H8424 H8424
grief, sorrow; emotional pain or heaviness of heart, often contrasted with joy in wisdom literature
This noun refers to grief or sorrow—emotional pain and heaviness. Psalm 119:28 cries out, 'My soul melts away for sorrow.' Proverbs uses it in wisdom contrasts: 'A wise son makes a glad father, but a foolish son is a grief to his mother' (10:1). Proverbs 14:13 observes that 'even in laughter the heart may ache, and the end of joy may be grief.' Proverbs 17:21 notes that 'the father of a fool has no joy' (literally, 'does not rejoice unto sorrow'). The multilingual glosses (Spanish tristeza, French chagrin) confirm this as sorrow/grief. Wisdom literature recognizes grief as joy's shadow—the pain of folly, loss, and life's disappointments. Even laughter cannot fully banish it; it lurks beneath the surface of human experience.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Grief, sorrow, or emotional pain. The psalmist's soul melts from sorrow (Ps 119:28). A foolish son brings grief to parents (Prov 10:1, 17:21). Even laughter may conceal inner grief (Prov 14:13). Wisdom literature treats grief as joy's counterpart—the inevitable accompaniment of life in a broken world. Foolish children, life's disappointments, and awareness of mortality all produce this heaviness. The term captures emotional pain that weighs down the heart, distinct from mere sadness—a deep, melting sorrow. 4×
AR["حُزْنٌ", "حُزْنُ", "لِحُزْنٍ", "مِنَ-الْغَمِّ"]·ben["-দুঃখে-", "দুঃখ", "দুঃখের-জন্য"]·DE["[לתוגה]", "[תוגה]", "[תוגת]", "von-sorrow"]·EN["for-grief", "from-sorrow", "is-grief", "is-the-sorrow-of"]·FR["de-chagrin", "à-לתוגה", "תוגה", "תוגת"]·heb["ל-תוגה", "מ-תוגה", "תוגה", "תוגת"]·HI["शोक", "शोक-के-लिए"]·ID["karena-kesedihan", "kesedihan", "untuk-kesedihan"]·IT["[מתוגה]", "per-per-grief", "è-grief", "è-il-dolore-di"]·jav["kanggé-kasusahan", "karana-kasedihan", "kasusahan", "kasusahan-saking"]·KO["근심-으로", "슬픔-이다", "슬픔이니라-그것에게"]·PT["de-tristeza", "para-tristeza", "tristeza", "tristeza-de"]·RU["к-скорби", "от-скорби", "печаль"]·ES["de-tristeza", "para-tristeza", "tristeza", "tristeza-de"]·SW["huzuni", "kwa-huzuni", "ni-huzuni", "ni-huzuni-ya"]·TR["içindir-üzgünlük", "kederden", "üzüntü", "üzüntüsü"]·urd["غم-سے", "غم-کے-لیے", "غم-ہے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תּוּגָה n.f. grief (poet.)—abs. ת׳ ψ 119:28 Pr 14:13; 17:21; cstr. תּוּגַת 10:1;—grief ψ 119:28; Pr 10:1 (opp. יְשַׂמַּח), 14:13 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), 17:21 (‖ לֹא יִשְׂמַח).