H6041 H6041
Poor, afflicted, humble; one who is materially destitute, oppressed in suffering, or lowly in spirit before God.
A richly layered adjective spanning external poverty, experienced suffering, and interior humility. The Law repeatedly commands protection for the 'ani — the economically vulnerable who deserve gleaning rights and fair wages (Lev 19:10; Deut 24:14). The Psalms voice the cry of the afflicted under oppression, confident that God hears their distress (Ps 9:12; 2 Sam 22:28). Isaiah personifies storm-tossed Jerusalem herself as 'aniyyah (Isa 54:11). In its rarest and most theologically potent sense, the word describes humble dependence on God — the spirit Zechariah envisions in the coming King riding on a donkey (Zech 9:9).
1. poor, needy person — The materially poor or destitute person, forming a recognized social class in Israelite law. Spanish 'pobre' and French 'pauvre' both render this economic sense directly. The Torah mandates leaving harvest corners and fallen grain for the 'ani (Lev 19:10; 23:22), guaranteeing same-day wages (Deut 24:15) — protections reflecting genuine economic vulnerability rather than mere misfortune. 55×
AR["الفَقيرَ","الفَقيرُ","الفَقِيرَ","الفَقِيرُ","الفَقِيرِ","الْفَقِيرَ","الْفَقِيرِ","بائِسٌ","بَائِسٌ","فَقير","فَقيراً","فَقيرًا","فَقيرٌ","فَقِيرًا","فَقِيرٌ","مَسْكِينًا"]·ben["দরিদ্র","দরিদ্রকে","দরিদ্রের","দীনকে"]·DE["Armer","Elende","arm","der-Elende","elend"]·EN["afflicted","am-afflicted","humble","poor","the-afflicted","the-poor"]·FR["pauvre"]·heb["עני"]·HI["गरीब","गरीब-को","गरीब-से","दीन","दीन-की","दीन-को"]·ID["miskin","orang miskin","orang-miskin","orang-sengsara","orang-tertindas","sengsara","tertindas","yang-miskin"]·IT["afflitto","povero"]·jav["Tiyang-mlarat","kang-mlarat","mlarat","tiyang-miskin","tiyang-mlarat"]·KO["가난하고","가난하다","가난한","가난한-자","가난한-자-를","가난한-자-와","가난한-자-의","가난한-자를","가난한-자와","곤공하고"]·PT["aflito","do-pobre","o-aflito","o-pobre","pobre"]·RU["беден","бедного","бедный","смиренный","угнетён"]·ES["Al-pobre","afligido","al-pobre","el-pobre","humilde","pobre"]·SW["maskini","mnyonge","taabu"]·TR["fakir","fakiri","fakirin","mazlum","mazlumu","yoksul","yoksulu"]·urd["غریب","غریب-کو","غریب-کے","مسکین","مسکین-کو"]
Lev 19:10, Lev 23:22, Deut 24:12, Deut 24:14, Deut 24:15, Job 24:9, Job 24:14, Job 29:12, Ps 9:18, Ps 10:2, Ps 10:9, Ps 10:9 (+38 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. afflicted, oppressed one — One who suffers affliction, oppression, or deep distress, where the emphasis falls on experiential anguish rather than material lack. German 'Elende' captures the wretchedness well. David praises God for not hiding his face from the afflicted (Ps 22:24), and Elihu declares God delivers the 'ani through their suffering (Job 36:15) — the condition presupposes a cry that rises to heaven. 19×
AR["[ketiv]","البَائِسِ","المَساكينِ","الْبائِسَ","الْمَسْكِينِ","الْمِسْكِينِ","بَائِسٌ","فَقيراً","فَقِيرٍ","فُقَرائِكَ","فُقَرَاءُ","فُقَرَاءِ","لِلفَقير","لِلْبَائِسِ","مِسْكينٍ","وَ-بَائِسِيهِ","وَمِسْكِينٌ"]·ben["আমার-জাতির-দরিদ্রদের","এবং-তাঁর-দুঃখীদেরকে","এবং-দীন","তোমার-দরিদ্রদের","দরিদ্রদের","দরিদ্ররা","দরিদ্রের","দরিদ্রের;","দীন","দীনকে","দীনদের","দীনের","দুঃখিত","দুঃখিতকে","দুঃখীদের","দুঃখীর","নম্র","সেই-দুঃখীর"]·DE["Arme","Armer","Elende","afflicted","dein-Elende","der-Elende","elend","und-Armer","und-Elende"]·EN["Your-afflicted-ones","[ketiv]","afflicted","afflicted-of","and-afflicted","and-his-afflicted-ones","of-the-afflicted","the-afflicted","to-the-afflicted"]·FR["affligé","et-pauvre","mon-affliction","pauvre","à-pauvre"]·heb["ו-עני","ו-עניו","ל-עני","עני","עניי","ענייך","עניים"]·HI["और-अपने-दीनों-पर","और-दीन","दीन","दीन-","दीन-का","दीन-के","दीन-के-लिए","दीन-को","दीनों-","दुखिया","दुखियों-की","दुखियों-को","दुखी-के","दुखी-को","पीड़ित","पीड़ितों-की","पीड़ितों-को"]·ID["Tertindas","[Ketiv]","dan-orang-sengsara-Nya","orang sengsara","orang-miskin","orang-orang sengsara","orang-orang-sengsara-Mu","orang-tertindas","orang-yang-tertindas","tertindas","untuk-orang-sengsara","yang-tertindas"]·IT["afflitto","e-afflitto","e-povero","povero"]·jav["Mlarat","[ketib-qere]","ingkang-mlarat","ingkang-sangsara","lan-para-tiyang-sangsaranipun","saha-sangsara","saking-tiyang-sangsara","tiyang-mlarat-Panjenengan","tiyang-sangsara"]·KO["가난한-자","가난한-자-의","가난한-자들","가난한-자들-에게","가난한-자를","가난한-자와","고난받는-자들의","곤고한","곤고한-자-의","곤고한-자를","곤란한-자-의","그리고-가난한","그리고-그의-고난받는-자들을","당신-의-가난한-자들-의","븈박한-자들이","븈뱙한-자들의"]·PT["Aflito","[variante]","aflito","aflitos","ao-aflito","aos-aflitos","de-teus-aflitos","do-aflito","e-aflito","e-de-seus-aflitos","necessitados-de","o-aflito","os-pobres-de","pobre"]·RU["бедного","бедные","бедных","бедных-Твоих","бедняка","и-страждущих-Своих","и-угнетенный","нищего","нищих","страдальца","угнетенного","угнетён","угнетённого","угнетённых","униженный"]·ES["Afligido","[afligidos]","afligido","afligidos","afligidos-de","al-afligido","de-afligido","pobres-de","tus-afligidos","y-afligido","y-de-sus-afligidos"]·SW["Mnyonge","aliyeonewa","cha-wanyonge","kwa-wanyonge","masikini","mnyenyekevu","mnyonge","na-maskini","na-maskini-wake","wanyonge","wanyonge-wa","ya-maskini-wako","ya-mwenye-shida","ya-wahitaji"]·TR["[ketiv]","alçaktan","düşkün-için","ezik","ezilen","ezileni","ezilenin","ezilmişin","mazlumlarının","mazlumun","sıkıntılının","ve-mazlum","ve-zulume-ugramislarini","yoksul","yoksullari","yoksullarinin","yoksulu"]·urd["اور-اپنے-غریبوں-پر","اور-مسکین","اپنے-غریبوں-کی","غریب","غریب کو","غریب-کی","غریب-کے","غریب-کے-لیے","محتاجوں کو","محتاجوں کی","مسکین","مسکین-کو","مسکین-کی","مسکینوں","مسکینوں-کو","مظلوموں-کی"]
3. afflicted one (feminine personification) — A feminine vocative addressing a personified city — typically Jerusalem or Zion — as a suffering, storm-tossed figure. Spanish 'Afligida' preserves the direct address. Isaiah 54:11 calls out 'O afflicted one, storm-tossed and not comforted,' using the feminine form as a tender epithet for a community enduring collective judgment yet awaiting restoration. 3×
AR["يَا-بَائِسَةُ","يَا-مِسْكِينَةُ"]·ben["দুঃখিতা","হে-দুঃখী"]·DE["Armer"]·EN["afflicted-one","poor"]·FR["son-affliction"]·heb["עניה"]·HI["दीन-","दुखिता","हे-दुखी"]·ID["Yang-sengsara","tertindas","yang-sengsara"]·IT["povero"]·jav["Cilaka","Sangsara","ingkang-sangsara"]·KO["고난받는-자여","불쌍한"]·PT["Aflita","aflita","afá"]·RU["бедный","страждущая","угнетённая"]·ES["Afligida","afligida","pobre"]·SW["Mwenye-taabu","maskini","mwenye-taabu"]·TR["Sikintili","sikintili","yoksul"]·urd["اے-مصیبت-زدہ","غریب","غریبہ"]
4. humble, lowly in spirit — Humble or lowly in spirit before God, denoting an inward disposition rather than an outward condition. This is the sense in Zechariah 9:9, where the messianic King comes 'ani — meek, riding a donkey. Proverbs 3:34 pairs it with divine favor: God gives grace to the humble. French 'pauvre' and German 'elend' blur this spiritual nuance, but the Hebrew deliberately shifts from circumstance to character. 2×
AR["[وَ-لِلْمُتَوَاضِعِينَ]","مُتَوَاضِعٌ"]·ben["কেরী","নম্র"]·DE["[[ולעניים]]","elend"]·EN["[ketiv]","humble"]·FR["et-pauvre","pauvre"]·heb["ו-ל-ענווים","עני"]·HI["दीन"]·ID["[ketiv]","rendah-hati"]·IT["e-per-afflitto","povero"]·jav["andhap-asor"]·KO["[크타브]","겸손하시고"]·PT["[ketiv]","humilde"]·RU["[ктив:велааниим]","кроткий"]·ES["[y-a-los-afligidos]","humilde"]·SW["lakini-kwa-wanyenyekevu","mpole"]·TR["[alçakgönüllülere]","mütevazı"]·urd["[اور-غریبوں-کو]","حلیم"]
Related Senses
G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)G1849 1. authority, power (91×)H6485a 2. Qal: punish, bring judgment (63×)H8198 1. maidservant, female slave (63×)G2962 2. master, lord (human authority) (61×)H0034 1. needy, poor, destitute (61×)H0519 1. female servant, maidservant (56×)H0113 2. master, owner of servants (49×)H4910 1. Qal: to have dominion, exercise power over (44×)H1800 1. poor, needy (socioeconomic) (38×)H3515 1. heavy, severe, grievous (36×)G4434 1. (34×)G5092 1. honor, esteem, respect (33×)H6485a 4. Qal: visit, attend to, care for (32×)H3513 1. honor / show respect (Piel) (30×)H4910 2. Qal: to rule, govern (administrative authority) (27×)H4513 1. withhold, restrain, hold back (25×)G1658 1. free (23×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עֱנוּת n.f. affliction;—ψ 22:25; CheJBL xv (1896), 198 proposes צַעֲקַת cry [cf. 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗], (צ dropped out after ץ).