רוּשׁ H7326
To be poor, in want; as participle: a poor or destitute person; also to feign poverty
Rush (or rish) describes the state of material poverty and want. Its Qal participle functions almost exclusively as a noun — 'the poor one' — appearing throughout Proverbs and the Psalms to name the economically vulnerable person who stands opposite the rich (ashir). Spanish 'pobre' and German 'arm' render it with straightforward simplicity. Nathan's parable in 2 Samuel 12 makes the rash unforgettable: one little ewe lamb belonging to a poor man. Proverbs 13:7 introduces a surprising Hitpael twist — one who 'makes himself poor' while secretly possessing wealth — while Psalm 34:10 preserves the rare finite verbal force, 'young lions are in want.'
Senses
1. poor, needy (adj/subst) — Used adjectivally or substantivally as 'the poor person, the destitute one.' This participial usage dominates the 22 occurrences, spanning Proverbs' wisdom contrasts between rich and poor (Prov 10:4; 13:8; 14:20; 22:7), Nathan's parable of the poor man's lamb (2 Sam 12:1-4), and the Psalms' concern for the vulnerable (Ps 82:3). Spanish 'pobre' and German 'Armer' consistently render the substantival sense. 22×
AR["بِالفَقيرِ","عَلَى-الْفُقَراءِ","فَقيرٌ","فَقيرٍ","فَقِيرٌ","فُقَراءَ","فِي-","لِلْفَقِيرِ","مَمْلَكَتِهِ","وَ-فَقيرٌ","وَ-فَقِيرٌ","وَلِلفَقيرِ"]·ben["-দরিদ্রকে","এবং-দরিদ্র","এবং-দরিদ্রের-জন্য","দরিদ্র","দরিদ্রকে","দরিদ্রদের","দরিদ্রদের-উপরে","দরিদ্রের"]·DE["Armer","Haupt","arm","und-Armer","und-zu-der-arm-eins","zu-Armer"]·EN["a-poor-one","and-poor","and-to-the-poor-one","but-a-poor-man","over-the-poor","poor","the-poor","to-the-poor"]·FR["dans-pauvre","et-pauvre","et-à-le-pauvre-un","pauvre"]·heb["ב-רשים","ו-ל-רש","ו-רש","ל-רש","ראש","ראשים","רש"]·HI["और-गरीब","और-गरीब-के-लिए","गरीब","गरीब-का","गरीब-के","गरीब-को","गरीब-पर","गरीबों-की","गरीबों-पर","गरेएब","निर्धन"]·ID["Miskin","Orang-miskin","atas-orang-miskin","dan-bagi-orang-miskin","dan-orang-miskin","kepada-orang-miskin","miskin","orang-miskin","orang-orang-miskin","tetapi-orang-miskin"]·IT["al-impoverire","e-a-il-povero-uno","e-impoverire","impoverire","in-impoverire","povero"]·jav["Lan-kanggé-sang-mlarat","dhateng-tiyang-miskin","ing-tiyang-miskin","kamiskinan","lan-tiyang-miskin","miskin","mlarat","tiyang-miskin","tiyang-mlarat"]·KO["가난하게","가난하다","가난한","가난한-자-는","가난한-자-들-의","가난한-자-를","가난한-자-의","가난한-자가","가난한-자는","가난한-자들-을","가난한-자라","가난한-자에게","가난한-자와","그러나-가난한-자-는","그리고-가난한-자가","그리고-에게-가난한-자"]·PT["E-para-o-pobre","Pobre","ao-pobre","do-pobre","e-pobre","pobre","pobres","sobre-pobres"]·RU["а-бедный","а-у-бедного","бедного","бедному","бедный","бедным","бедным.","бедных","и-бедный","над-бедными"]·ES["Pobre","Y-al-pobre","al-pobre","el-pobre","pobre","pobres","sobre-los-pobres","un-pobre","y-pobre"]·SW["juu-ya-maskini","lakini-maskini","maskini","na-maskini"]·TR["fakir","fakire","fakirin","fakirler-üzerinde","ve-fakir","ve-yoksul","ve-yoksulda","yoksul","yoksulla","yoksulların","yoksulun"]·urd["اور-غریب","اور-غریب-کے-پاس","غریب","غریب-پر","غریب-کا","غریب-کے","غریبوں-پر","غریبوں-کی","کو-غریب"]
1 Sam 18:23, 2 Sam 12:1, 2 Sam 12:3, 2 Sam 12:4, Ps 82:3, Prov 10:4, Prov 13:8, Prov 13:23, Prov 14:20, Prov 17:5, Prov 18:23, Prov 19:1 (+10 more)
2. to feign poverty — Hitpael participle with pretensive force: to make oneself appear poor, to feign poverty. Proverbs 13:7 pairs this with its opposite — 'one who makes himself rich yet has nothing' — creating a wisdom proverb about appearance versus reality. Spanish 'el que se hace pobre' (he who makes himself poor) captures the reflexive-pretensive nuance precisely. 1×
AR["مُتَفَقِّرٌ"]·ben["যে-নিজেকে-দরিদ্র-করে"]·DE["Armer"]·EN["one-who-pretends-to-be-poor"]·FR["pauvre"]·heb["מתרושש"]·HI["गरीब-बननेवाला"]·ID["yang-berpura-pura-miskin"]·IT["impoverire"]·jav["tiyang-kang-ethok-ethok-mlarat"]·KO["가난해지는-자-가"]·PT["quem-se-faz-pobre"]·RU["делающий-себя-бедным"]·ES["el-que-se-hace-pobre"]·SW["anayejifanya-maskini"]·TR["fakirleşen"]·urd["غریب-بننے-والا"]
3. to be in want — The finite verbal sense: to be in want, to lack, to become impoverished — describing the process or state rather than labeling a person. Psalm 34:10 declares that young lions 'are in want and suffer hunger,' but those who seek the LORD lack no good thing. Spanish 'empobrecen' (they become poor) and German 'sind in Mangel' (are in want) preserve the verbal dynamism absent from the participial noun. 1×
AR["احْتاجَتْ"]·ben["দরিদ্র-হয়"]·DE["sind-in-Mangel"]·EN["are-in-want"]·FR["être-pauvre"]·heb["רשו"]·HI["कंगाल-होते-हैं"]·IT["povero"]·jav["kakèrangan"]·KO["궁핍하고"]·PT["empobrecem"]·RU["беднеют"]·ES["empobrecen"]·SW["hukosa"]·TR["yoksul-kaldılar"]·urd["تنگ-ہوتے-ہیں"]
Related Senses
G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)G1849 1. authority, power (91×)H6485a 2. Qal: punish, bring judgment (63×)H8198 1. maidservant, female slave (63×)G2962 2. master, lord (human authority) (61×)H0034 1. needy, poor, destitute (61×)H0519 1. female servant, maidservant (56×)H6041 1. poor, needy person (55×)H0113 2. master, owner of servants (49×)H4910 1. Qal: to have dominion, exercise power over (44×)H1800 1. poor, needy (socioeconomic) (38×)H3515 1. heavy, severe, grievous (36×)G4434 1. (34×)G5092 1. honor, esteem, respect (33×)H6485a 4. Qal: visit, attend to, care for (32×)H3513 1. honor / show respect (Piel) (30×)H4910 2. Qal: to rule, govern (administrative authority) (27×)H4513 1. withhold, restrain, hold back (25×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[רוּשׁ or רִישׁ]24 vb. be in want, poor (related to ירשׁ [cf. Qal 3, Niph. Hiph. 3