H7802 H7802
lily; any lily-like flower, used in similes of beauty and as a technical term in psalm superscriptions
This noun refers to the lily or lily-like flowers, though the exact botanical identification remains debated (possibly iris or similar flowers). In Song of Songs it becomes a tender metaphor: the bride is like a lily among thorns (2:2), and there are references to 'the lily of the valleys' (2:1). More surprisingly, it appears in the superscriptions of Psalms 60 and 80 as a technical musical or liturgical term ('according to Shushan Eduth' or 'the lily of testimony'). The multilingual glosses show confusion in the psalm contexts (Spanish testimonio 'testimony', mixing the phrase components), suggesting the technical usage was already obscure to later translators. The flower itself speaks of delicate beauty, purity, and perhaps spring renewal.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Lily or lily-like flower, used both as botanical reference and metaphor for beauty (Song of Songs) and as a technical liturgical term in psalm superscriptions. In Psalms 60 and 80, 'Shushan Eduth' ('lily of testimony') appears to be a tune or performance instruction, though its precise meaning was already unclear in antiquity—hence the mixed glossing between 'lily' and 'testimony' across languages. The flower symbolizes delicate beauty, beloved in ancient Israel's poetic tradition. 4×
AR["السَّوْسَنَ", "شوشَنَّ", "شَهادَةٍ", "شَهَادَةٌ"]·ben["শূশন", "শোশন্নীম", "সাক্ষ্য"]·DE["Zeugnis", "der-Lilies", "der-lily-von", "ein-Zeugnis"]·EN["a-testimony", "testimony", "the-Lilies", "the-lily-of"]·FR["Shushân", "témoignage"]·heb["עדות", "שושן", "שושנים"]·HI["एदूत", "शोशन्नीम", "साक्षी", "सोसन"]·ID["bunga-bakung", "kesaksian"]·IT["canto-d'amore", "testimonianza"]·jav["kaseksen", "kembang-bakung", "kesaksian", "miktam"]·KO["백합꽃들", "백합꽃의", "증거의"]·PT["lírio", "os-lírios", "testemunho"]·RU["лилии", "лилиях", "свидетельства", "свидетельство"]·ES["lirio-de", "lirios", "testimonio"]·SW["ushuhuda", "ya-ushuhuda", "yungiyungi"]·TR["tanıklık", "zambak", "zambaklar", "şehadet"]·urd["سوسنوں", "سوسَن", "شَہادَت", "گواہی"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. שׁוּשַׁן, שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן n.m. שׁוֹשַׁנָּה n.f. usually lily, prob. any lily-like flower (TristrNHB 462 ff. Post Hast. DB Lily Löw No. 323; NH שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Arabic سَوْسَنٌ (Vulg. سُوسَنٌ), especially iris, Aramaic שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (PS 4344), Gk. σοῦσον LewyFremdw. 48; orig. loan-word from Egyptian sššn, šôšĕn, Erman ZMG xlvi (1892), 117);—lily: in sim., יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Ho 14:6 (of…