H8213 H8213
To be low or humbled; to bring low, abase, or humble oneself before God or others
Shaphal captures the full spectrum of lowering: being brought low involuntarily, being actively humbled by another, and choosing to humble oneself. Isaiah uses the Qal stem repeatedly to announce that every proud thing will be laid low (Isa 2:9, 11, 12, 17; 5:15), while the Hifil appears in Hannah's song -- 'the LORD brings low and lifts up' (1 Sam 2:7). The reflexive dimension surfaces in Psalm 113:6, where God 'stoops down' to regard heaven and earth. Arabic safula and Aramaic shphal share the root, confirming this as a pan-Semitic concept of vertical descent in status or posture.
Senses
1. bring low, humble someone — The Hifil causative sense: to actively bring low, humble, abase, or cast down another person, nation, or entity. Appears 16 times, often with God as subject exercising sovereign authority over the proud (1 Sam 2:7, 2 Sam 22:28, Job 40:11). Spanish humilla and French abaisser both convey this active, downward-directed force. 16×
AR["أَخْفَضْتُ","أُخْفِضُ","اخْفِضْ","انْحَطُّوا","تُذِلُّ","تُذِلُّهُ","تُضَعْضِعُ","مُضِعٌ","مِنْ-أَنْ-تُذَلَّكَ","وَأَذِلَّهُ.","وَيُذِلُّ","يُذِلُّ","يُسَفِّلُ","يُسْفِلُهَا"]·ben["আপনি-নত-করেন","আমি-নীচু-করব","আর-তাকে-নীচু-করো","ও-নীচু-করবেন","তাকে-নিচু-করবে","তারা-নিচু-করেছে","তিনি-নামান","তোমাকে-নীচু-করার-চেয়ে","নত-করবে","নামিয়ে-দেন","নিচু-কর","নীচু-করবেন","নীচু-করেছি","নীচু-করেন","নীচু-করেন-এটাকে"]·DE["You-bringe-niedrig","[השפילו]","[והשפילהו]","[מהשפילך]","[תשפילנו]","brings-niedrig","erniedrigen","erniedrigte","und-erniedrigen"]·EN["He-brings-low","He-lays-low","I-will-humble","You-bring-low","and-bring-him-low","bring-low","brings-low","caster-down-of","have-brought-low","his-pride","lays-low","than-to-put-you-lower","they-bring-low","will-bring-him-low","you-bring-low"]·FR["Tu-apporte-bas","abaisser","apporte-bas","de-abaisser","de-מהשפילך-toi","et-abaisser","et-והשפילהו-lui","השפילו","תשפילנו"]·heb["אשפיל","השפיל","השפילו","השפל","השפלתי","ו-השפיל","ו-השפילהו","ישפיל","ישפילה","ישפילנה","מ-השפילך","משפיל","תשפיל","תשפילנו"]·HI["और-उसे-नीचा-कर","और-नीचा-करेगा","नीचा-कर","नीचा-करता","नीचा-करता-उसे","नीचा-करता-है","नीचा-करने-से-तुझे","नीचा-करनेवाला","नीचा-करूंगा","नीचा-करेगा","नीचा-करेगा-उसे","नीचा-किया","नीचा-किया-मैंने","यश्पील","वे-नीचे-किए-गए"]·ID["Aku-merendahkan","Dia-merendahkan","Dia-merendahkannya","Dia-rendahkan","Engkau-merendahkan","akan-merendahkannya","dan-Dia-merendahkan","dan-rendahkanlah","daripada-merendahkanmu","mereka-merendahkan","merendahkan","rendahkanlah","yang-merendahkan"]·IT["You-porta-low","da-than-a-put-voi-lower-tuo","e-e-bring-lui-basso-suo","e-umiliare","essi-bring-basso","porta-low","umiliare","umilio'","will-bring-lui-basso"]·jav["Ingkang-ngèdhunaken","Panjenengan-ngandhapaken","dipun-andhapaken.","dipun-asoraken","kawula-badhé-ngandhapaken","lan-andhapaken-piyambakipun.","lan-dipun-endhekaken","ngandapaken","ngandhapaken","piyambakipun-ngandhapaken","sampun-ngandhapaken","tinimbang-dipunandhapaken"]·KO["그리고-낮추라-그를","그리고-낮추시리니","낮추고","낮추리라","낮추마니","낮추시고","낮추시나이다","낮추시는-분이시라","낮추시니","낮추신다","낮추었다","낮춘다-그를","낮춰라","보다-낮추어지는-것이"]·PT["a-humilhará","abaixarás","abaixei","do-que-rebaixar-te","e-abaixará","e-humilha-o.","humilha","humilharei","humilhas","humilhou","o-humilha","se-humilham","será-humilhado"]·RU["и-унизит","и-унизь-его","когда-унизят","повергает-его","унижает","унижаешь","унижающий","унижу","унизил","унизит-его","чем-унизить-тебя"]·ES["fueron-humillados","ha-humillado","humilla","humillando","humillarás","humillaré","humillas","humillé","la-humillará","lo-humillará","que-te-humillen","y-humillará","y-humíllalo"]·SW["anamshusha","ananyenyekeza","anaushusha","anawashusha","ataishusha","kitamshushiya","kuliko-kushushwa","na-atashusha","na-umdhilishe","nimeshusha","nitayashusha","shusha","unayashusha","utawashusha","watakaposhushwa"]·TR["alcaltacagim","alcaltir-onu","alcaltti","alçalt","alçaltacaksın","alçaltan","alçalttım","alçaltılmandan-seni","alçaltır","alçaltır-onu","alçaltırsın","alçalırsa","ve-alcaltacak","ve-alçalt-onu"]·urd["اور-اُسے-نیچا-کر","اور-گرائے-گا","تُو-نیچا-کرتا-ہے","جب گرائیں","جنہیں-تُو-نیچا-کرتا-ہے","جھکائے-گی-اُسے","نیچا-کر","نیچا-کرتا-ہے","نیچا-کرنے-والا","نیچا-کیا-ہے","نیچا-کیے-جانے-سے-تجھے","پست-کرتا-ہے","پست-کروں-گا","گرائے-گا","گرائے-گا-اُسے"]
2. be low, be humbled — The Qal stative sense: to be in a low state, be brought low, or be humbled, describing the resulting condition of abasement rather than the act. Concentrated in Isaiah's oracles against pride (Isa 2:9, 11, 12, 17; 5:15), where all that is exalted shall become low. The passive sera-humillada in Spanish underscores the involuntary, decreed nature of this humbling. 10×
AR["تَنخَفِضُ","تَنْخَفِضُ","وَ-انخَفَضَ-","وَ-تَتَوَاضَعِينَ","وَ-يَنخَفِضُ","يَنْخَفِضُ","يُخْفَضُونَ"]·ben["ও-নিচু-করা-হবে","ও-নিচু-হবে","ও-নিচু-হয়-","ও-নীচু-হবে","নিচু-হবে","নীচু-হবে"]·DE["erniedrigen","und-erniedrigen"]·EN["And-you-shall-be-brought-low","and-is-humbled","and-is-humbled-","and-it-shall-be-brought-low","and-shall-be-humbled","are-brought-low","are-humbled","shall-be-brought-low","shall-be-laid-low","shall-be-made-low"]·FR["abaisser","et-abaisser"]·heb["ו-יישפל-","ו-שפל","ו-שפלת","יישפלו","שפל","תישפלנה","תשפל"]·HI["और-नीचा-हुआ-","और-नीचा-होगा","और-नीची-होगी-तू","और-नीचे-किए-जाएंगे","नीचा-होगा","नीची-होंगी","नीचे-किए-जाएंगे"]·ID["Dan-kamu-direndahkan","akan-direndahkan","dan-direndahkan","dan-direndahkan-","direndahkan"]·IT["e-umiliare","umiliare"]·jav["badhé-kaasoraken","dipunandhapaken","dipunasoraken","lan-anèp-","lan-dipunandhapaken","lan-dipunanèpaken","lan-dipunanèpaken-","lan-panjenengan-dipun-asoraken"]·KO["그리고-너는-낮아져서","낮아졌다-","낮아지고","낮아지리라","낮아질-것이다"]·PT["E-serás-humilhada","e-humilha-se","e-humilhada","e-humilhado","e-será-humilhado","será-humilhada","serão-abaixados","serão-humilhados","serão-rebaixados"]·RU["И-унизишься","и-унизился-","и-унизится","погрузится","понизятся","унижены","унизятся"]·ES["Y-serás-humillada","será-humillada","serán-abajados","serán-humillados","y-se-humilló","y-será-abatido","y-será-humillada","y-será-humillado"]·SW["Na-utashushwa","na-ameshushwa","na-atashushwa","na-kujisifu","utashushwa","vitashushwa","watashushwa","yatashushwa"]·TR["Ve-alcalacaksin","alcalacak","alcalir","alcaltilacak","ve-alcaldi-","ve-alcaltilacak"]·urd["اور-وہ-پست-ہوں-گے","اور-پست-کیا-جائے-گا","اور-پست-ہوا","اور-پست-ہوگی","نیچے-کیے-جائیں","نیچے-کیے-جائیں-گے","پست-کیا-جائے-گا","پست-ہوگا","پست-ہوں-گی"]
3. humble oneself, stoop down — The Hifil used intransitively or reflexively: to humble oneself, stoop down, or condescend voluntarily. Psalm 113:6 celebrates God who 'stoops down' (mashpili) to look upon heaven and earth -- a stunning divine self-lowering. Only 3 occurrences, but theologically potent, depicting deliberate self-abasement by choice rather than compulsion. 3×
AR["المُتَواضِع","تَوَاضَعُوا","وَ-انْحَطَطْتِ"]·ben["-এবং-তুমি-নিচে-নেমেছ","নম্র-হও","যিনি-নীচু-হন"]·DE["der-erniedrigte","erniedrigen","und-erniedrigen"]·EN["and-you-made-low","sit-low","the-One-stooping-down"]·FR["abaisser","et-abaisser","le-abaisser"]·heb["ה-משפילי","השפילו","ו-תשפילי"]·HI["और-तू-नीचे-उतरी","जो-नीचे-झुकता-है","नीचे-उतरो"]·ID["dan-engkau-merendahkan-diri","rendahkanlah-diri","yang-merendahkan-diri"]·IT["e-umiliare","umiliare","umilio'"]·jav["Rendahna","ingkang-mundhuk","lan-panjenengan-ngandhapaken"]·KO["그리고-낮추었다","낮추라","낮추어-보시는"]·PT["Humilhai-vos,","e-rebaixaste","que-se-humilha"]·RU["Снисходящий","и-унизила-ты","смиритесь"]·ES["El-que-se-humilla","humíllense","y-te-rebajaste"]·SW["anayejiangusha","jinyenyekezeni","na-ukajishusha"]·TR["alçalan","alçalın","ve-alcaltin"]·urd["اور-نیچے-اُتری","جو-جھکتا-ہے","نیچے-اُترو"]
Related Senses
G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)G1849 1. authority, power (91×)H6485a 2. Qal: punish, bring judgment (63×)H8198 1. maidservant, female slave (63×)G2962 2. master, lord (human authority) (61×)H0034 1. needy, poor, destitute (61×)H0519 1. female servant, maidservant (56×)H6041 1. poor, needy person (55×)H0113 2. master, owner of servants (49×)H4910 1. Qal: to have dominion, exercise power over (44×)H1800 1. poor, needy (socioeconomic) (38×)H3515 1. heavy, severe, grievous (36×)G4434 1. (34×)G5092 1. honor, esteem, respect (33×)H6485a 4. Qal: visit, attend to, care for (32×)H3513 1. honor / show respect (Piel) (30×)H4910 2. Qal: to rule, govern (administrative authority) (27×)H4513 1. withhold, restrain, hold back (25×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שָׁפֵל vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHMxxix (1875), 604; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (LagBN 48); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל 2:9; 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Ec 12:4; Pr…