An adjective describing someone who has mastery, dominates, or rules—often with negative connotations of overbearing control. Ezekiel 16:30 uses the feminine form to describe personified Jerusalem as an 'imperious prostitute' (אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָּטֶת), combining sexual infidelity imagery with domineering behavior. The term can be neutral (simply denoting a ruler) or negative (emphasizing domination). Ecclesiastes uses it for rulers or those having mastery, while Genesis 42:6 applies it to Joseph as 'the ruler' over Egypt (likely a late editorial substitution). The feminine form in Ezekiel intensifies the prophet's shocking personification of Jerusalem as an aggressive, controlling prostitute—reversing expected gender roles to maximize rhetorical impact.