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H8581 H8581
V-Nifal-Perf-3ms  |  22× in 4 senses
To abhor, detest, act abominably, or be abhorred; expressing deep ritual, moral, and emotional revulsion
A verb of intense revulsion that spans ritual purity, moral judgment, and emotional loathing. In its Piel form it expresses active abhorrence — Job's garments would 'abhor' him (Job 9:31), and Israel is commanded not to abhor the Edomite or the Egyptian (Deut 23:7). The Hifil shifts from feeling to doing: 'they have done abominable deeds' (Ps 14:1). The Nifal passive gives us one of Isaiah's most striking images — the fallen king of Babylon as 'an abhorred branch' (Isa 14:19). Spanish captures the dual register well, using 'abominar' for ritual contexts and 'aborrecer' for emotional ones.

Senses
1. Piel: to abhor, detest The dominant Piel active sense conveys visceral emotional revulsion directed at a person or thing. Deuteronomy 7:26 uses the emphatic infinitive absolute (תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ) — 'you shall utterly abhor it' — for idols brought into the home. Job 9:31 gives a vivid image: even if Job washed himself clean, his own garments would 'abhor' him. The range of Spanish glosses — 'abomina,' 'aborrecen,' 'abominan' — reflects how translators oscillate between ritual and emotional registers for this intense word. 14×
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Loathing Abhorrence
AR["الْمُكْرِهِينَ", "تَكرَهُ", "تَكْرَهُهُ", "تَكْرَهْ", "لِـ-مَمْقُوتِ", "وَ-أَكْرَهْتُ", "وَ-كَرِهَ", "وَتَكْرَهُني", "وَكَرَاهِيَةً", "يَكرَهونَنِي", "يَكْرَهونَ", "يَكْرَهُ", "يَكْرَهُنِي"]·ben["-ঘৃণিতকে", "এবং-ঘৃণ্য-মনে-করে", "এবং-তিনি-ঘৃণা-করলেন", "ও-আমি-ঘৃণা-করি", "ও-ঘৃণা-করবে-আমাকে", "ঘৃণা-করত", "ঘৃণা-করবে", "ঘৃণা-করে-আমাকে", "ঘৃণা-করেছে-আমাকে", "ঘৃণা-করেন", "তারা-ঘৃণা-করে", "তুমি-ঘৃণ্য-মনে-করবে-একে", "যারা-ঘৃণা-করে"]·DE["[המתעבים]", "[ותעבוני]", "[יתעבו]", "[למתעב]", "[תעבוני]", "abhorred", "abhors", "du-soll-utterly-verabscheuen-es", "du-soll-verabscheuen", "und-er-abhorred", "und-ich-abhor", "und-utterly-abhorring"]·EN["abhor-me", "abhorred", "abhors", "and-He-abhorred", "and-I-abhor", "and-abhor-me", "and-utterly-abhorring", "the-ones-abhorring", "they-abhor", "they-abhor-me", "to-abhorred-of", "you-shall-abhor", "you-shall-utterly-abhor-it"]·FR["[למתעב]", "abominer", "avoir-en-abomination", "avoir-en-horreur-moi", "et-abominer", "et-avoir-en-horreur", "et-entièrement-abhorring", "tu-devra-abhor", "tu-devra-entièrement-abhor-cela"]·heb["ה-מתעבים", "ו-אתעבה", "ו-יתעב", "ו-תעב", "ו-תתעבוני", "יתעב", "יתעבוּ", "ל-מתעב", "תעבוני", "תתעב", "תתעבנו"]·HI["और-उसने-घृणा-की", "और-घृणा-करता-हूँ", "और-घृणा-करेंगे-मुझे", "और-घृणित-मानते-हुए", "घृणा-करता-है", "घृणा-करती-थी", "घृणा-करते-हैं-मुझसे", "घृणा-करने-वालो", "घृणा-करेगा", "घृणित-किए-गए", "घृणित-मानेगा-उसे", "तुच्छ-जानते-हैं।", "मुझसे-घृणा-करते-हैं"]·ID["Mereka membenci aku", "dan-Ia-jijik", "dan-aku-menjijikkan", "dan-dengan-sungguh-sungguh", "dan-menjijikkanku", "dibenci-oleh", "kamu-membenci", "kamu-menganggap-keji-nya", "kepada-yang-dijijikkan", "menjijikkan", "menjijikkanku", "mereka-jijiki", "yang-membenci"]·IT["[המתעבים]", "[יתעבו]", "[למתעב]", "aborri'", "aborrire-mio", "e-aborri'", "e-aborrire", "e-utterly-abhorring", "tu-dovra-abhor", "tu-dovra-utterly-abhor-esso"]·jav["Piyambak-ipun-geg", "dhateng-ingkang-kasengit", "dipun-jijiki", "dipunjijiki", "dipunsengiti", "lan-Panjenenganipun-gething", "lan-geg-kaliyan-kawula", "lan-kula-jijik", "lan-nistha", "ngremehaken", "panjenengan-nistha-piyambakipun", "para-tiyang-gegè", "sami-jijik"]·KO["가증히-여기라-그것을", "거짓-을", "그-싫어하는-자들아", "그들이-나를-혐오하며", "그리고-가증히-여기기를", "그리고-싫어하셨도다", "그리고-역겼게-여기리라-나를", "미워하리라", "민족에게-혐오받는-자에게", "부끄러워하나니", "싫어하였으니", "역겨워하시니", "역겨워하였도다"]·PT["Abominam-me", "Me-abominam", "abomina", "abominam", "abominarás", "abominarás-a", "abominava", "ao-abominado-de", "e-abominar", "e-abomino", "e-abominou", "e-me-abominarão", "os-que-abominam"]·RU["гнушается", "гнушайся", "гнушайся-им", "гнушаются", "гнушаются-меня", "гнушаются-мною", "гнушающиеся", "и-возгнушался", "и-возгнушаются-мною", "и-гнушаюсь", "и-гнушаясь", "отвергаемому"]·ES["Me-abominan", "Me-aborrecen", "abomina", "abominan", "abominarás", "aborrecía", "al-aborrecido-de", "la-abominarás", "los-que-aborrecen", "y-abominar", "y-aborreció", "y-aborrecí", "y-me-abominarán"]·SW["humchukia", "ichukie", "kwa-aliyechukiwa", "na-akachukia", "na-ichukie", "na-kuchukizwa", "na-zitanichukia", "utamchukia", "wanachukia", "wanachukizwa-naye", "wananichukia", "wanaochukia", "zilichukia"]·TR["Tiksiniyorlar-benden", "iğreneceksin", "iğreneceksin-ondan", "tiksindirenlerı-o", "tiksinilen-", "tiksinir", "tiksinir-benden", "tiksinirdi", "tiksinirler", "ve-iğrenmek-için", "ve-tikindim", "ve-tiksinecek-benden", "ve-tiksintti"]·urd["اور-اُس-نے-گھن-کیا", "اور-غلیظ-سمجھنا", "اور-گھن-آئی", "اور-گھناؤں-گے-مجھے", "تُو-نفرت-کرے", "غلیظ-سمجھ-اسے", "نفرت کرتے ہیں", "نفرت کرتے ہیں-مجھ-سے", "نفرت-کرتا-ہے", "نفرت-کرتی-تھی", "نفرت-کرنے-والو", "نفرت-کیے-گئے-کو", "کراہت-کرتے-ہیں"]
2. Hifil: to act abominably The Hifil causative shifts the focus from the internal feeling of disgust to the external performance of abominable acts. Psalm 14:1 (= 53:1) declares that fools 'have done abominable deeds,' and 1 Kings 21:26 describes Ahab acting 'very abominably' in pursuing idols. Ezekiel 16:52 tells Jerusalem that her abominations exceeded those of her sisters. Spanish 'hizo abominación' and 'hicieron abominable' confirm the behavioral emphasis — this is about committing detestable acts, not merely feeling revulsion.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Loathing Abhorrence
AR["أَرْجَسْتِ", "رَجُسُوا", "وَ-أَرْجَسُوا", "وَ-رَجُسَ"]·ben["এবং-সে-ঘৃণা-করল", "ও-ঘৃণ্য-করেছে", "ঘৃণ্য-হয়েছিলে", "তারা-ঘৃণ্য-করেছে"]·DE["[התעבת]", "sie-tun-abominable", "und-er-handelte-abominably", "und-haben-getan-abominable"]·EN["and-have-done-abominable", "and-he-acted-abominably", "they-do-abominable", "you-acted-more-abominably"]·FR["avoir-en-abomination", "et-il-agit-abominably", "et-le-abominer", "le-abominer"]·heb["התעבת", "התעיבו", "ו-התעיב", "ו-התעיבו"]·HI["और-घृणित-किया", "और-घृणित-किया-है", "घृणित-काम-किए-तूने", "वे-घृणित-करते-हैं"]·ID["dan-dia-bertindak-keji", "engkau-berbuat-lebih-keji", "mereka-berbuat-keji"]·IT["[התעבת]", "aborri'", "e-aborri'", "e-egli-agì-abominevolmente"]·jav["jijik", "lan-piyambakipun-tumindak-nistha-sanget", "panjenengan-nindakaken-langkung-jijik"]·KO["그리고-역겨웠다", "그리고-혐오스럽게-행하였도다", "네가-더-가증하게-했다", "역겨웠도다"]·PT["e-fizeram-abominação", "praticaram-abominações", "te-fizeste-mais-abominavel", "¶ E-fez-abominação"]·RU["и-мерзости-совершили", "и-поступал-мерзко", "мерзкими-стали", "мерзость-совершала"]·ES["E-hizo-abominación", "e-hicieron-abominable", "hicieron-abominable", "te-hiciste-abominable"]·SW["na-alifanya-chukizo", "na-wamefanya-machukizo", "ulifanya-machukizo", "wamefanya-machukizo"]·TR["iğrenç-ettin", "iğrenç-yaptılar", "ve-iğrenç-davrandı", "ve-iğrenç-yaptılar"]·urd["اور-نفرت-انگیز-ہوا", "اُنہوں-نے-مکروہ-کیے", "تُو-نے-مکروہ-کیا", "وَ-گَھِناؤنا-کِیا"]
3. Nifal: to be abhorred The Nifal passive or stative sense describes the condition of being abhorred or found detestable. Isaiah 14:19 calls the king of Babylon 'an abhorred branch' (נֵצֶר נִתְעָב) — cast out of his grave like a loathed offshoot. Job 15:16 pairs it with 'corrupt' (נֶאֱלָח) to describe the human condition. In 1 Chronicles 21:6, David's census command 'was abhorrent' to Joab. French 'avoir en horreur' captures the resulting state of being held in horror by others.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Hatred and Hostility
AR["مَكْرُوهًا", "مَكْرُوهٌ", "مَكْرُوهٍ"]·ben["ঘৃণিত", "ঘৃণিত-ছিল"]·DE["[נתעב]"]·EN["abhorred", "abominable", "was-abhorrent"]·FR["[נתעב]", "avoir-en-horreur"]·heb["נתעב"]·HI["घृणित", "घृणित-था"]·ID["menjijikkan", "yang-dibenci"]·IT["[נתעב]", "aborrire"]·jav["dipun-gething", "ingkang-nistha", "nistha"]·KO["가증스럽고", "역겨운", "역겨웠다"]·PT["abominado", "detestável", "era-abominável"]·RU["омерзительно-было", "омерзительный", "отвратительная"]·ES["abominable", "fue-abominable"]·SW["anayechukiza", "ilikuwa-chukizo", "linalochukiza"]·TR["igrenc", "iğrençti", "tiksinç"]·urd["بُری-لگی", "مکروہ", "گھناؤنا"]
4. Piel: to make abhorrent A single Piel occurrence in Ezekiel 16:25 with a causative nuance: Jerusalem 'made abominable' her beauty by offering herself to every passerby. This is not self-loathing but the act of rendering something previously beautiful into something repulsive to others. Spanish 'abominaste' treats it as a reflexive action — you made your own beauty an abomination — highlighting the tragic self-degradation that distinguishes this from the outward-directed disgust of Sense 1.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Loathing Abhorrence
AR["وَكَرَّهْتِ"]·ben["আর-ঘৃণ্য-করলে"]·DE["[ותתעבי]"]·EN["and-you-made-abominable"]·FR["et-avoir-en-abomination"]·heb["ו-תתעבי"]·HI["और-घृणित-बनाया-तूने"]·ID["dan-engkau-menjijikkan"]·IT["[ותתעבי]"]·jav["lan-panjenengan-ndadosaken-jijik"]·KO["그리고-너는-가증하게-하였다"]·PT["e-fizeste-abominavel"]·RU["и-делала-мерзкой"]·ES["y-abominaste"]·SW["na-ukauchukiza"]·TR["ve-iğrenç-ettin"]·urd["اور-تُو-نے-نفرت-انگیز-بنایا"]

Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [תָּעַב] vb. denom. Niph. Pi.: Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִתְעַב 1 Ch 21:6; Pt. נִתְעָב Is 14:19; Jb 15:16;—be abhorred: 1. ritual sense: נֵצֶר נִתְעָב Is 14:19 an abhorred (rejected) branch (נֵץ vulture, the unclean scavenger bird); נִתְעָב וְנֶאֱלָ֑ח Jb 15:16 abhorred and corrupt, from disease (נאלח elsewhere †ψ 14:3 = 53:4 ‖ התעיב). 2. ethically: David’s census, according to 1 Ch 21:6. Pi. Pf. 3 pl.