שָׂנֵא145 H8130
To hate, detest, feel aversion toward; as participle: enemy, adversary; as passive: unloved, disfavored
A verb of visceral emotional repulsion, covering the full spectrum from personal animosity to theological abhorrence. In its most common use it describes active hatred directed at persons or practices God considers detestable (Deut 12:31, Ps 5:5). The participle frequently becomes a noun meaning 'enemy'—those who hate me, you, or God—appearing in military, legal, and psalmic contexts alike. A poignant domestic use appears in the passive participle describing the 'unloved wife' of patriarchal marriage law (Gen 29:31; Deut 21:15), where Arabic مَكْرُوهَة and Spanish aborrecida confirm the sense of emotional rejection rather than mere preference.
2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy — The Qal active participle functioning substantivally as 'hater, enemy, adversary.' This is one of Hebrew's chief words for personal enemy, appearing constantly with pronominal suffixes: שֹׂנְאַי 'those who hate me' (Exod 20:5; Ps 69:5). Korean 미워하는 자들 and Swahili wanaonichukia capture the participial-as-noun pattern naturally. In Exodus 18:21 it describes the quality leaders must possess—שֹׂנְאֵי בָצַע, 'haters of unjust gain'—showing the participle can denote moral character. 53×
AR["الْمُبْغِضُ","بِ‒مُبْغِضِيهِمْ","عَلَى‒مُبْغِضِيهِمْ","مُبغِضُ","مُبْغِضيَّ","مُبْغِضًا","مُبْغِضٌ","مُبْغِضُ","مُبْغِضُويَ","مِنْ-مُبْغِضِيَّ","مِنْ‒مُبْغِضِيهِمْ","وَ-مُبْغِضُ","يَكُنْ-كَارِهًا"]·ben["আমাকে-যারা-ঘৃণা-করে-থেকে","আমার-শত্রুরা","এবং-যে-ঘৃণা-করে","ঘৃণাকারী","তাদের-ঘৃণাকারীদের-উপর","তাদের-ঘৃণাকারীদের-প্রতি","তাদের-ঘৃণাকারীদের-মধ্যে","যারা-আমাকে-ঘৃণা-করে","যারা-ঘৃণা-করে-আমাকে","যে-ঘৃণা-করে","শত্রু"]·DE["hasste","hating","und-hasste","von-jene-hassend-mich"]·EN["against-their-haters","among-their-haters","but-he-who-hates","from-those-hating-me","hating","he-who-hates","one-hating","one-who-hates","over-their-haters","those-hating-me","those-who-hate-me"]·FR["ceux-qui-me-haïssent","de-ceux-là-haïssant-moi","et-haïr","hating","haïr","haïssant"]·heb["ב-שנא-ם","ו-שונא","מ-שונאי","שונא","שונאי","שונאי-י"]·HI["अपने बैरियों में से","अपने-बैरियों-के-साथ","अपने-बैरियों-पर","उसके-लिए","और-घृणा-करनेवाला","घृणा-करने-वाला","घृणा-करनेवाला","नफ़रत-करनेवाला","बैर-रखनेवाले-मुझसे","बैरी","बैरी-मेरे","मेरे-बैरियों-से","मेरे-शत्रु"]·ID["atas-orang-yang-membenci-mereka","dari-orang-yang-membenci-mereka","dari-yang-membenci-aku","membenci","pembenci-ku","terhadap-orang-yang-membenci-mereka","tetapi-yang-membenci","yang membenci","yang-membenci","yang-membenci-aku"]·IT["da-quelli-odiando-me","e-odiare","hating","odiare","odio'"]·jav["dhateng-para-satru-nipun","ing-para-satru-nipun","ingkang-sengit-kula","lan-tiyang-kang-sengit","saking-ingkang-sengit-kula","sengit","tiyang-ingkang-gething-kula","tiyang-ingkang-sengit","tiyang-ingkang-sengit-kawula","tiyang-kang-sengit","tiyang-sengit"]·KO["-에서-나를-미워하는-자들","그러나-미워하는-자-는","그러나-미워하는-자는","나-를-미워하는-자들-이","미워하는","미워하는-자","미워하는-자-들-이","미워하는-자가","미워하는-자는","미워하는-자들","에-그들을-미워하는-자들","에-그들을-미워하는-자들에게"]·PT["dos-que-me-odeiam","e-o-que-odeia","e-quem-odeia","nos-que-os-odiavam","o-que-odeia","odeia","odiador","odiador-de","odiando","os-que-me-odeiam","que-odeia"]·RU["а-ненавидящий","над-ненавидящими-их","ненавидит","ненавидящие-меня","ненавидящий","от-ненавидящих-меня","с-ненавидящими-их","среди-ненавидящих-их"]·ES["de-los-que-me-odian","el-que-odia","en-los-que-los-odiaban","lo-odiaba","los-que-me-aborrecen","los-que-me-odian","odiaba","odiador-de-","odiando","que-odie","sobre-los-que-los-odiaban","y-el-que-odia"]·SW["adui","anayechukia","anayemchukia","juu-ya-adui-zao","kumchukia","kutoka-kwa-wanaonichukia","kwa-adui-zao","lakini-anayechukia","mchukia","sabini","wanaonichukia","wanionichukiao"]·TR["benden-nefret-edenler","düşman","nefret-eden","nefret-edenler-","nefret-edenlere-","nefret-edenleri-","nefret-edenlerim","nefret-edenlerimden","nefret-ediyor","ve-nefret-eden"]·urd["اور-نفرت-کرنے-والا","اپنے-دشمنوں-پر","دشمن","سے-اپنے-دشمنوں","مجھ-سے-نفرت-کرنے-والے","میرے-دشمن","میرے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-سے","میرے-نفرت-کرنے-والے","نفرت کرنے والا","نفرت-کرنے-والا","نفرت-کرنے-والے-میرے"]
Gen 24:60, Exod 1:10, Exod 18:21, Exod 20:5, Exod 23:5, Lev 26:17, Deut 4:42, Deut 5:9, Deut 7:10, Deut 7:10, Deut 7:15, Deut 19:4 (+38 more)
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
1. Qal: to hate, detest — The core Qal finite sense: to feel hatred, animosity, or moral aversion toward a person, thing, or practice. Covers perfect, imperfect, imperative, and consecutive forms. The multilingual evidence is remarkably consistent—Spanish aborrezco, French haïr, German hasst, Arabic يَكْرَهُ—all converging on visceral emotional hostility. Used of both human interpersonal hatred (Gen 37:4, Esau's brothers) and God's hatred of idolatrous practices (Deut 12:31, 16:22). 60×
AR["أَبغَضتُ","أَبْغَضْتُ","أَبْغَضْتُهُ","أُبْغِضُ","تَكْرَهُهُ","تُبغِضُهَا","كَرِهْتُ","مُبْغِضُ","يَكْرَهُ","يُبْغِضُ"]·ben["আমি-ঘৃণা-করি","আমি-ঘৃণা-করি-","আমি-ঘৃণা-করেছি","ঘৃণা-করি","ঘৃণা-করে","ঘৃণা-করেন","তিনি-ঘৃণা-করেন"]·DE["[שנאה]","[שנאתי]","er-hasst","hasste"]·EN["He-hates","I-hate","I-have-hated","declares","hates"]·FR["haïr"]·heb["ישנא","שׂנאתי","שונא","שנאה","שנאתי"]·HI["घृणा-करता","घृणा-करता-हूँ","घृणा-करता-है","घृणा-करती","घृणा-करती-है","घृणा-की-है-मैंने","बैर-रखता-है","बैर-रखती-हूँ-मैं","मैं-बैर-रखता-हूँ","मैंने-घृणा-की"]·ID["Aku-benci","Aku-membenci","Dia-membenci","aku-benci","aku-membenci","dibenci","membenci","yang-dibenci"]·IT["odiare","odio'"]·jav["Ingsun-sengit","Kawula-sengit","Kula-sengit","dipunsengiti","disengiti","kula-sengit","sengit","sengit-Kawula"]·KO["그리고-역겨워하였나이다","나-가-미워한다","내-가-미워하였도다","내가-미워한다","내가-미워함이니라","두-마음-있는-자들-을","모든","미워하나이다","미워하는니라","미워하다","미워하시나이다","미워하였나이다","미워하였다-내가","미워하였돀다","미워한다","싫어한다"]·PT["Odeio","Odiei","aborreço","eu-odeio","odeia","odeio","odiando","odiei"]·RU["Ненавижу","возненавидел-я","ненавидит","ненавидящий","ненавижу","ненавижу-Я","ненавижу-я","ненавижу-я."]·ES["Aborrezco","aborrece","aborrezco","he-aborrecido","odia","odio","odié"]·SW["Ninachukia","Ninawachukia","anachukia","anamchukia","huchukia","inachukiwa","ninachukia","ninazichukia"]·TR["Nefret-ettim","nefret-eder","nefret-ederim","nefret-ediyor","nefret-ettim"]·urd["میری-جان-نفرت-کرتی-ہے","میں-ناپسند-کرتا-ہوں","میں-نفرت-کرتا-ہوں","میں-نے-نفرت-کی","نفرت-کرتا-ہوں","نفرت-کرتا-ہے","نفرت-کرتی-ہوں","نفرت-کرتی-ہے","نفرت-کی-میں-نے"]
Gen 26:27, Gen 37:4, Deut 12:31, Deut 16:22, Deut 22:13, Deut 22:16, Deut 24:3, Judg 11:7, Judg 14:16, Judg 15:2, 2 Sam 13:15, 2 Sam 13:15 (+38 more)
3. Piel ptcp: one who hates intensely — The Piel intensive participle denoting those who hate with amplified force or persistence. Distinguished from sense 2 by the intensifying Piel stem, this form appears in elevated poetry and theophanic contexts: Moses' battle cry 'let those who hate you flee' (Num 10:35), the Song of Moses (Deut 32:41), and David's thanksgiving (2 Sam 22:41). Arabic المُبْغِضِين (Form IV intensive) and Spanish los que lo odian both capture the heightened enmity. 15×
AR["مُبغِضي","مُبغِضِي","مُبْغِضوهُ","مُبْغِضُو","مُبْغِضُوكَ","مُبْغِضِيَّ","وَلِمُبْغِضِيَّ","وَمُبْغِضونا","وَمُبْغِضينا","وَمُبْغِضُوكَ","وَمُبْغِضِيهِ","وَمُبْغِضِيَّ","وَمِنْ-مُبْغِضِيَّ"]·ben["আমার-শত্রুর","এবং-আমার-ঘৃণাকারীদের-কে","এবং-তার-ঘৃণাকারীদের","এবং-যারা-আমাকে-ঘৃণা-করে","এবং-যারা-ঘৃণা-করে-তাকে","এবং-যারা-তোমাকে-ঘৃণা-করে","ও-ঘৃণাকারীদের-আমাদের","ও-ঘৃণাকারীরা-আমাদের","ঘৃণাকারী-আমার","তোমার-ঘৃণাকারীরা","যারা-আমাকে-ঘৃণা-করে","যারা-ঘৃণা-করে","যারা-তাঁকে-ঘৃণা-করে"]·DE["dein-haters","hasste","jene-hassend-mich","und-hasste","und-jene-hating-ihn","und-von-hasste","und-zu-jene-der-hassen-mich"]·EN["and-from-those-hating-me","and-those-hating-him","and-those-hating-me","and-those-hating-us","and-those-who-hate-him","and-those-who-hate-you","and-to-those-who-hate-me","one-hating-me","the-one-hating-me","those-hating-me","those-who-hate","those-who-hate-Him","who-hate-me","your-haters"]·FR["ceux-là-haïssant-moi","de-ceux-qui-me-haïssent","de-haïr","et-ces-haïssant-lui","et-de-ceux-qui-me-haïssent","et-de-haïr","et-à-ces-qui-hate-moi","haïr-moi","ton-haters"]·heb["ו-ל-משנאי","ו-מ-שונאי","ו-משנאי","ו-משנאיו","ו-משנאיך","ו-משנאינ-ו","משנאי","משנאי-","משנאיו","משנאיך"]·HI["और-उसके-बैरियों-की","और-उसे-घृणा-करने-वालों-को","और-तुझसे-घृणा-करनेवाले","और-बैर-करनेवालों-हमारे","और-बैर-करनेवालों-हमारे-को","और-बैरियों-को-मेरे","और-मेरे-बैरियों-को","और-से-बैरियों-मेरे","घृणा-करनेवाले","तुझसे-बैर-रखने-वाले","नफ़रत-करनेवाले-की-मुझसे","बैर-रखनेवाले-मुझसे","मेरे-बैरियों-को"]·ID["Pembenci","dan-dari-yang-membenciku","dan-kepada-yang-membenci-Aku","dan-pembenci-Mu","dan-pembenci-pembencinya","dan-yang-membenciku","dan-yang-membencinya","orang-yang-membenci-Nya","yang membenciku","yang-membenci-Mu","yang-membenci-aku","yang-membenciku"]·IT["e-a-quelli-che-odiare-me","e-odio'","e-quelli-hating-lui","odiare-mio","odio'","quelli-odiando-me","tuo-haters"]·jav["Tiyang-ingkang-sengit-dhumateng","ingkang-sengit-kula","kang-sengit-Panjenengan","lan-dhateng-tiyang-sengit-Kawula","lan-ingkang-sengit-kita","lan-tiyang-ingkang-sengit-Panjenengan","lan-tiyang-ingkang-sengit-ipun","lan-tiyang-tiyang-sengit-piyambakipun","saha-ingkang-sengit-kula","saha-saking-ingkang-sengit-kula","saking-alun-alun","tiyang-ingkang-sengit-dhateng-Panjenengan","tiyang-ingkang-sengit-kula","tiyang-kang-sengit-kula"]·KO["그-를-미워하는-자-들-이","그리고-그-를-미워하는-자들-을","그리고-그를-미워하는-자들의","그리고-나를-미워하는-자들에게","그리고-미워하는-자들-에게서","그리고-미워하는-자들-을","그리고-우리-를-미워하는-자들-을","그리고-우리-를-미워하는-자들-이","나-를-미워하는-자-들-은","나를-미워하는-자들","나를-미워하는-자의","당신-을-미워하는-자들-이","당신을-미워하는자들","미워하는-자-가","미워하는-자들이"]·PT["Os-que-odeiam","aborrecedores-Teus","e-aos-que-me-odeiam","e-aos-que-o-odeiam","e-dos-que-me-odeiam","e-os-que-me-odeiam","e-os-que-nos-odeiam","e-os-que-o-odeiam","e-os-que-te-odeiam","meu-odiador","o-que-me-odeia","os-que-me-odeiam","os-que-o-odeiam"]·RU["и-ненавидящие-нас","и-ненавидящим-Меня","и-ненавидящих-его","и-ненавидящих-меня","и-ненавидящих-нас","и-ненавистники-Твои","и-от-ненавидящих-меня","ненавидящие","ненавидящие-Его","ненавидящие-Тебя","ненавидящие-меня","ненавидящий-меня","ненавидящих-меня","ненавистника-моего"]·ES["Los-que-odian-a","el-que-me-odia","los-que-lo-odian","los-que-me-odian","mi-enemigo","tus-aborrecedores","y-a-los-que-lo-odian","y-a-los-que-me-aborrecen","y-a-los-que-me-odian","y-a-los-que-nos-aborrecen","y-de-los-que-lo-aborrecen","y-de-los-que-me-odian","y-los-que-nos-aborrecen","y-los-que-te-odian"]·SW["Wachukiao","anayenichukia","na-kutoka-wanaonichukia","na-kwa-wanaonichukia","na-wanaokuchukia","na-wanaomchukia","na-wanaonichukia","na-wanaotuchukia","wa-anayenichukia","wamchukiao","wanaokuchukia","wanaonichukia"]·TR["nefret-eden","nefret-edenin-benden","nefret-edenler","nefret-edenler-","nefret-edenler-benden","nefret-edenlerimi","senden-nefret-edenler","ve-nefret-edenlerden","ve-nefret-edenlere","ve-nefret-edenleri","ve-nefret-edenlerimi","ve-nefret-edenlerimiz","ve-nefret-edenlerimizi","ve-nefret-edenlerin","ve-senden-nefret-edenler"]·urd["اور-اس-کے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کی","اور-اُس-سے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کو","اور-تجھ-سے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-نے","اور-میرے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-سے","اور-میرے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کو","اور-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کو-میرے","اور-ہمارے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-نے","اور-ہمارے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کو","اُس-سے-نفرت-کرنے-والے","اپنے دشمن کی","تیرے-نفرت-کرنے-والے","میرے-نفرت-کرنے-والوں-کی","نفرت-کرنے-والے","نفرت-کرنے-والے-میرے","نَفرَت-کَرنے-والا-میرا"]
Num 10:35, Deut 32:41, Deut 33:11, 2 Sam 22:41, Job 31:29, Ps 18:17, Ps 18:40, Ps 44:7, Ps 44:10, Ps 55:12, Ps 68:1, Ps 81:15 (+3 more)
4. Qal pass. ptcp: hated, unloved — The Qal passive participle describing the state of being hated or unloved, used adjectivally. Its most memorable context is the 'unloved wife' in patriarchal marriage law (Gen 29:31, 33; Deut 21:15-16), where Leah is שְׂנוּאָה—not necessarily despised but emotionally disfavored compared to Rachel. Spanish aborrecida and Arabic مَكْرُوهَة confirm the passive-stative reading. Proverbs 30:23 extends it to a hated woman who marries, signaling social disruption. 10×
AR["الْمَبْغُوضِينَ","الْمَكْرُوهَةِ","مَكْروهَةٍ","مَكْرُوهَةٌ","وَ-مَكْرُوهَةً","وَالْمَكْرُوهَةُ"]·ben["(ঘৃণিত)","-এবং-ঘৃণিতা","[ঘৃণিত]","এবং-সেই-ঘৃণিতা","ঘৃণিতা","ঘৃণিতার","সেই-ঘৃণিতার"]·DE["[hated-of]","[ושנואה]","der-hasste","hasste","und-der-hasste","zurückgesetzt","zurückgesetzt-war"]·EN["[hated-of]","an-unloved-woman","and-hated","and-the-hated","hated","hated-of","the-hated"]·FR["[hated-of]","et-haïr","et-le-hated","hated","haïr","haïssait-de","haït","le-hated"]·heb["(שנאוי)","[שנאו]","ה-שנואה","ו-ה-שנואה","ו-שנואה","שנא","שנואה"]·HI["(घृणा)","[घृणा]","और-घृणित","घृणित","घृणित-की","घृणिता"]·ID["[dibenci]","dan-dibenci","dan-yang-dibenci","dibenci","perempuan-yang-dibenci","yang-dibenci"]·IT["[hated-of]","e-il-odio","e-odiare","il-odio","odiare","odio","odiò","odiò-di"]·jav["dipunsengiti","garwa-kang-dipunsengiti","ingkang-dipunsengiti","lan-dipunsengiti","lan-ingkang-dipunsengiti"]·KO["(미움받는-자들)","[미움받는-자들]","그리고-미움받는-자가","그리고-미움받은-자와","미움-받는-자가","미움받는","미움받는-자의","미움받는다"]·PT["(odiados-de)","[odiados]","a-odiada","e-a-odiada","e-odiada","odiada"]·RU["(ненавистных)","-нелюбимой","[кетив:ненавистных]","и-нелюбимая","и-ненавидимой","нелюбима","нелюбимая","ненавидимой"]·ES["(odiados-de)","[odiados]","aborrecida","la-aborrecida","y-aborrecida","y-la-aborrecida"]·SW["[wanaochukiwa]","aliyechukiwa","amechukiwa","anayechukiwa","na-anayechukiwa","na-uliyechukiwa","ninachukiwa","wa-anayechukiwa","wanaochukiwa"]·TR["(nefret-edilenler)","[nefret-edilenler]","nefret-edilenin","sevilmeyen","sevilmeyenin","ve-nefret-edilen","ve-sevilmeyen"]·urd["(نفرت-کرنے-والے)","[نفرت]","اور-ناپسند","اور-نفرت-کی-ہوئی","ناپسند","ناپسند-کے","نفرت-کی-گئی-کے"]
5. Qal inf: to hate, hatred — The Qal infinitive construct and absolute used either as a verbal complement ('began to hate,' Gen 37:5, 8) or nominally as the abstract concept of hatred. In Judges 15:2, שָׂנֹא שְׂנֵאתָהּ 'you utterly hated her' uses the infinitive absolute for emphatic intensification. In 2 Samuel 19:7 (Eng. 19:6) Joab accuses David of 'loving those who hate you and hating those who love you,' where the infinitive carries full nominal weight. Psalm 36:2 uses it for self-deceived hatred. 8×
AR["بُغْضًا","بُغْضُ","لِلْبُغْضِ","لِيَكرَهوا","لِيَكْرَهُ","وَ-لِ-بُغْضِ"]·ben["এবং-ঘৃণা-করতে","ঘৃণা","ঘৃণা-করতে","ঘৃণা-করতে-লাগল","ঘৃণার-"]·DE["hasste","hating","und-zu-hasse","zu-hassen","zu-hasste"]·EN["and-to-hate","hating","is-hatred-of","to-hate"]·FR["et-à-haïs","hating","haïr","à-haïr"]·heb["ו-ל-שנוא","ל-שנוא","שנא","שנאת","שנוא"]·HI["और-नफ़रत-करने-के-लिए","घृणा-करना","घृणा-करने-का","घृणा-करने-के-लिए","नफ़रत","बैर","लिए-घृणा-करने"]·ID["adalah-membenci","dan-untuk-membenci","membenci","untuk-membenci"]·IT["a-odiare","e-a-odia","hating","odiare","odio'","per-odiare"]·jav["kangge-nyengiti","kangge-sengit","kanggé-dipun-sengit","lan-supados-sengit","sengit"]·KO["그리고-미워하여","미움-이다","미워하기-위한","미워하기-위해","미워하기를","미워하는-것을","미워하도록"]·PT["e-para-odiar","odiar","para-odiar"]·RU["и-чтобы-ненавидеть","ненавидеть","ненавидеть;","чтобы-возненавидеть"]·ES["a-odiar","odiar","para-odiar","y-para-odiar"]·SW["ili-kuchukia","kumchukia","kuwachukia","na-kuwachukia","ni-kuchukia","wa-kuchukia"]·TR["nefret-etmek","nefret-etmek-icin","nefret-etmek-için","nefret-etmektir","nefret-etmeye","ve-nefret-etmek-için"]·urd["اور-نفرت-کرنے-کو","نفرت","نفرت-کا","نفرت-کرنا","نفرت-کرنے-کو","نفرت-کرنے-کے-لئے","نفرت-ہے"]
6. sense 6 — A residual pair of occurrences in Proverbs (14:17, 14:20) where the form functions within wisdom sayings about the social consequences of folly and poverty—'a man of evil devices is hated' and 'the poor is hated even by his neighbor.' These stative-passive uses in proverbial discourse describe social rejection as a natural outcome, sitting between the active hatred of sense 1 and the marital disfavor of sense 4. 2×
AR["يُبْغَضُ"]·ben["ঘৃণিত-হয়"]·DE["er-hasst"]·EN["is-hated"]·FR["haïr"]·heb["יישנא"]·HI["घृणा-किया-जाएगा","घृणा-किया-जाता-है"]·ID["dibenci"]·IT["odiare"]·jav["dipun-sengiti"]·KO["미움받는다"]·PT["será-odiado","é-odiado"]·RU["ненавидим","ненавистен"]·ES["es-odiado"]·SW["anachukiwa"]·TR["nefret-edilir"]·urd["نفرت-کیا-جاتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)H2654a 1. take pleasure in, delight in (48×)H7453 2. friend (48×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
שָׂנֵא145 vb. hate (NH id.; MI4 שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab.DenkmNo. 12, l, 9 cf. Ib.No. 7, l. 9 CISiv, No. 173, l. 6; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, id., סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );— Qal128 Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Dt 12:31 +, sf. שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 S 13:15 +; 2 ms. שָׂנֵאתָ ψ 5:6 +, sf. שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Ju 14:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂנָא Pr 13:5; 26:28, sf.…