Washing and Bathing

רָחַץ72 vb. wash, wash off, away, bathe (NH = BH; Arabic رَحَضَ (also of garments); Ethiopic ርሕፀ:, ረሐፀ:, sweat; cf. Assyrian raḫâṣu, overflow, flood (on ḫ = ح v. NöZMG xi (1886), 727));— Qal69 Pf. 3 ms. ר׳ Is 4:4 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְחַץ Dt 23:12 + etc.; Imv. ms. רְחַץ 2 S 11:8; 2 K 5:13; mpl. רַחֲצוּ Gn 18:4 +; Inf. cstr. רְחֹץ Gn 24:32 +, לְרָחְצָה Ex 30:18 +; Pt. fs. רֹחֶ֫צֶת 2 S 11:2, fpl. רֹחֲצוֹת Ct 5:12;— 1. trans. wash (with water), c. acc. feet (רגלים; בַּמַּיִם often expr.), Gn 18:4; 19:2; 24:32; 43:24 (all J), Ju 19:21; 1 S 25:41; 2 S 11:8; Ct 5:3; יִר׳ פְּעָמָיו בְּדַם הָרָשָׁע ψ 58:11 (fig. of righteous, at י׳’s vengeance); c. acc. hands (יָדַיִם) Dt 21:6 (+ עַל over, in ceremonial, to express innocence), hence fig. אֶר׳ כַּפַּי בְּנִקָּיוֹן ψ 26:6; 73:13; hands and feet Ex 30:19 (+ מִן of laver), v 21; 40:31 (+ מִן id.; all P); c. acc. face (פָּנָיו) Gn 43:31 (J); c. acc. pers. Ez 16:9; Ex 29:4; 40:12; Lv 8:6 (all P), acc. בְּשָׂרוֹ (often ‖ כבּס of garments), Lv 14:9; 15:13 + 9 times P (H); c. acc. of parts of sacrificial victim Ex 29:17; Lv 1:9, 13; 8:21; 9:14; wash off, away, c. acc. of filth Is 4:4 (fig.). 2. intrans. wash, bathe (oneself): Ex 2:5 (E), 2 S 11:2; 12:20 1 K 22:38; 2 K 5:10, 12, 13; Is 1:16; Ez 23:40 (+ ל pers. of whom), Ru 3:3; Lv 14:8 + 14 times P (often ‖ כבּס); + ב of laver 2 Ch 4:6(×2); of eyes, bathed in milk (בֶּחָלָב) Ct 5:12 (fig.); Jb 29:6 (fig.), v. הָלִיךְ" dir="rtl" >הָלִיךְ. †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. רֻחָ֑ץ Pr 30:12 be washed (+ מִן of filth, fig.); 2 fs. בְּמַיִם לֹא רֻחַצְתְּ Ez 16:4 (in fig.). †Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְרָחַצְתִּי במו שׁלג Jb 9:30 if I washed myself in snow (fig.).

[כָּבַס51] vb. (tread), wash (NH id.; Ph. כבס as pt.; Assyrian kabâsu, tread, (down), subjugate, kilšu, step, path, DlHWB)— Qal Pt. only מְסִלַּת שְׂדֵה כוֹבֵס highway of fuller’s (= treader’s, washer’s) field Is 7:3; 36:2 = 2 K 18:17. Pi. Pf. וְכִּבֶּס consec. Lv 13:6 + 11 times; כִּבֵּס Gn 49:11 2 S 19:25, etc.; Impf. יְכַבֵּס Lv 11:25 + 16 times; 2 ms. sf. תְּכַבְּסֵנִי ψ 51:9, etc.; Imv. sf. כַּבְּסֵנִי 51:4; fs. כַּבְּסִי Je 4:14; Pt. pl. מְכַבְּסִים Mal 3:2;— 1. wash garments (i.e. by treading) Ex 19:10, 14 (E), 2 S 19:25; fig. of Judah Gn 49:11; elsewhere chiefly P: Lv 6:20; 11:25, 28; 13:6, 34; 15:11; Nu 8:9 +; ‖ רָחץ (which = wash person) Lv 14:8, 9; 15:5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 + (כ׳ in Lv 27 times, ‖ ר׳ 15 times; in Nu 8 times, ‖ ר׳ 3 times); Pt. = fuller (cf. Qal), only בֹּרִית מְכ׳ Mal 3:2. †2. wash person, only poet. and fig. אִם תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר Je 2:22; כַּבְּסִי מֵרָעָה לִבֵּךְ 4:14; c. sf. ψ 51:4 (‖ טהר; + מֵעָוֹן); v 9 (‖ חִטֵּא). †Pu. Pf. וְכֻבַּס consec. Lv 13:58; 15:17 be washed, of garment. †Hothp. (Ges§ 54, 3) Inf. אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֶת־הַנֶּגַע Lv 13:55 after the plague is washed out, so v 56.

† שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;— 1. overflow, of river Is 8:8; Je 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by StaThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v 18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v 2 (מַיִם), 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Is 10:22; c. acc. of land Je 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Is 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), ψ 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v 16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Is 28:17 Ct 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Is 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Dn 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Je 8:6. 2. flow, run, lit. of נַחַל ψ 78:20 2 Ch 32:4. 3. lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed 1 K 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 15:11 (P); of stain Ez 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Jb 14:19. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lv 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dn 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v 26 (cf. Dr). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

Included with: νίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+; imperative νίζε Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive νίζειν Refs 8th c.BC+; participle νίζων Refs 8th c.BC+: Epic dialect imperfect νίζον Refs 8th c.BC+:— the present νίπτω, analogically formed from νίψω ἔνιψα, first in NT+5th c.BC+ uses middle νίπτομαι Refs: future νίψω Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist ἔνιψα Refs; Epic dialect νίψα Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, νίζομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect νίζετο Refs 8th c.BC+future νίψομαι (see. ἀπο-, ἐκ-νίζω)LXXaorist ἐνιψάμη; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular νίψατο Refs 8th c.BC+perfect νένιμμαι (see. below): aorist passive ἐνίφθην (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—wash the hands or feet (see. entry near the end), νίζε δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἆσσον ἰοῦσα ἄναχθ᾽ ἑόν Refs 8th c.BC+, cf. Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place]:—middle, νίψατο δ᾽ αὐτὸς χεῖρας Refs 8th c.BC+; νίψασθαι, absolutely, to wash one's hands, Refs 8th c.BC+; χεῖρας νίψασθαι ἁλός [with water] from the sea, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, purge, cleanse, νίψαι καθαρμῷ Refs 5th c.BC+ __II wash off, ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ.. νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτός Refs 8th c.BC+[same place]:—passive, αἷμα νένιπται Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο ἅλμην he washed the brine off his skin [with water] from the river, Refs 8th c.BC+—Commonly used of washing part of the person, while λούομαι is used of bathing, πλύνω of washing clothes, etc.; but νίζω is sometimes used of things, σπόγγοισι.. τραπέζας νίζον Refs 8th c.BC+ — _Attic dialect_ Prose writers use the word only in compounds, see.{ἀπο-}, ἐναπο-, ἐκ-νίζω. (Cf. OIr. nigid, Sanskrit nénekti 'wash', niktá- 'washed', Gr. ἀ-νιπτό-ποδες, χέρνιβα, I.-Refs 5th c.BC+ nig[uglide]-.)

† סָפַק [I. שָׂפַקִ] vb. slap, clap (NH Pi. id.; Arabic سَفَقَ slap (face), strike (hands) Lane 1373);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָפַק consec. Je 48:26, sf. סְפָקָם Jb 34:26; 1 s. סָפַ֫קְתִּי Je 31:19; 3 pl. סָֽפְקוּ La 2:15; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק (שׂ subst. for ס) Jb 27:23, יִסְפּוֹק 34:37, הִסְפֹּק Nu 24:10; Imv. ms. סְפֹק Ez 21:17;— 1. slap, sq. עַל־יָרֵךְ on the thigh, in remorse and sorrow Je 31:19 Ez 21:17; c. כַּפַּיִם clap one’s hands Nu 24:10 (in anger), c. עַל at, La 2:15; Jb 27:23 (in mockery); כ׳ om. Jb 34:37 (in presumptuousness, against God). 2. slap, chastise, c. acc. pers. Jb 34:26 (subj. God). 3. splash וְס׳ מוֹאָב בְּקִיאוֹ Je 48:26 and Moab shall splash (fall with a splash) into his vomit, > Thes BuhlLex 13 empty himself(?), throw up (cf. Syriac ܣܦܩ Pa.). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וּבְיַלְדֵי נָכְרִים יַשְׂפִּ֫יקוּ Is 2:6 (read perhaps וּבִידֵי Hi Du Che, and into the hands of foreigners they clap, lit. cause to clap, sc. their hands; > 𝔊 𝔖 from ii. שׂפק q.v., they abound in, have a sufficienty of).

λούω, contraction from λοέω, from which come imperfect λόεον Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist infinitive λοέσσαι Refs; participle λοέσσας Refs 8th c.BC+: future middle λοέσσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist λοέσσατοRefs 8th c.BC+: also Epic dialect imperfect ἐλούεον Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive λούειν Refs 5th c.BC+: future λούσω Refs 3rd c.BC+; Doric dialect λουσῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+: aorist ἔλουσα Refs 6th c.BC+ (Epic dialect λοῦσα Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle λούονται Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive λούεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle λουόμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+: future λούσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐλουσάμηνRefs; Epic dialect λούσαντο Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect participle λωσάμενος Refs: —passive, aorist ἐλούθην Refs 5th c.BC+perfect λέλουμαι, 3rd.pers. singular λέλουται Refs 5th c.BC+; participle λελουμένος LXX+8th c.BC+—Another old form of the present was λόω, whence 3rd.pers. singular λόει Refs, 2nd pers. singular middle κατα-λόει Refs 5th c.BC+: 3rd.pers. singular imperfect λόε Refs 8th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. plural λόον Refs; 3rd.pers. singular subjunctive middle λόηται Refs 3rd c.BC+; infinitive λόεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+:—to λόω also belong the following contraction forms, 3rd.pers. singular imperfect ἀπ-έλου Refs 5th c.BC+; present passive λοῦται Refs 7th c.BC+; λοῦνται, ἐλοῦτο, Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἐλοῦντο Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive λοῦσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle λούμενος Refs 5th c.BC+, etc., are rejected by Refs 5th c.BC+: (Cf. Latin l[acaron]vo [from *lovo]): — wash, properly wash the body (νίζω being used of the hands and feet, πλύνω of clothes), τὸν δ᾽ Ἥβη λοῦσεν Refs 8th c.BC+; λοῦσ᾽ ἐν ποταμῷ bathed me, i.e. let me bathe, Refs; τίς ἄν σφε λούσειε; NT+5th c.BC+; also λ ἐκ τρίποδος μεγάλοιο washed me [with water] from a great cauldron, Refs 8th c.BC+ __b rarely of things, λ. τὰ δύο μέρη τοῦ βαλανείου Refs 5th c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, purify, τινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν variant in NT __II middle and passive, bathe, λοῦσθαι ποταμοῖο ῥοῇσι Refs 8th c.BC+ fresh from Ocean's bath, Refs 8th c.BC+; λούεσθαι ποταμοῖο bathe in the river,Refs 8th c.BC+; λελουμένος freshbathed, after bathing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in strict passive sense, λοῦσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός, i.e. to be washed by the rain from heaven, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 in strict middle sense, with accusative, λοέσσασθαι χρόα wash one's body, Refs 8th c.BC+; λούονται (variant{λοῦνται}) ὕδατι τὸ σῶμα Refs 5th c.BC+

† [דּוּחַ], דִּיחַ vb. rinse, cleanse away by rinsing, washing (NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. id.; cf. Assyrian dîḫu DlPr 177)— Hiph. Pf. sf. הדיחנו Kt Je 51:34 Qr הֱדִיחָ֑נִי but read הִדִּיחני from נדח (Hi, cf. 50:17); Impf. 3 ms. יָדִיחַ Is 4:4; 3 mpl. יָדִיחוּ 2 Ch 4:6 + Ez 40:38 (Co conj. הַקָּדִים);— 1. rinse, victims to be offered in sacrifice Ez 40:38, so 2 Ch 4:6 (cf. supr.) 2. fig. cleanse by washing Is 4:4, of removing guilt.

πλύνω [ῡ], Epic dialect imperfect πλύνεσκον Refs 8th c.BC+: future πλῠνῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect πλῠνέω Refs 8th c.BC+aorist ἔπλῡνα, Epic dialect πλῦνα Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, future πλῠνοῦμαι LXX+5th c.BC+: aorist participle πλυνάμενος LXX+5th c.BC+:—passive, future πλῠθήσομαι (πλυνθ- Refs 5th c.AD+: aorist ἐπλύθην [ῠ], 3rd.pers. singular subjunctive πλυθῇ Refs 4th c.BC+; participle πλυθέν Refs 1st c.AD+: perfect πέπλῠμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; participle πεπλυμένος Refs 3rd c.BC+:—wash, clean, properly of linen. clothes, etc. (opposed to λούομαι bathe, νίζω wash the hands or feet), εἵματα πλύνεσκον Refs 8th c.BC+; πλῦνάν τε (i.e. εἵματα) κάθηράν τε ῥύπα πάνταRefs 5th c.BC+; στολήν LXX:—passive, σησάμου πεπλυμένου Refs 3rd c.BC+; σκίλλης πλυθείσης Porph. [prev. cited] __b metaphorically, πέπλυται τὸ πρᾶγμα the thing is washed to pieces, i. e. worn out, Refs 3rd c.BC+threadbare, hackneyed, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II as a slang term, πλύνειν τινά 'give him a dressing', abuse, κἀκυκλοβόρει κἄπλυνε Refs 5th c.BC+ also with Lithuanian pláuti 'bathe', OSlavonic pluti 'flow', 'sail'.)

σᾰρόω, = σαίρω (B), sweep clean, τὴν οἰκίαν NT+2nd c.AD+:—passive, οἶκος σεσαρωμένος NT: metaphorically, to be swept clean, exhausted, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II passive, of the thing swept, κῦμα.. μεταξὺ χοιράδων σαρούμενον Refs 3rd c.BC+

σπόγγος, ὁ, sponge, σ. πολυτρήτοισι τραπέζας νίζον Refs 8th c.BC+; used at the bath, Refs 5th c.BC+; for cleaning shoes. NT+5th c.BC+ __II any spongy substance, σικυώνης σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ σ. the glands in the throat, tonsils, from their spongy nature and liability to swell, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III ={νήριον}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+. (σφόγγος is found in Refs 4th c.BC+; compare σπογγιά, σπογγίον.)

† [שָׂחָה] vb. swim (NH סָחוּ swimming; 𝔗 סְחָא, Syriac ܣܚܳܐ swim, bathe, also סָחְיָא, סַחְיָנָא, שָׂחְיָנָא swimmer; Aph. wash);— Qal Pt. + Inf. cstr. כַּאֲשֶׁר יְפָרֵשׂ הַשּׂחֶה לִשְׂחוֹת Is 25:11. Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַשְׂחֶה ψ 6:7 I make my bed swim (with my tears; another view sub שִׂיחַ Qal 1).

ἄνιπτος, ον, unwashen, χερσὶ δ᾽ ἀνίπτοισιν (variant{-ῃσιν}) Διὶ λείβειν.. ἅξομαιNT+8th c.BC+ i.e. unprepared, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 not to be washed out, αἷμαRefs 4th c.BC+

ἀπο-λούω, __I with accusative of things, wash off, λούειν ἄπο βρότονRefs 8th c.BC+ —middle, ὄφρ᾽.. ἅλμην ὤμοιϊν ἀπολούσομαι that I may wash the brine from off my shoulders, Refs 8th c.BC+; of baptism, ἀ. τὰς ἁμαρτίαςNT __I.2 with accusative person, wash clean, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, wash away from oneself, λούσασθαι ἄπο βρότον αἱματόενταRefs 8th c.BC+: in archaic style, ἀπολούμενοςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __I.3 with accusative person et of things, ὄφρα τάχιστα Πάτροκλον λούσειαν ἄπο βρότον might wash the gore off him, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.4 ἀπολουσέμεναι· κολ[λ]οβώσειν Refs 5th c.AD+; compare ἀπολέπω.

λουτρόν, τό, in Refs 8th c.BC+ always λοετρόν, but contraction form in Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect λωτρόν, Refs 5th c.AD+: (λούω):— bath, bathing-place, Refs 8th c.BC+ hot bath, Refs 8th c.BC+; σίτοισι καὶ λουτροῖσι in matters of eating and washing, Refs 8th c.BC+: in plural, bathing-establishment, τὰ δημόσια λ. Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 water for bathing or washing, ὑδάτων ἐνεγκεῖν λουτρά Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν λουτροῖς while bathing, Refs 5th c.BC+; λοῦσαί τινα λουτρόν give one a bath, wash one with water, Refs 5th c.BC+; λοῦσθαι λουτρόν bathe, Refs 4th c.BC+; νυμφικὰ λουτρά the conveying of water to the bride (compare λουτροφόρος), NT+2nd c.AD+ __II in Poets, ={σπονδαί}, libations to the dead, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [רַ֫חַץ] n. [m.] washing, fig.;—only sf. in סִיר רַחְצִי ψ 60:10 Moab is my wash-pot = 108:10.

† רַחְצָה n.f. id., lit.;—עָלוּ מִן־הָר׳, of sheep, Ct 4:2; 6:6 (in sim.).

ἀπομάσσω, Attic dialect ἀπομάττω, wipe off, δάκρυα χλαμύδιRefs 2nd c.BC+:—middle, wipe off oneself, ὕδατος ἄχνηνNT+3rd c.BC+; wipe, τι Refs: absolutely, dry oneself, Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 wipe clean, especially in magical ceremonies, ἀπομάττων [αὐτοὺς] τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τοῖς πιτύροιςRefs 4th c.BC+: —middle, wipe for oneself, Ἀχιλλείων ἀπομάττει you wipe your hands on the finest bread, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, wipe one's mouth, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of a serpent, ἀ. τὸν ἰόν get rid of its poison, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II wipe off or level corn in a measure with a strickle: hence χοίνικα ἀ. give scant measure, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κενεὰν ἀπομάξαι (i.e. χοίνικα) level an empty measure, i.e. labour in vain, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III take an impression of, ἔν τισι τῶν μαλακῶν σχήματα ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, model, as a sculptor, Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically, take impressions, ὅθεν ἡμὴ φρὴν ἀπομαξαμένηRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. παρ᾽ ἀλλήλων one from another, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, copy, imitate, Refs 1st c.BC+: with genitive, model oneself upon, Refs 3rd c.BC+

ἀπονίζω, later ἀπονευρ-νίπτωRefs 8th c.BC+, see below:— wash off, ἀπονίψαντες.. βρότον ἐξ ὠτειλῶνRefs 8th c.BC+:—middle, wash off from oneself, ἱδρῶ πολλὸν ἀπονίζοντο θαλάσσῃ Refs __II wash clean, especially of the hands and feet, τὴν ἀπονίζουσα φρασάμην I perceived it (the scar) as I was washing his feet, Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, χρῶτ᾽ ἀπονίπτεσθαι wash one's body, variant in Refs 8th c.BC+; wash one's hands (especially after meals,Refs 5th c.BC+water to wash with, Refs 4th c.BC+; so in perfect passive, ἀπονενίμμεθ᾽Refs 5th c.BC+; also in late Prose, see above; τῆς κρήνης -νιψάμενοςRefs 4th c.AD+ __II.2 rarely of things, ἀ. τὴν κύλικαRefs 5th c.BC+

† [סָחָה] vb. scrape (Arabic سَحَا (سحو and سحى Lane1322, scrape off, clear away; cf. Talm. סְחוּתָא, סְחִיתָא refuse, 𝔗 סְחִיתָא dirt, dung);—only Pi. scrape clean, scour, Pf. 1 s. consec. וְסִחֵתִ֫י עֲפָרָהּ מִמֶּנָּה Ez 26:4 and I will scrape clean her dust from her.