Grief and Sorrow

λῡπ-έω, (λύπη) grieve, vex, whether in body or mind, τινα Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to εὐφραίνειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὁ θώραξ] λυπεῖ distresses by its weight, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.neuter adjective, λυπεῖν μηδὲν αὑτόν Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ἐλύπει αὐτὸν ἡ χώρα πορθουμένη Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν ἐλύπησεν [αὐτό], ὥστε μή.. does no harm.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδένα λυπήσας or -ασα, as formula in epitaphs, Refs __2 absolutely, cause pain or grief, ἄγαν γε λυπεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 in historical writers, of cavalry and light troops, harass, annoy an army by constant attacks, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II passive with future middle Refs 5th c.BC+, to be grieved, distressed, λυπεῖσθαι φρένα Refs 6th c.BC+; μήτε λυπέο μήτε.. be not distressed, Refs 5th c.BC+: also with accusative of things, grieve about a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, λυπῇ.. ἐστερημένη Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, feel pain, Refs 5th c.BC+

λῡπ-η, ἡ, pain of body, opposed to ἡδονή, Refs; also, sad plight or condition, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 pain of mind, grief,Refs 4th c.BC+; τί γὰρ καλὸν ζῆν βίοτον, ὃς λύπας φέρε; Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to χαρά, Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. [עָצַב] vb. hurt, pain, grieve (NH Nithp. and in deriv.; 𝔗 עֲצַב be in pain (rare); Ethiopic ዐጸበ: be hard, difficult; LagBN 50, cf. 201 cp. Arabic غَضِبَ be angry, but dub.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲצָבוֹ 1 K 1:6 his father had not pained him (𝔊 Klo Gr עֲצָרוֹ, but v. Benz); ins. עָצַב (with other words) 2 S 13:21 𝔊 Ew Th We Kit Bu HPS; Inf. cstr. sf. לְבִלְתִּי עָצְבִּי 1 Ch 4:10 that it (רָעָה) may not pain me; Pt. pass. cstr. עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ Is 54:6 hurt in spirit (of Zion under fig. of deserted wife). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְצַב 1 S 20:34 be pained for (אֶל pers.; del. 𝔊 HPS); נֶעֱצַב 2 S 19:3 the king is in pain (is grieving) for (עַל pers.); Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָצֵב 1 S 20:3 lest he be pained; + בָּהֶם instr. Ec 10:9 shall be hurt by them (i.e. אֲבָנִים; only here of physical pain); 2 mpl. תֵּעָֽצְבוּ Gn 45:5 be not grieved (+ יִחַר; sq. כִּי that ye sold me), cf. Ne 8:10, 11 (abs.) do not grieve. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. עִצְּבוּ c. acc. Is 63:10 they vexed his holy spirit (+ מָרוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. דְּבָרַי יְעַצֵּ֑בוּ ψ 56:6 my affairs they vex (Thes al.), but improb., בְּדָבָר יְע׳ with speech they vex (me). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ ψ 78:40 they used to cause him [י׳] pain. Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל־לִבּוֹ Gn 6:6 and he was vexed to his heart (of י׳; ‖ וַיִּנָּחֶם); 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַצְּבוּ Gn 34:7 (+ וַיִּחַר, sq. clause with כִּי).

† יָגוֹן n.[m.] grief, sorrow;—abs. יָגוֹן Gn 42:38 + 12 times; sf. (מִ)יגוֹנָם Je 31:13;—sorrow, Gn 42:38; 44:31 (J), ψ 13:3 Je 8:18; ‖ אֲנָחָה ψ 31:11 Is 35:10; 51:11; cf. ψ 107:39 (‖ עֹצֶר, רָעָה), 116:3 (‖ צָרָה), Je 20:18 (‖ עָמָל), 31:13 (‖ אֵבֶל, opp. שִׂמַּחְתִּים), 45:3 (‖ מַכְאֹבִי), Ez 23:33 (‖ שִׁכָּרוֹן, but Co.; שׁברון with Codd.; cf. 21:11); Est 9:22 (opp. שִׂמְחָה).

† I. [יָגָה] vb. suffer, not in Qal (cf. Arabic وَجَى castravit, وَجِىَ be abraded (of the foot); of horse, have pain in the hoof)— Niph. Pt. fpl. נוּגוֹת (on form v. Köi. 582) La 1:4 (‖ נֶאֱנָחִים, מַר) grieved, mpl. cstr. נוּגֵי (v. Köl.c.) Zp 3:18 (sq. prep., cf. Ges§ 130. 1); of virgins of Zion La 1:4; of exiles Zp 3:18. Pi. Impf. וַיַּגֶּה (for וַיְיַגֶּה, v. Köi. 582. 412) grieve, sq. acc. La 3:33 (‖ עִנָּה). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹנָה La 1:12; 3:32; sf. הוֹגָהּ La 1:5; Impf. 2 mpl. תֹּגְיוּן Jb 19:2; Pt. pl. sf. מוֹגַיִךְ Is 51:23;—cause grief or sorrow, abs. La 3:32 (opp. רִחַם); sq. acc. (Zion) La 1:5, cf. Is 51:23, also La 1:12 (obj. om., but אשׁר of grief = wherewith); sq. נַפְשִׁי Jb 19:2.—On 2 S 20:13 v. יָגָה²" dir="rtl" >II. יגה.

† [עַצֶּ֫בֶה] n.f. hurt, injury, pain;—עַצָּ֑בֶת Pr 10:10 he that winketh with the eye causeth hurt (stirs up strife, etc.); cstr. עַצְּבַת־לֵב pain of heart 15:13 (opp. לֵב שָׂמֵחַ); pl. sf. עַצְּבֹתָ֑י Jb 9:28 my pains, so rd. perhaps also 7:15 (for MT עַצְמוֹתָ֑י); עַצְּבוֹתָם ψ 16:4 (due to idolatry; > idols 𝔗 𝔙 We al.); מְחַבֵּשׁ לְע׳ 147:3 binding up their hurts.

† תּוּגָה n.f. grief (poet.)—abs. ת׳ ψ 119:28 Pr 14:13; 17:21; cstr. תּוּגַת 10:1;—grief ψ 119:28; Pr 10:1 (opp. יְשַׂמַּח), 14:13 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), 17:21 (‖ לֹא יִשְׂמַח).

στυγν-άζω, (στυγνός) to have a gloomy, lowering look, ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ NT+7th c.AD+; of threatening weather, NT

κατήφ-εια, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect κατηφ-είη, ἡ, (κατηφής) dejection (λύπη κάτω βλέπειν ποιοῦσα Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to χαρά, NT+3rd c.BC+

† אֲבוֹי interj. exclam. of pain, Oh! Pr 23:29 (‖ אוֹי woe!). Prob. akin to Syriac ܐܘܽܒܺܝܰܐ alas …! PS 53 (AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from אָבָה, cf. אֶבְיוֹן).

† [אָדַב] vb. grieve; Hiph. inf. לַאֲדִיב (= לְהַאֲדִיב Ges§ 53.3.R 7) to cause to grieve 1 S 2:33. (But Dr prop. לְ��ָדִיב from דוב q.v.)

† II. [יָגָה] vb. only Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֹגָה (Köi. 584) thrust away (Syriac ܐܰܘܓܺܝ remove, expel; Arabic وَجَا iv. repel)—כַּאֲשֶׁר הֹגָה מִן־הַמְֿסִלָּה 2 S 20:13 when he had thrust (him, the murdered Amasa) out of the highway (‖ וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־עֲמָשָׂא מִן־הַמְֿסִלָּה הַשָּׂדֶה v 12).

† [עָגַם] vb. be grieved (NH id.; Aramaic עֲגַם, and ܥܓܡ (in Lexx.) id.; cf. perhaps also Assyrian agâmu, be vexed DlHWB 16 (rare; cited under אגם));— Qal Pf. 3 fs. אִם־לֹא … עָֽגְמָה נַפְשִׁי לָאֶבְיוֹן Jb 30:25 was not my soul grieved for the poor? (‖ בָּכִיתִי).