H8584 H8584
testimony, attestation, prophetic injunction or fixed usage
This noun carries the weight of authoritative witness and binding instruction. In Isaiah, it appears paired with 'torah' (teaching), designating the prophet's testimony that must be sealed and preserved among disciples. The word conveys not merely verbal witness but solemn attestation with legal force. In Ruth 4:7, it describes the customary practice of sandal-exchange that validated property transactions in ancient Israel. The term bridges personal testimony and established tradition, marking both prophetic word and communal custom as binding witnesses.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The multilingual evidence shows consistent translation as 'testimony' or 'témoignage,' with some versions preserving the Hebrew transliteration to honor its technical weight. Isaiah's usage pairs it with torah, suggesting testimony carries prophetic authority. Ruth's usage indicates legally recognized custom. The word thus encompasses both divine witness delivered through prophets and human attestation embedded in communal practice—two forms of binding testimony in covenant community. 3×
AR["الشَّهَادَةَ", "الشَّهَادَةُ", "وَ-إِلَى-الشَّهَادَةِ"]·ben["এবং-সাক্ষ্যের-কাছে", "সাক্ষ্য", "সেই-সাক্ষ্য"]·DE["[התעודה]", "[ולתעודה]", "[תעודה]"]·EN["and-to-testimony", "testimony", "the-testimony"]·FR["[ולתעודה]", "[תעודה]", "le-témoignage"]·heb["ה-תעודה", "ו-ל-תעודה", "תעודה"]·HI["और-गवाही-की-ओर", "गवाही"]·ID["dan-kepada-kesaksian", "kesaksian"]·IT["[ולתעודה]", "[תעודה]", "il-testimonianza"]·jav["kang-paseksi", "lan-dhateng-paseksen", "paseksen"]·KO["그-증거였다", "증거-에게", "증거를"]·PT["a-atestação", "e-para-testemunho", "testemunho"]·RU["и-к-свидетельству", "свидетельство"]·ES["el-testimonio", "y-al-testimonio"]·SW["na-kwa-ushahidi", "ushahidi", "ushuhuda"]·TR["-tanıklık", "taniklik", "ve-tanikliga"]·urd["اور-گواہی-کے-لیے", "گواہی"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תְּעוּדָה n.f. testimony, attestation;— 1. testimony, prophet. injunction, ‖ תּוֹרָה Is 8:16, 20. 2. attestation, Ru 4:7 (> fixed usage BuhlLex).