thes (quoting Galen) as the heavy organ, par excellence, of the body; NH כָּבֵד; Aramaic כַּבְדָא, ܟܰܒܕܳܐ; Arabic كَبِدٌ, cf. أَكْبَدُ (anything) large, thick in the middle; Ethiopic ከብድ Assyrian kabittu DlHWB temper, heart (fig.), Aramaic כְּבַד, ܐܶܬܟܰܒܰܕ be angry, because the liver was regarded as seat of emotions)—כ׳ Ex 29:13 + 11 times; כְּבֵדוֹ Pr 7:23; כְּבֵדִי La 2:11;—liver of man, as pierced by arrow Pr 7:23; poured out in sorrow La 2:11; of animals as consulted by divination רָאָה בַּכּ׳ Ez 21:26; elsewhere in P, in phrases (ה)יֹתֶרֶת (עַל־)הַכָּבֵד Ex 29:13, 22; Lv 3:4, 10, 15; 4:9; 7:4; 8:16, 25; 9:19; הַיֹּתֶרֶת מִן־הַכּ׳ Lv 9:10, of the animals suited for sacrifice.

† מֵ֫צַח n.m. Ez 3:8 brow, forehead;—מ׳ abs. Ez 3:7, cstr. Ex 28:38 Je 3:3; sf. מִצְחֲךָ Ez 3:8 Is 48:4, מִצְחֶ֑ךָ Ez 3:9; מִצְחוֹ Ex 28:38 + 4 times; מִצְחָם Ez 3:8; pl. cstr. מִצְחוֹת Ez 9:4;—brow, forehead, struck by stone from David’s sling 1 S 17:49(×2); Aaron’s forehead Ex 28:38(×2); place where leprosy appears 2 Ch 26:19, 20; place for a distinguishing mark or cross Ez 9:4; חִזְקֵי־מ׳ 3:7 the house of Isr. are stout of forehead (i. e. obstinate; ‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב), cf. v 8; so מִצְחֲךָ נְחוּשָׁה Is 48:4 thy brow (is) brass (‖ גִּיד בַּרְזֶל עָרְפֶּ֑ךָ); also of boldness, firmness of prophet v 8, and v 9 (but del. 𝔊 Co); מ׳ אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה הָיָה לָךְ Je 3:3, i. e. thou wast shameless (‖ מֵאַנְתְּ הִכָּלֵם).

† גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת n.f. skull, head, poll (person) (BaNB 205; Aramaic גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא, Arabic جُمْجُمَة )—abs. ג׳ 2 K 9:35 + 3 times; sf. גֻּלְגָּלְתּוֹ Ju 9:53 1 Ch 10:10; pl. sf. גֻּלְגְּלֹתָם Nu 1:2 + 5 times;— 1. skull, as broken by a stone Ju 9:53; as severed from body 2 K 9:35 1 Ch 10:10. 2. head, poll (in counting, taxing, etc.; only P and late) עֹמֶר לַגּ׳ Ex 16:16 an omer for every man; cf. 38:26 Nu 1:2, 18, 20, 22; 3:47 1 Ch 23:3, 24.

δάκτῠλος, ὁ, poetry plural δάκτυλα Refs 4th c.BC+: -finger, ἐπὶ δακτύλων συμβάλλεσθαι τοὺς μῆνας to reckon on the fingers, Refs 5th c.BC+the thumb, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 οἱ δ. τῶν ποδῶν the toes, Refs 5th c.BC+; and, without ποδός, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ μέσος δ. of a monkey, Refs; ὁ μείζων δ. the great toe, Refs 1st c.AD+. b. of the toes of beasts, Refs 4th c.BC+; of birds, Refs __II a measure of length, finger's breadth, = about 7/10 of an inch, Refs 7th c.BC+: Astron., digit, i.e. twelfth part of the sun's or moon's apparent diameter, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III metrical foot, dactyl, -?~X ?~X, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. κατ᾽ ἵαμβον, diiambus, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 δάκτυλοι, οἱ, a dance, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV date, fruit of the φοῖνιξ, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.2 kind of grape, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV.3 ={ἄγρωστις}, Refs 1st c.AD+ __V Δάκτυλοι Ἰδαῖοι mythical wizards and craftsmen in Crete (or Phrygia, Refs 1st c.BC+, attached to the cult of Rhea Cybele, Refs 8th c.BC+ __V.2 δ. Ἰδαῖοι, ={γλυκυσίδη}, Refs 1st c.AD+ __V.2.b fossil found in Crete, Refs 1st c.AD+ __VI δ. θεοῦ the hand of God, LXX+NT compare Boeotian dialect δακκύλιος Refs; δατ- = d[ngnull]t, cf. Sanskrit a-datkas 'toothless'.)

μέτωπ-ον, τό, also μέτωπ-ος, ὴ, Refs: (μετά, ὤψ):—properly the space between the eyes Refs 4th c.BC+, brow, forehead, ὁ δὲ προσιόντα [ἤλασεν] μέτωπον ῥινὸς ὑπὲρ πυμάτης Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλάσας τὸ μ. Refs 5th c.BC+; mostly of men, but of a horse in Refs 8th c.BC+; of a boar, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a dog, Refs: in plural, of a single person, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, γαίας μ., of Etna, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II front, face of anything, as a wall or building, Refs 5th c.BC+ stades on each face, Refs; τὰ μ. τῶν κλιμακτήρων vertical faces of the steps, Refs; wall extending inwards between two doors, Refs; front or front-line of an army, fleet, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰς μ. στῆναι to stand in line, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν μετώπῳ καθιστάναι, παρατάξασθαι,Refs __II.2 margin of a book, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III ={χαλβάνη}, or the reed or wood which yields it, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 variant for{νέτωπον} (which see).

σάρκ-ῐνος, η, ον, of or like flesh, fleshy, σ. ὄζος (see. ὄζος) σ. [μέρη] fleshy parts, such as the gums, Refs 4th c.BC+; made of flesh (and blood), Refs; ἄνθρωποι θνατοὶ καὶ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+; σ. ἰχθῦς (opposed to a dream) Refs 3rd c.BC+; τοῖς τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ σ. καὶ ὠφέλιμον [ἔχουσι τῶν λόγων] substantial, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 made of gut, σχοινία Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 fleshly, of the flesh, Ep. Hebrew NT __II fleshy, corpulent, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III σάρκινος ἤτοι γυργαθός, perhaps ={σαργάνη}Refs

† [חֹ֫פֶן] n.[m.] hollow of hand (NH חוֹפֶן, Aramaic חָפְנִי, חוּפְנָא, ܚܽܘܦܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ሕፍን: —also Arabic حُفْنَةٌ hollow in the ground; and, according to Zehnpfund BAS i, 635, Assyrian ḫupunnu, bowl, but ḫ = ح ?)—only du. חָפְנַיִם Ec 4:6; cstr. חָפְנֵי Ez 10:7 (del. Co intern. grounds); sf. חָפְנֶיךָ Ez 10:2; חָפְנָיו Lv 16:12 Pr 30:4; חָפְנֵיכֶם Ex 9:8; מַלֵּא ח׳ Ez 10:2 + v 7 (del. Co cf. supr.);—מְלֹא ח׳ = handful Ex 9:8 Lv 16:12 (both P), Ec 4:6, material follows in implic. acc.; מי־אסף רוח בח׳ Pr 30:4.

† [שָׁתַן] vb. Hiph. urinate (secondary √ from above);—Pt. מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר (i.e. a male person) 1 S 25:22, 34; 1 K 14:10; 16:11; 21:21; 2 K 9:8 (all of exterminating a family).

κρᾱνίον, τό, (κάρα) upper part of the head, skull (κεφαλῆς τὸ τριχωτὸν μέρος Refs 4th c.BC+; of horses, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι Refs 8th c.BC+; of men, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, head, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II headache, Refs

σάρκ-ῐνος, η, ον, of or like flesh, fleshy, σ. ὄζος (see. ὄζος) σ. [μέρη] fleshy parts, such as the gums, Refs 4th c.BC+; made of flesh (and blood), Refs; ἄνθρωποι θνατοὶ καὶ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+; σ. ἰχθῦς (opposed to a dream) Refs 3rd c.BC+; τοῖς τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ σ. καὶ ὠφέλιμον [ἔχουσι τῶν λόγων] substantial, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 made of gut, σχοινία Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 fleshly, of the flesh, Ep. Hebrew NT __II fleshy, corpulent, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III σάρκινος ἤτοι γυργαθός, perhaps ={σαργάνη}Refs

† [קֹ֫מֶץ] n.[m.] closed hand, fist;—sf. מְלֹא קֻמְצוֹ his fist-full Lv 2:2; 5:12; take up בְּק׳ 6:8 in his fist (all P); pl. לִקְמָצִים Gn 41:47 the earth yielded by handfuls (i.e. abundantly; E, according to most; P, Ball Holz, who questions text).

† בְּשַׂר n.m. flesh (𝔗 בְּסַר, Syriac ܒܣܰܪ; BH בָּשָׂר √ בשׂר);—abs. ב׳ Dn 7:5 flesh (as devoured by beast); emph. בִּשְׂרָא 2:11 flesh = mankind, כָּל־ב׳ 4:9 = all creatures.

ἀφεδρών, ῶνος, ὁ, (ἕδρα) privy, NT

ἀφρ-ίζω, ={ἀφρέω}, foam, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a wine-cup, Refs 4th c.BC+

κρέας, τό, Doric dialect κρῆς (which see), Epic dialect κρεῖας uncertain conjecture in Refs 6th c.BC+; Cretan dialect Refs, etc.; genitive Refs 8th c.BC+, +others, κρεάων [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+, κρέεσσι Oracle texts cited in Refs 8th c.BC+ (assuming variant).]:—flesh, meat, Refs 8th c.BC+ piece of lamb, Refs 6th c.BC+ (anapaest meter): plural, mostly in collective sense, dressed meat, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. ἀνάβραστα, ὠπτημένα, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. Ἀθηναίοις μερίζειν, νέμειν τῷ δήμῳ, Refs __2 carcass: hence, body, person, τοῦδε τοῦ κρέως (i.e. ἐμοῦ) S. [prev. cited] (satyric): in Comedy texts addresses, like{κάρα}, ὦ δεξιώτατον κρέας Refs 6th c.BC+, see Scholia (κρεϝας, cf. Sanskrit krauís 'raw meat', Latin cruor.)

σῐᾱγών, Ionic dialect σῐηγών, όνος, ἡ, jaw-bone, jaw, LXX+5th c.BC+; of an ox, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a camel, probably in Refs 2nd c.AD+; κινεῖται δὲ τοῖς.. ζῴοις ἅπασιν ἡ κάτωθεν σ., κτλ., Refs 4th c.BC+; cheek, NT+3rd c.BC+:—written συαγών, Refs 2nd c.AD+; also σεαγών, Refs 2nd c.AD+

σωμᾰτ-ικός, ή, όν, of or for the body, bodily, opposed to ψυχικός, ἔργα Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ σ. ἡδέαRefs 2nd c.BC+; ἐργασίαι Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἀσθένεια Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 bodily, corporeal, opposed to ἀσώματος, Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. ἐποίησαν τὰ δώδεκα ζῴδια κατὰ τὰ μέλη τοῦ ἀνθρώπου gave somatic application Refs to.. , Rhetor.in Refs: comparative -ώτερος Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative σωμᾰτ-ώτατος Refs adverb -κῶς corporeally, NT+1st c.AD+, opposed to 'in aspect', Refs 2nd c.AD+: comparative -ώτερονRefs 2nd c.AD+ __3 forming a corpus, αἱ σποράδην καὶ οὐ σ. ζητήσεις Refs 3rd c.AD+

† אֶגְרֹף n.[m.] fist (𝔊 πνγμή, so 𝔙; but 𝔗 club, staff(?), & so SS, cf. especially Ex 21:18;—NH אֶגְרוֹף)—וִהִכָּה אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹ֑ף Ex 21:18; (cstr.) לְהַכּוֹת בְּאֶגְרֹף רֶ֑שַׁע Is 58:4.

† אֶשְׁפָּר 2 S 6:19 = 1 Ch 16:3; 𝔊 2 S 6:19 Aq Symm cake or roll; other Verss. ancient & mod. have various conjectures, but actual etym. & meaning unknown; v. LagGGA 1884, No. 7, 262 = M i. 214 DrSm.

† טֻחוֹת n.f.pl. inward parts (as covered over, concealed)—טֻחוֹת of seat of faithfulness, אֱמֶת חָפַצְתָּ בַּטּ׳ ψ 51:8 faithfulness thou desirest in the inward parts, i.e. in the heart (‖ סָתֻם); of seat of wisdom מִי שָׁת בַּטּ׳ חָכְמָה Jb 38:36 (‖ שֶׂכְוִי q.v.); from context this can hardly = heart of man (kidneys, ‘reins,’ 𝔗, Jewish interpr., v. NHWB ii, 144 al.), but is rather cloud-layers (as dark, hidden spaces, v. Di VB); their ‘wisdom’ appears in their obedience to natural law.

† [טְפַר] n.m. nail, claw (𝔗 טוּפְרָא, Syriac ܝܰܓܪܳܐ; v. BH צִפֹּ֫רֶן, √ IV. צפר);—pl. sf. of man טִפְר֫וֹהִי Dn 4:30; of beast, טפריה (K§ 53, 2. b)) 7:19, Qr טִפְרַהּ.

† נָשֶׁה n.[m.] a vein (or nerve) in the thigh (etym. dub.; on format. cf. LagBN 50; Arabic نَسًا appar. the portion of the principal vein of the leg which is in the thigh, vulg. sciatic vein, or (mod.) sciatic nerve and even sciatica, Lane 3033);—only גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה Gn 32:33 a the sinew of the thigh-vein (or thigh-nerve, אֲשֶׁר עַל־כַּף הַיָּרֵךְ cf. v 33b.—On sacredness of thigh, cf. RSSem i. 360; 2nd ed. 380 WeHeid. (2), 168.

† [שֹׁר] n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aramaic שׁוּרָא Ez 16:4 𝔗, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all id.);—sf. לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Ez 16:4 (Ges§ 22 s Kö ii. 1. 45) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Pr 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; 𝔊 τῷ σώματί σου, cf. 𝔖, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Ct 7:3 (𝔊 ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Thes al.; now often interpreted as = vulυa, cf. Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.

† III. שֵׁת n.[m.] seat (of body), buttocks (cf. NH שִׁיה, Aramaic ܫܰܬ foundation; cf. [שָׁת] p. 1011; NöM 98);—abs. שׁ׳ Is 20:4; pl. sf. שְׁתוֹתֵיהֶם 2 S 10:4.

ἱδρ-ώς (see. near the end), ῶτος, ὁ, and Aeolic dialect ἡ, Refs 7th c.BC+; dative ἱδρῶτι, accusative ἱδρῶτ; Refs 8th c.BC+; accusative ἱδρῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+: (ἶδος):— sweat, Refs 8th c.BC+; στάζειν ἱδρῶτι (see. στάζω); ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι Refs 1st c.AD+; of sweat as the sign of toil, τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱδρῶτες ξηροί, opposed to the effect of baths, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 exudation of trees, gum, resin, σμύρνης Refs 5th c.BC+; Βρομιάδος ἱδρῶτα πηγῆς, of wine, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, anything earned by the sweat of one's brow, οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα.. ἐκβαλῶ Refs 5th c.BC+

μυελός, ὁ, marrow, μυελὸς αὖτε σφονδυλίων ἔκπαλθ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; brain, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ῥαχίτης spinal cord, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 fat, χηνὸς μ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 marrow as good food, ἐπὶ γούνασι πατρὸς μυελὸν οἶον ἔδεσκε Refs 8th c.BC+, as becoming or making marrow, LXX+8th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, νεαρὸς μ. Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς ἄκρον μ. ψυχῆς marrow, inmost part, Refs 5th c.BC+; Τρινακρίας μ., of Syracuse, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __5 generally, soft, marrow-like meat, Refs 8th c.BC+: ῠ always in Attic dialect; so also in the derivation words.]

ὄσφρ-ησις, εως, ἡ, the sense of smell, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 the organ of smell, NT+4th c.BC+; αἱ ὀ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

πτύσμα, ατος, τό, sputum, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II serpent's venom, Refs 3rd c.AD+

πυγμ-ή, ἡ, (πύξ) fist, LXX+5th c.BC+ __2 boxing, as an athletic contest, πυγμῇ νικήσαντα Refs 8th c.BC+; πυγμὴν or τὴν π. ἀσκεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in Inscrr., e.g. πυγμὴν Ζωΐλος (i.e. ἐνίκησε) Refs __2.b generally, fight, π. μονομάχων καὶ θηρίων Edict.Caes. cited in Refs 1st c.AD+; εἰς π. καθίστασθαι, τρέπεσθαι, of partridges, Refs __3 in NT is interpretation diligently (variant{πυκνά}, often). __II a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles,= Refs 4th c.BC+

σύσσωμ-ος, ον, united in one body, NT

† [אֶ֫שֶׁךְ] n.[m.] testicle (Syriac ܐܶܫܟܳܐ, Ethiopic እስኪት etym. unknown) only מְרוֹחַ אָ֑שֶׁךְ Lv 21:20.

† [יֶ֫זַע] n.[m.] sweat (v. זֵעָה infr.)—לֹא יַחְגְּרוּ בַיָּ֑זַע Ez 44:18 del. Co q.v.

† [יְצֻרִים] n.m.pl. sf. וִיצֻרַי my forms, members of my body Jb 17:7.

† מִפְשָׂעָה n.f. stepping-region of body, hip or buttock; עַד־הָמּ׳ 1 Ch 19:4 (= שְׁתוֹתֵיהֶם ‖ 2 S 10:4).

† [מֻרְאָה] n.f. crop or alimentary canal, of bird, cf. Di-Ry (on form cf. LagBN 81);—וְהֵסִיר אֶת־מֻרְאָתוֹ בְּנֹצָתָהּ Lv 1:16.

† [מְרֵרָה] n.f. gall; only sf. יִשְׁפֹּךְ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Jb 16:13 he poureth on the ground my gall (‖ יְפַלַּח כִּלְיוֹתַי), fig. of God’s cruel treatment (cf. מְרֹרָה 20:25).

† [עֲטִישָׁה] n.f. sneezing;—pl. sf. עֲטִישֹׁתָיו Jb 41:10, v. I. הלל (Bi Siegf Bu Du read sg.).

† [עֲלַע] n.f. rib (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH I. צלע, צֵלָע);—pl. abs. עִלְעִין Dn 7:5.

† עָצֶה n.[m.] either spine or os sacrum, bone close to fat-tail, הֶע׳ Lv 3:9.

II. [רַ֫הַט] n.[m.] dub., Thes and most lock of hair (? from flowing down);—pl. רְהָטִים Ct 7:6.

† שָׁפְכָה n.f. male organ (as fluid-duct);—abs. כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Dt 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה).

† [שֹׁר] n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aramaic שׁוּרָא Ez 16:4 𝔗, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all id.);—sf. לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Ez 16:4 (Ges§ 22 s Kö ii. 1. 45) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Pr 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; 𝔊 τῷ σώματί σου, cf. 𝔖, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Ct 7:3 (𝔊 ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Thes al.; now often interpreted as = vulυa, cf. Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.

† תַּלְתַּלִּים n.f. (?) pl. as fig. of woman’s locks, meaning dub.: קְוֻצּוֹתָיו ת׳ שְׁחֹרוֹת כָּעוֹרֵב Ct 5:11; Thes (from above √) waving palm-branches, 𝔊 ἐλάται; NH once, fig., LevyNHWB iv. 649 high hills cf. JastrDict. 1674 heaps, piles; but MagnusHohes Lied and JacobStud. Arab. Dichter iv. 21 envelope or sheath of spadix of date-palm (with which hair often cp. in Arabic poetry JacobIb. iii. 46f, cf. Arabic تَلْتَلَةٌ drinking vessel made of this envelope Lane); so perhaps Assyrian taltallu DlHWB 708.