שָׁגֵל H7693
to violate, ravish (sexually assault)
This verb denotes sexual violation or rape. The Masoretes considered it obscene and substituted the euphemism 'lie with' in their reading tradition (Qere), while preserving the original text (Ketiv). The term appears in curses, prophetic judgments, and accusations, always describing violent sexual assault. The scribal sensitivity reflects the gravity of the crime.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Expresses sexual violation or rape. Deuteronomy 28:30 curses covenant-breakers: 'another man will violate her' (יִשְׁגָּלֶנָּה, Ketiv; Qere יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה 'lie with her'). Isaiah 13:16 and Zechariah 14:2 prophesy invaders violating women (תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה, Ketiv; Qere תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה). Jeremiah 3:2 accuses Israel: 'where have you not been violated?' (שֻׁגַּלְתְּ, Ketiv; Qere שֻׁכַּבְתְּ). In all four cases, the Masoretes substituted שָׁכַב ('lie with') for שָׁגַל, judging the original verb too explicit. Multilingual glosses respect this: Spanish 'se-acostará,' French 'se-couche,' German 'liegt'—using euphemistic language while preserving textual notes marking the Ketiv/Qere distinction. 4×
AR["[تُغْتَصَبْنَ]", "[ضُوجِعْتِ]", "[كتابة بديلة]", "[يَضْطَجِعُهَا]"]·ben["[তার-সাথে-শয়ন-করবে]", "[ধর্ষিত-হবে]", "[সম্ভোগ-হবে]"]·DE["[[שגלת]]", "[[תשגלנה]]", "liegt-mit-ihr"]·EN["[ketiv]", "[you-were-lain-with]", "lies-with-her", "will-be-ravished"]·FR["[[שגלת]]", "[[תשגלנה]]", "se-couche-avec-sa", "violer"]·heb["[שגלת]", "[תשגלנה]", "ישכבנה", "תישכבנה"]·HI["[केतीब]", "अपमानित-की-जाएँगी", "भोगी-जाएंगी", "लेटेगा"]·ID["[dicemari]", "[dinodai]", "[kamu-tidur]", "akan-memperkosa-dia"]·IT["[[שגלת]]", "[[תשגלנה]]", "[תשגלנה]", "giace-con-lei"]·jav["[K]", "[dipun-rudapéksa]", "[nyetubuhi]", "badhé-dipunrudapeksa"]·KO["(ketiv)", "[욕보당하리라]", "눇으리라"]·PT["[Q]", "[a-possuirá]", "[serão-violadas]", "[serão-violentadas]"]·RU["[ктив]", "[обесчестятся]", "[осквернит-её]", "[ты-была-изнасилована]"]·ES["[te-acostaste]", "[violadas]", "se-acostará-con-ella"]·SW["[atamlala]", "[ketiv]", "watabakwa", "watalaliwa"]·TR["(metin-varyantı)", "[ketiv]", "[kirletilecek]", "[tecavuz-edilecek]"]·urd["[بے-عزت-کی-جائیں-گی]", "[صحبت-کرےگا-اُس-سے]"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[שָׁגֵל] vb. violate, ravish (Mass. think verb obscene, and subst. שָׁכַב);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁגָּלֶנְּה Dt 28:30 Kt (Qr יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה). Niph. Impf. 3 fpl. תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה Is 13:16 Zc 14:2 women shall be ravished (both Kt; Qr תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה). Pu. Qal pass. (Ges§ 52 e) Pf. 2 fs. אֵיפֹה לֹא שֻׁגַּלְתְּ Je 3:2 where hast thou not been ravished? (Qr שֻׁכַּבְתְּ).