Search / H7857
H7857 H7857
V-Qal-Prtcpl-ms  |  31× in 6 senses
To overflow, flood, or sweep away; also to rinse or wash off. Used of literal water, metaphorical invasion, and ritual cleansing.
A verb whose primary image is rushing water that overflows its bounds. Isaiah and Jeremiah employ it as a powerful metaphor for invading armies sweeping across a land like a river in flood (Isa 8:8; 28:2). The Psalms use it for the overwhelming experience of distress, as when the psalmist cries that floodwaters have swept over him (Ps 69:2, 15). In a wholly different register, the same root appears in Leviticus for the domestic and ritual act of rinsing vessels or washing the body (Lev 15:11-12). This semantic breadth, from cosmic deluge to kitchen rinsing, is mirrored across languages: Spanish desbordante and inundar for the flood senses versus enjuagar for washing.

Senses
1. overflow, flood (Qal intransitive) Intransitive flooding: waters rising and overflowing their banks or boundaries, surging forth in abundance. Often metaphorical for overwhelming military invasion, as when Assyria is compared to the Euphrates overflowing and reaching to the neck (Isa 8:8). Also used of God's sweeping judgment (Isa 28:2, 15, 18) and literal waters gushing from the rock (Ps 78:20). Spanish desbordante and French inonder capture the intransitive overflow. 18×
NATURAL_WORLD Physical Events and States Flood Sweep Away
AR["الْجَارِفُ","الْجَارِي","جَارِفٌ","جَارِفٍ","طَاغٍ","طَاغِيَةٍ","فَائِضٌ","فَائِضٍ","فَاضَتْ","وَ-يَطْغَى","وَيَطْغَى","يَجْرُفُ","يَطْغَى","يَفِيضُ"]·ben["উপচে-পড়া","এবং-প্লাবিত-করবে","ও-প্লাবিত-করবে","প্রবল","প্রবাহমান","প্লাবিত-করবে","প্লাবিত-হবে","বন্যা","বন্যা-নেবে","বন্যায়-বয়ে-গেছিল","যা-প্রবাহিত","স্রোতের-মতো"]·DE["overflowed","ueberfluten","und-ueberfluten"]·EN["and-overflow","and-they-shall-overflow","flooding","it-will-overflow","overflowed","overflowing","scourge","shall-overflow","the-flowing","when"]·FR["[השוטף]","et-inonder","inonder"]·heb["ה-שוטף","ו-ישטפו","ו-שטף","ישטוף","ישטופו","שוטף","שוטפים","שטף"]·HI["उमड़-रहा-है","और-बहाएँगे","और-बाढ़-जाएगा","जो-बहता-है","बह-चलीं","बह-जाएगी","बहता-हुआ","बहती-हुई","बहते-हुए","बहा-ले-जाएगा","बहेगा","मूसलाधार"]·ID["akan-membanjir","dan-dia-akan-membanjiri","dan-meluapi-mereka","dan-membanjiri","deras","deras,","meluap","membanjiri","menghanyutkan","yang-melanda","yang-meluap","yang-mengalir"]·IT["[השוטף]","e-inondare","inondare","inondo'"]·jav["badhé-dipun-elèb","deres","ingkang-mili","ingkang-ngbanjiri","lan-ngebyuri","lan-ngelèb","mleber","ngbanjiri","ngebaki","ngelebaken","ngleboni"]·KO["그-흘러-넘치는","그리고-넓치리라","그리고-넓케-하리라","그리고-님치겠다-그것들이","넓케-하리라","넘쳤나이다","넘치는","넘치는도다","넘칠-것이다","님치는","범람하고","쇠아지는","쏟아지는"]·PT["e-inundará","e-inundarão","inundando","inundando-de","inundante","inundará","inundarão","o-que-flui","será-inundado","transbordante","transbordaram"]·RU["затопит","затопят","и-затопит","и-затопят","изливающееся","потопляющий","потопляющих","проливной","разливающийся","разливающимся","текущий","хлынет","хлынули"]·ES["arrastrarán","desbordante","e-inundarán","el-que-fluye","inundará","que-arrastran","que-desborda","rebosando","se-desbordaron","será-arrollado","torrencial","y-arrollará"]·SW["atafurika","hashּwotep","kubwa","litafurika","na-kufurika","na-yatafurika","unaofurika","vikafurika","yanafurika","yanayofurika","yatafurika"]·TR["akan","basacak","basan","sel","su-basacak","süpürülecek","taskin","taşan","taşkın","taştılar","ve-basacak","ve-siz","ve-süpürecek"]·urd["اور-بہائے-گا","اور-وہ-بہا-لے-جائیں-گے","بہا-لے-جائیں-گے","بہا-لے-جائے-گا","بہا-لے-جانے-والی","بہتا-ہوا","بہتی-ہوئی","بہتی-ہیں","بہتے-ہوئے","بہنے-والا","بہہ-جائے-گی","طوفانی","موسلادھار"]
2. sweep away, engulf (Qal transitive) Transitive engulfing: floodwaters or overwhelming forces actively sweeping over, carrying away, or submerging persons or things. The sufferer's perspective dominates: 'the flood would have swept us away' (Ps 124:4), 'let not the deep swallow me' (Ps 69:15). Song 8:7 uses it memorably of love that many waters cannot sweep away. Spanish arrastrar (to drag away) and French submerger mark the transitive, destructive dimension.
NATURAL_WORLD Physical Events and States Flood Sweep Away
AR["تَجْرُفُهَا","تَغْمُرُ-","تَغْمُرُكَ","تَغْمُرْني-","جَامِحٍ","غَمَرَتنا","غَمَرَني"]·ben["আমাকে-ভাসিয়ে-নিয়েছে।","ডুবিয়ে-দিত-আমাদের,","তাকে-ভাসিয়ে-নিতে-পারবে","ধাবমান","প্লাবিত-করবে-তোমাকে","ভাসিয়ে-নিয়ে-যায়","স্রোত-ভাসিয়ে-নিও"]·DE["[ישטפוה]","[תשטף]","hat-swept-über-mich","sweep-über-mich","ueberfluten","würde-haben-swept-uns-weg"]·EN["has-swept-over-me","rushing","sweep-over-me","they-will-overflow-you","wash-away-","will-flood-it","would-have-swept-us-away"]·FR["inonder","le-submergeraient.","submerger"]·heb["ישטפוה","ישטפוך","שוטף","שטפונו","שטפתני","תשטוף","תשטפני"]·HI["बहा-लिया-होता-हमें","बहा-ले-जाता-है","बहा-सकतीं","बहाएंगी-तुझे","भागनेवाला"]·ID["akan-menghanyutkan-engkau","akan-menghanyutkannya","biarlah-menghanyutkan-aku","menghanyutkan","menghanyutkan-aku","menghanyutkan-kami","yang-menyerbu"]·IT["inondare","inondo'","wash-away","will-flood-esso-sua"]·jav["badhé-nglèbèti-panjenengan","ingkang-nerjang","ngentasaken","ngentasaken-kawula","saged-nggéréd-piyambakipun","sami-nglebohi-kita"]·KO["그들-이-쓸어버리리라-그것-을","너를-휘쓸리라","덮지-마소서","덮쳤도다","돌진하는","씻어-내느니라","휩쓸었으리로다-우리-를"]·PT["arrastas-","me-arraste","me-arrastou","nos-teriam-afogado","o-inundarão","que-corre","te-inundarão"]·RU["затопят-её","захлестнул-меня","захлестнёт-меня","несущийся","потопили-бы-нас","потопят-тебя","смывает-"]·ES["arrastran","lo-inundarán","me-arrastra","me-arrastre","nos-habrían-arrastrado","que-arremete","te-ahogarán"]·SW["anayekimbia-mbele","kukuzamisha","kuuzamisha","usinizamishe","yamenizamisha","yanaosha-mbali","yangetufunika"]·TR["bastirir-onu","bastsın-beni","bastı-beni","bogacak-seni","koşan","sürüklerdi-bizi","yıkar-"]·urd["بہا-لے-جائے-مجھے","بہا-لے-جاتا-ہے","بہا-لے-جاتے-ہمیں","بہائیں-گی-تجھے","بہتے-ہوئے","مجھے-بہا-لے-گیا","ڈبو-سکتے-اسے"]
3. rinse, wash (Qal) Rinsing or washing an object with water, typically in ritual or domestic contexts. Leviticus 15:11 prescribes rinsing hands; 1 Kings 22:38 describes washing Ahab's chariot; Ezekiel 16:9 speaks of God washing Jerusalem with water. Spanish enjuagar and the convergence of washing vocabulary across languages clearly distinguish this practical cleansing from the violent flood imagery.
PHYSICAL_ACTION Activities Involving Liquids Washing and Bathing
AR["تُشْطَفْ","وَ-غَسَلوا","وَشَطَفْتُ"]·ben["আর-ধুয়ে-ফেললাম","এবং-ধোয়াল","ধোয়া-হয়েছে"]·DE["er-rinsed","und-sie-wusch","und-ueberfluten"]·EN["and-I-rinsed","and-they-washed","he-rinsed"]·FR["et-ils-lava","et-inonder","il-rinsed"]·heb["ו-אשטוף","ו-שטף","שוטף"]·HI["और-धोया","और-धोया-मैंने","धोएगा"]·ID["dan-Aku-membasuh","dan-mereka-membasuh","dibilas"]·IT["e-essi-lavò","e-inondare","egli-rinsed"]·jav["dipunbilas","lan-Aku-nggèsoki","lan-piyambakipun-ngumbah"]·KO["그리고-내가-씩어냈다","그리고-씬었다","씬었으면"]·PT["e-enxaguei","lavou","¶ E-lavou"]·RU["и-омыли","и-смыл-Я","омыл"]·ES["Y-lavaron","enjuagó","y-enjuagué"]·SW["katika-maji","na-nikaisafisha","na-wakalisafisha"]·TR["suyla","ve-yıkadılar","yıkamadı"]·urd["اور-دھویا","اور-مَیں-نے-بہایا","دھوئے"]
4. be rinsed (Niphal passive of wash) Niphal passive of the washing sense: to be rinsed or washed with water, used of vessels requiring ritual purification. Attested in Leviticus 15:12, where an earthen vessel touched by one with a discharge must be broken, but a wooden vessel 'shall be rinsed.' The passive construction marks this as the receptive counterpart of sense 3.
PHYSICAL_ACTION Activities Involving Liquids Washing and Bathing
AR["يُشْطَفُ"]·ben["ধোয়া-হবে"]·DE["soll-sein-rinsed"]·EN["shall-be-rinsed"]·FR["devra-être-rinsed"]·heb["שוטף"]·HI["धोया जाएगा"]·ID["dibilas"]·IT["dovra-essere-rinsed"]·jav["dipunbilas"]·KO["씬어야-한다"]·PT["será-lavado"]·RU["омывается"]·ES["será-enjuagado"]·SW["kitaoshwa"]·TR["yıkanacak"]·urd["دھویا-جائے"]
5. be swept away (Niphal passive of flood) Niphal passive of the flood sense: to be swept away or overwhelmed by flooding forces. Daniel 11:22 uses it of armies being swept away before a rising power. Spanish serán arrollados (they shall be overwhelmed) captures the passive military metaphor, distinct from the ritual washing passive in sense 4.
NATURAL_WORLD Physical Events and States Flood Sweep Away
AR["يُغْمَرُونَ"]·ben["ভেসে-যাবে"]·DE["ueberfluten"]·EN["shall-be-swept-away"]·FR["inonder"]·heb["יישטפו"]·HI["बह-जाएँगी"]·ID["akan-dibanjiri"]·IT["inondare"]·jav["badhé-dipun-elèb"]·KO["넓치리라"]·PT["serão-inundadas"]·RU["будут-затоплены"]·ES["serán-arrollados"]·SW["zitafurika"]·TR["süpürülecekler"]·urd["بہہ-جائیں-گے"]
6. be rinsed (Pual intensive passive) Pual intensive passive: to be thoroughly rinsed or washed, indicating a more complete cleansing than the simple Niphal. Attested in Leviticus 6:28 regarding the bronze vessel in which a sin offering was boiled, which must be scoured and 'thoroughly rinsed.' The intensified stem signals a higher degree of cleansing required for sacrificial purity.
PHYSICAL_ACTION Activities Involving Liquids Washing and Bathing
AR["وَ-يُغْسَلُ"]·ben["এবং-ধোয়া-হোক"]·DE["und-rinsed"]·EN["and-rinsed"]·FR["et-rinsed"]·heb["ו-שוטף"]·HI["और-धोया-जाए"]·ID["dan-dibilas"]·IT["e-rinsed"]·jav["lan-dipunbilas"]·KO["그리고-씻으라"]·PT["e-enxaguado"]·RU["и-омыт"]·ES["y-enjuagada"]·SW["na-kishishwe"]·TR["ve-durulanacak"]·urd["اور-دھویا-جائے"]

Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H4325 1. water, waters (582×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H3701 1. silver (the metal) (391×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H0216 1. light (general / metaphorical) (116×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;— 1. overflow, of river Is 8:8; Je 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by StaThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti read