קוּם628 H6965b
to rise, arise, stand up; to stand firm, endure, remain valid; causative: to raise up (a person, leader), to establish (covenant, kingdom), to erect (structure), to fulfill (word, oath)
A verb of vertical motion and stability. The basic Qal sense is physical rising—getting up from sitting or lying, arising to action—dominating narrative with 'and he arose' (wayyaqom). But קוּם also means to stand firm, to endure, to remain valid: counsel that 'stands,' kingdoms that 'endure.' The causative Hifil multiplies meanings: raising up a prophet or judge onto history's stage, establishing a covenant or throne, erecting a physical structure like the Tabernacle, or fulfilling a spoken promise. The Piel and Hitpael add intensive confirmation and hostile rising against adversaries. A single root spans physical posture, existential stability, and covenantal faithfulness.
9. Hitpael: to rise up against, set oneself against — Hitpael reflexive-reciprocal: to rise up against, to set oneself against. Job 20:27, 27:7 invoke heaven and earth as witnesses, with enemies rising up. Psalms 17:7, 59:1 cry out for deliverance from 'those who set themselves against me.' The reflexive morphology (se levantar contra) emphasizes agency: adversaries actively positioning themselves in hostility. 4×
AR["تَقُومُ","مِن-القائِمينَ-عَلَيَّ","مِنَ-الْمُتَمَرِّدِينَ","وَ-مُقاوِمِي"]·ben["আমার-উত্থানকারীদের-থেকে","এবং-যে-আমার-বিরুদ্ধে-ওঠে","বিরুদ্ধে-উঠতে","যারা-উঠে-দাঁড়ায়-থেকে"]·DE["stand-auf","und-stand-auf","von-stand-auf"]·EN["and-my-adversary","from-those-rising-against-me","from-those-rising-up","rises-up"]·FR["de-se-lever","et-lever-moi","lever"]·heb["ו-מתקוממי","מ-מתקוממי-","מ-מתקוממים","מתקוממה"]·HI["उठनेवालों-से-मेरे-विरुद्ध","उसके-विरुद्ध-उठेगी","और-मेरे-विरोधी","से-जो-उठते-हैं-विरुद्ध"]·ID["bangkit-melawan","dan-lawanku","dari-yang-bangkit-melawan"]·IT["alzarsi","e-alzarsi-mio","si-alzo'"]·jav["jumeneng-nglawan","lan-ingkang-nglawan-kula","saking-ingkang-tangi"]·KO["그리고-나의-일어나는-자가","대적하는-자들-에게서","일어나는-자-들-에서","일어나리라"]·PT["dos-que-se-levantam","dos-que-se-levantam-contra-mim","e-o-que-se-levanta-contra-mim","se-levantando"]·RU["восстанет","и-восстающий-на-меня","от-восстающих","от-восстающих-на-меня"]·ES["de-los-que-se-levantan","de-los-que-se-levantan-contra-mí","se-levantará-contra","y-mi-adversario"]·SW["inasimama-dhidi","kutoka-wanaoasi","kutoka-wanaoniinukia","na-anayeniinukia"]·TR["ayaklananlardan-","kalkanlara-karşı-","kalkar","ve-kalkanım"]·urd["-اُٹھنے-والوں-سے","اور-اُٹھنے-والے-میرے","اُٹھے","مِن-اُٹھنے-والوں-میرے"]
▼ 11 more senses below
Senses
1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up — Basic physical rising: to get up from a seated, lying, or lower position. The narrative workhorse wayyaqom ('and he arose') appears constantly. Genesis 22:3 has Abraham rising early to sacrifice Isaac. Genesis 4:8 recounts Cain rising against Abel—the verb of motion preceding violence. The imperative qum ('arise!') summons to action across prophetic and historical texts. Cross-linguistic glosses (Spanish 'levantarse,' French 'se lever,' German 'aufstehen') cluster tightly around vertical motion. 432×
AR["فَ-قامَ","فَ-قَامَ","فَقَامَ","فَقَامَتْ","وَ-قامَ","وَ-قَامَ","وَ-قَامَتْ","وَقَامَ"]·ben["আর-উঠল","আর-সে-উঠল","এবং-উঠল","এবং-উঠলেন","ও-উঠল","ও-উঠলেন"]·DE["und-arose","und-aufstand","und-er-arose","und-erhob-sich","und-es-erhob-sich","und-machte-sich-auf","und-stand-auf"]·EN["and-arose","and-he-arose","and-rose","and-rose-up"]·FR["et-il-se-leva","et-se-leva","et-se-leva-en-haut"]·heb["ו-יקם","ו-קם"]·HI["और-उठा","और-उठी","और-उथ"]·ID["Dan-bangkitlah","Dan-bangunlah","Dan-ia-bangkit","dan-bangkit","dan-bangkitlah","dan-bangun","dan-ia-bangkit"]·IT["e-egli-arose","e-si-alzo","e-si-alzò"]·jav["Lan-Piraun-wungu","Lan-Yakub-wungu","Lan-jumeneng","Lan-ngadeg","Lan-piyambakipun-jumeneng","Lan-piyambakipun-wungu","Lan-tangi","Lan-wungu","Sarta-wungu","lan-jumeneng","lan-ngadeg","lan-piyambakipun-wungu","lan-wungu"]·KO["그리고-일어났다"]·PT["E-levantou-se","e-levantou-se"]·RU["И-встал","И-встала","и-восстал","и-встал"]·ES["Y-levantó","Y-se-levantó","y-levantó","y-se-levantó"]·SW["Na-akaamka","Na-akainuka","Na-akasimama","na-akainuka","na-akasimama","na-wakasimama","wakasimama"]·TR["Ve-kalktı","ve-kalktı"]·urd["اور-اُٹھا","اور-اُٹھی","اور-اُٹھے","اور-اٹھا","اور-اٹھی"]
2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid — Stative sense: to stand firm, to endure, to remain valid. Not the act of rising, but the state of standing. Genesis 23:17, 20 use qum for land 'standing' (being confirmed) as Abraham's possession. Leviticus uses it for valuations that 'stand' (remain in force). Arabic يَثْبُتُ (yathbutu) 'it remains/persists' and Korean '유효하다' (valid) confirm the endurance nuance—what rises and remains standing. 50×
AR["تَثبُتُ","تَثْبُتُ","تَقُومَ","تَقُومُ","يَثْبُتُ","يَقومُ","يَقُومُ"]·ben["উঠবে","উঠবেন","ওঠবে","টেকে","তা-স্থির-থাকবে","দাঁড়াবে","না","সে-উঠবে","সে-দাঁড়াবে","স্থির-হবে"]·DE["aufstehen","er-steht-auf","soll-arise","soll-aufstehen","soll-stehen","stand-auf"]·EN["can-stand","endures","it-endures","it-will-stand","shall-arise","shall-rise","shall-stand","will-rise","will-rise-up"]·FR["devra-lève-toi","devra-se-lever","devra-se-tenir","il-se-lèvera","lever","se-lever"]·heb["יקוּם","יקום","יקמו","תקום"]·HI["उठेगा","उठेगी","खड़ा-रहेगा","खड़ा-होगा","खड़ी-होंगी","खड़ी-होगी","ठहरेगी","वह-खड़ा-होगी"]·ID["akan-bangkit","akan-terjadi","bangkit","bangun","berdiri","bertahan","hendaklah-berdiri","tetap"]·IT["alzarsi","dovra-alzarsi","dovrà-alzati","si-alzera","si-alzo'","stara-in-piedi"]·jav["badhé-jumeneng","badhé-madeg","badh飖jumeneng","bakal-jumeneng","jumeneng","tetep"]·KO["그가-세울지니","서다","서리니라","서리라","일어나리라","일어나리라-그것이","일어나리이까","일어나실-것이다","일어서지-않으리니"]·PT["ficará","ficarão","levantará","permanecerá","se-levantará"]·RU["восстанет","встанет","встанут","поднимется","устоит"]·ES["se-cumplirá","se-levantará","se-mantendrá","se-mantendrá.","se-mantendrán"]·SW["atasimama","haitadumu","haitasimama","halitasimama","inuka","itasimama","kitasimama","litasimama","simama","simame","vitasimama"]·TR["ayakta-kalacak","duracak","durur","geçerli-olacak","geçerli-olacaklar","kalkacak","kalkamayacak","kalkar"]·urd["اُٹھے-گا","اٹھے-گا","قائم-رہے-گا","قائم-ہو","قائم-ہوگا","قائم-ہوں","قائم-ہوںگی","کھڑا-ہو-گا"]
3. Hifil: to raise up a person — Hifil causative: to raise up a person—deliverer, prophet, king, or enemy. Genesis 38:8 commands raising up seed for one's brother (levirate duty). Judges cycles through the LORD raising up deliverers. Amos 6:14 warns God will raise up a nation against Israel. Spanish 'levantar,' Arabic 'aqama,' and Swahili 'kuinua' all track the causative morphology: bringing someone onto the stage of history. 47×
AR["أَقَامَ","أُقيمُ","أُقِيمُ","أُقِيمُهُ","مُقيمٌ","مُقِيمٌ","وَ-أَقامَ","وَ-أَقَامَ"]·ben["আমি-উঠাব","উঠাচ্ছি","উঠাব","উঠাব-আমি","উঠিয়েছে","উঠিয়েছেন","উত্থাপন-করছি","এবং-উঠাল","এবং-উত্থাপন-করলেন","এবং-স্থাপন-করলেন","ওঠাইয়েছে"]·DE["am-erhebend","aufstehen","hat-erhob-hinauf","ich-soll-erheben-hinauf","stand-auf","und-er-raised","und-erhob-hinauf","und-raised"]·EN["Has-raised-up","I-shall-raise-up","I-will-raise-up","a-shepherd","am-raising","am-raising-up","and-he-raised","and-raised","and-raised-up","has-raised-up","it-raises"]·FR["a-éleva-en-haut","am-élevant","et-il-éleva","et-raised-en-haut","et-éleva","et-éleva-en-haut","je-devra-raise-en-haut","se-lever"]·heb["אקומם","אקים","הקים","ו-הקים","ו-יקם","מקים"]·HI["उठाउंगा-मैं","उठाऊंगा","उठाने-वाला-हूँ","उठाया","और-उठाया","और-खड़ा-किया","और-खड़े-किए","खड़ा-कर-रहा-हूँ","खड़ा-करनेवाला-हूं","खड़ा-करूँगा","खड़ा-करूँगा-मैं","खड़ा-किया-है","खद-किय","मैं-उठाता-हूँ"]·ID["Aku-akan-bangkitkan","Aku-akan-membangkitkan","Aku-akan-membangun","Dan-membangkitkanlah","Dan-mendirikan","bangkit","dan membangkitkan","dan-membangkitkanlah","dan-mendirikan","membangkitkan","mengangkat","telah-dibangkitkan"]·IT["alzarsi","am-innalzando","e-alzò-su","e-egli-innalzò","e-innalzò","e-innalzò-su","ha-innalzò-su","io-dovra-alzare-su"]·jav["Aku-badhe-ngangkat","Ingsun-badhé-nyungkuli","Kawula-ngadegaken","Lan-madegaken","Lan-ndegèkaken","dhumateng-panjenengan","kawula-badhé-ngangkat","lan-Kawula-mbangun-punika","lan-madegaken","lan-ndegèkaken","lan-ngadegaken","ngadegaken","sampun-ngadegaken","sampun-ngangkat"]·KO["그리고-세우셨다","그리고-세웠다","그리고-일으켰다","내가-일으키리라","세우리라","세우셨다","일으켜-세우도다","일으켰다","일으키는도다","일으키리라"]·PT["E-ergueu","E-levantou","Levantou","e-ergueu","e-levantou","levantando","levantarei","levantou"]·RU["Воздвиг","И-воздвиг","воздвигаю","воздвигну","восставил","восстановлю","и-воздвиг","и-поставил","поднимающий","поднял"]·ES["Ha-levantado","Y-levantó","estoy-levantando","hace-levantar","levantando","levantaré","levanto","levantó","y-levantó"]·SW["ametusimamishia","imewainua","kusimamishwa","na-Mungu-akamwinua","na-Yahwe-akamwinua","na-akaisimamisha","na-akasimamisha","na-akausimamisha","na-akawainua","ninaamsha","ninainua","ninasimamisha","nitaiinua","nitainua","nitamwinua","nitayainua","nitayasimamisha"]·TR["Ve-kurdu","kaldirdi","kaldıracağım","kaldıran","kaldırdı","kaldırıyorum","restore-edecegim","ve-kaldırdı","ve-kurdu"]·urd["اور-اُٹھایا","اور-کھڑا-کیا","اُٹھاتا-ہوں","اُٹھایا","قائم-کروں-گا","میں-اُٹھاؤں-گا","میں-کھڑا-کروں-گا","کھڑا-کر-رہا-ہوں","کھڑا-کرنے-والا-ہوں","کھڑا-کروں-گا-میں","کھڑا-کیا"]
Gen 38:8, Exod 40:2, Exod 40:18, Exod 40:18, Exod 40:33, Lev 26:1, Num 1:51, Deut 18:15, Deut 18:18, Deut 22:4, Deut 22:4, Deut 25:7 (+35 more)
4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) — Hifil causative-abstract: to establish, confirm, or uphold a covenant, kingdom, throne, or decree. Genesis 6:18 has God establishing his covenant with Noah ('establecer mi pacto'). 2 Samuel 7:12 promises David's throne will be established forever. Spanish 'establecer/confirmar,' Arabic 'يُثَبِّتُ' (yuthabbitu), and Swahili 'kuthibitisha' capture the solidifying, stabilizing force—making something stand firm. 40×
AR["أَقِمها","لِ-أُقِيمَ","لِ-تُقِيمَ","لِـ-تُقِيمَ","لِيُقِيمَ","وَ-أُقيمُ","وَ-أُقِيمُ","وَأُقِيمُ","يُقِيمَ","يُقِيمُ"]·ben["আর-আমি-পূর্ণ-করব","আর-প্রতিষ্ঠিত-করব","আর-স্থাপন-করব","আর-স্থির-করব-আমি","উঠাতে","এবং-আমি-স্থাপন-করব","এবং-স্থাপন-করব","ও-স্থাপন-করব","প্রতিষ্ঠা-করতে","স্থাপন-করুন","স্থাপন-করেন","স্থির-কর","স্থির-করুন"]·DE["aufstehen","er-moege-gruenden","gruende","moege-gruende","stand-auf","und-aufrichten","und-aufstehen","und-ich-richte-auf","und-ich-will-aufrichten","zu-erhebe-hinauf"]·EN["and-I-will-establish","establish","he-may-establish","may-establish","to-raise-up"]·FR["et-Je---établir","et-se-lever","il-pourra-établir","peut-établis","se-lever","à-lever-en-haut","à-élève-en-haut","établis"]·heb["הקים","הקם","ו-הקימותי","ו-קם","יקם","ל-הקים"]·HI["उठाने-को","और-खड़ा-करूँगा","और-पूरा-करूंगा","और-मैन-स्थपित-करुनग","और-स्थापित-करूँगा-मैं","और-स्थापित-करूनगा","और-स्थिर-करूँगा","खड़ा-कर","खड़ा-करने","खड़ा-करने-के-लिए","तो-स्थापित-करूँगा","स्थापित-करे","स्थिर-करे"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-menegakkan","Dan-akan-Kuteguhkan","Tetapi-akan-Kuteguhkan","dan-Aku-akan-menegakkan","dan-Aku-akan-meneguhkan","dan-Aku-akan-menggenapi","dan-Aku-meneguhkan","kiranya-TUHAN-menetapkan","kiranya-menegakkan","maka-Aku-akan-menegakkan","meneguhkan","teguhkanlah","untuk-membangkitkan","untuk-menegakkan"]·IT["a-alzare-su","a-innalza-su","alzarsi","e-alzarsi","e-io-will-stabilire","egli-possa-stabilire","possa-stabilisci","stabilisci"]·jav["Lan-Aku-badhé-netepaken","Lan-Kawula-badhé-nindakaken","Lan-Kula-badhé-ngesahaken","kangge-ngadegaken","lan-Aku-badhe-ngadegaken","lan-Aku-badhé-netepaken","lan-Kawula-badhé-negakaken","lan-Kawula-badhé-netepaken","lan-Kula-badhe-mapanaken","lan-Kula-badhé-ngesahaken","mugi-netepaken","mugi-ngadegaken","negakaken","netepna","supados-ndegaken"]·KO["그러면-세울-것이다","그리고-내가-세우리라","그리고-내가-이루리라","그리고-세우겠다","그리고-세우리라","세우기-위해","세우려-함이니","세우려고-","세우소서","세우시기-위해","세우시기를"]·PT["Confirme","E-estabelecerei","confirma","confirmar","confirme","e-confirmarei","e-cumprirei","e-estabelecerei","para-levantar"]·RU["И-установлю","восставить","восстановить","да-утвердит","и-исполню","и-поставлю","и-установлю","и-утвержу-Я","исполнить","пусть-исполнит","утверди","чтобы-восстановить"]·ES["Confirme","Y-estableceré","confirma","confirmar","cumpla","para-levantar","y-cumpliré","y-estableceré"]·SW["Na-nitaimarisha","Na-nitasimamisha","alisimamishe","atimize","kuinua","kuisimamisha","kusimamisha","kuthibitisha","limarisha","na-nitaisimamisha","na-nitakisimamisha","na-nitalisimamisha","na-nitasimamisha","na-nitatimiza"]·TR["Ve-kaldıracağım","Ve-kuracağım","dikmek-için","kaldirmak-icin-","kaldırmak-için","kalsın","pekiştirsin","ve-kuracağım","ve-yerine-getireceğim","yerine-getir","yerine-getirsin"]·urd["اور-قائم-کروں-گا","اور-مَیں-قائم-کروں-گا","اور-پورا-کروں-گا","تو-قائم-کروں-گا","قائم-کر","قائم-کرنے-کو","قائم-کرنے-کے-لیے","قائم-کرے","پورا-کرے","کھڑا-کرنے-کے-لیے"]
5. Hifil: to set up, erect (physical object) — Hifil for physically erecting structures: setting up pillars, altars, the Tabernacle. Exodus 40:2, 18 command Moses to 'set up' the Tabernacle, repeated in the execution narrative. Numbers 7:1 marks the day Moses 'erected' the Tabernacle. Deuteronomy 27:2 orders setting up large plastered stones. Spanish 'erigir,' Arabic 'aqama,' and Swahili 'kusimamisha' confirm the concrete construction sense—making a physical object stand upright. 19×
AR["أقامَ","أقامَها","أَقَامُوا","أَقِمْ","إِقَامَةِ","لِ-إِقَامَةِ","وَ-أَقاموا","وَ-أَقَامَ","وَ-أَقَامُوا","وَ-تُقيمُ","وَ-سَامَ","وَأَقامَ","وَأَقَامَ","وَتُقِيمُ"]·ben["অতাহ","এবং-তারা-স্থাপন-করল","এবং-তিনি-স্থাপন-করলেন","এবং-তুমি-স্থাপন-করবে","এবং-সে-স্থাপন-করল","এবং-স্থাপন-করত","এবং-স্থাপন-করবে","এবং-স্থাপন-করল","এবং-স্থাপন-করলেন","ও-স্থাপন-করলেন","নির্মাণ-কর","স্থাপন-করতে","স্থাপন-করলেন","স্থাপন-করা"]·DE["erect","erecting","setting","setzen-hinauf","und-du-setzen-hinauf","und-du-soll-aufrichten","und-er-erected","und-er-erhob-hinauf","und-er-setzte-hinauf","und-erhob","und-setzen-hinauf","und-setzen-hinauf-es","und-sie-erected","und-stand-auf","zu-erect"]·EN["and-He-set","and-he-erected","and-he-raised-up","and-he-set-up","and-raised","and-set-up","and-set-up-it","and-they-erected","and-you-set-up","and-you-shall-erect","erect","erecting","set-up","setting","to-erect"]·FR["coucher","erecting","et-il-plaça-en-haut","et-il-éleva-en-haut","et-il-érigea","et-ils-erected","et-placer-en-haut","et-placer-en-haut-il","et-raised","et-se-lever","et-tu---dresser","et-tu-placer-en-haut","placer-en-haut","à-erect","érige"]·heb["הקים","הקם","ו-הקים","ו-הקימה","ו-הקימו","ו-הקמות","ו-הקמת","ו-יקם","ל-הקים"]·HI["और-खड़ा-करो","और-खड़ा-किया","और-खड़ा-किया-उसको","और-तुम-खड़े-करोगे","खड़ा-करने","खड़ा-करने-को","खड़ा-किया","खड़ा-किया-गया","खड़ी-कर"]·ID["Dan-engkau mendirikan","Dan-mendirikan","bangkitkan","dan-ia-mendirikan","dan-mendirikan","dan-mendirikanlah","dan-mendirikannya","dan-mereka-mendirikan","didirikan","dirikanlah","maka-dirikanlah","mendirikan"]·IT["a-erect","e-alzò","e-egli-eresse","e-egli-innalzò-su","e-egli-pose-su","e-essi-erected","e-porre-su","e-porre-su-esso","e-si-alzo'","e-tu-porre-su","e-tu-shall-erigere","erect","erecting","eresse","setting"]·jav["Lan-ngadegaken","Sarta-panjenengan-badhé-negakaken","dipun-degaken","kangge-ndegaken","lan-Panjenenganipun-negakaken","lan-dadosna","lan-negakaken","lan-ngadegaken","lan-njumenengaken","lan-piyambakipun-masang","misbèah","ngadeg","ngadegaken"]·KO["그리고-그가-세웠다","그리고-세우라","그리고-세우셨도다","그리고-세울지니","그리고-세웠다","그리고-세웠다-그것을","세우기-위하여","세우다","세우라","세운","세웠다"]·PT["E-levantaram","E-levantarás","E-levantou","de-levantar","e-erguerás","e-firmou","e-levantaram","e-levantou","e-levantou-a","erige","erigiu","levantar","¶ E-ergueram","¶ E-levantou"]·RU["И-воздвигли","И-воздвигни","И-поставили","воздвигни","и-воздвигли","и-поставил","и-поставил-его","и-поставили","и-установишь","поставил","поставить","поставления","чтобы-поставить"]·ES["Y-erigió","Y-levantaron","Y-levantarás","Y-levantó","de-levantar","levanta","levantar","levantó","y-erigió","y-la-erigió","y-levantaron","y-levantarás","y-levantó","y-puso"]·SW["Na-akasimamisha","Na-wakasimamisha","aliweka","kusimamisha","na-akaiita","na-akalisimamisha","na-akasimamisha","na-ujenga","na-utasimamisha","na-wakasimamisha","na-waliisimamisha","nguzo","walikuwa-wamewaweka"]·TR["-için-dikmek","Ve-dikeceksin","Ve-diktiler","dik","dikilmesi","dikti","uyandırmışlardı","ve-dikeceksin","ve-dikti","ve-diktiler","ve-koydu"]·urd["اور-قائم-کیا","اور-کھڑا کیا","اور-کھڑا-کر","اور-کھڑا-کرتے","اور-کھڑا-کرو","اور-کھڑا-کیا","اور-کھڑا-کیا-اُسے","اور-کھڑی-کی","اور-کھڑی-کیا","قائم-کرنے","کھڑا-کر","کھڑا-کرنے","کھڑا-کرنے-کو","کھڑے-کیے"]
Exod 26:30, Num 7:1, Num 9:15, Num 10:21, Deut 27:2, Josh 4:9, Josh 4:20, Josh 7:26, Josh 8:29, Josh 24:26, Judg 7:19, Judg 18:30 (+7 more)
6. Qal: to rise up against, oppose — Qal hostile sense: to rise up against, to oppose. Typically in participial constructions with pronominal suffixes: qamay ('those rising against me'). Exodus 15:7 celebrates God overthrowing 'those who rose against you.' Psalm 18:48 thanks God for deliverance from 'those who rise up against me.' Arabic and Swahili glosses shift to 'enemy/opponent' vocabulary, confirming the adversarial stance—standing up in opposition. 13×
AR["القائِمينَ-عَلَيْنا","الْقَائِمِينَ","الْقَائِمِينَ-عَلَيَّ","بَينَ-قائِميهِم","قائِميكَ","قَائِمِيهِ","مُقَاوِمِيكَ","وَمِنَ-الْقَائِمِينَ-عَلَيَّ"]·ben["এবং-যারা-উঠেছে-আমার-বিরুদ্ধে","ওঠা","তাদের-শত্রুদের-কাছে।","তোমার-বিরুদ্ধে-দাঁড়ানোদের","বিপক্ষদের-আমাদের","যারা-উঠছে","যারা-উঠে-দাঁড়ায়","যারা-উঠেছে-আমার-বিরুদ্ধে","যারা-ওঠে","যারা-ওঠে-আমার-বিরুদ্ধে","যারা-ওঠে-তোমার-বিরুদ্ধে","সেই-উঠতে"]·DE["auf-stand-auf","der-die-aufsteigend","der-rising","jene-aufsteigend-gegen-mich","jene-rising-gegen-Du","jene-rising-gegen-ihn","stand-auf","und-von-jene-aufsteigend-gegen-mich","unter-ihr-enemies"]·EN["among-their-enemies","and-from-those-rising-against-me","of-those-rising-against-me","on-those-who-rise","the-ones-rising","the-rising","those-rising-against-You","those-rising-against-him","those-rising-against-me","those-rising-against-us","those-who-rise-against-You"]·FR["ces-rising-contre-Tu","ces-rising-contre-lui","ceux-là-se-levant-contre-moi","dans-se-lever","et-de-ceux-là-se-levant-contre-moi","le-ceux-se-levant","le-rising","parmi-leur-enemies","se-lever"]·heb["ב-קמיהם","ב-קמים","ה-קמים","ו-מ-קמי","קמי","קמיו","קמיי","קמיך","קמינ-ו"]·HI["अपने-शत्रुओं-में","उठने-वालों","उठनेवालों","उठनेवालों-को-मुझ-पर","उठनेवालों-मुझ-पर","उठनेवालों-हमारे-विरुद्ध-को","उसके-उठनेवालों-की","और-मेरे-विरोधियों-से","में-उठने-वालों","मेरे-विरोधियों-के","मेरे-विरोधियों-को","विरोधियों-तेरे"]·ID["dan-dari-yang-bangkit-melawanku","di-antara-musuh-musuh-mereka","orang-yang-bangkit-melawan-Mu","yang-bangkit","yang-bangkit-melawan-Mu","yang-bangkit-melawanku","yang-bangkit-melawannya"]·IT["alzarsi","e-da-quelli-alzandosi-contro-me","fra-loro-nemici","il-quelli-alzandosi","il-rising","quelli-alzandosi-contro-me","quelli-rising-contro-Tu","quelli-rising-contro-lui","si-alzo'"]·jav["ingkang-jumeneng","ingkang-mungsuh-kawula","ingkang-nglawan-Panjenengan","ingkang-tangi","ingkang-tangi-nglawan-kita","ingkang-tangi-nglawan-kula","lan-saking-ingkang-mungsuh-kula","mengsah-kula","mengsah-mengsahipun.","tiyang-ingkang-mingsed","tiyang-ingkang-nglawan-Panjenengan","tiyang-tiyang-ingkang-tangi"]·KO["그들의-적들-가운데에서","그리고-에서-나에게-일어나는-자들","나-에게-대항하는-자들-의","나에게-일어나는-자들을","당신-에게-일어나는-자들-의","우리-에게-일어나는-자들-을","일어나는-자-들-을","일어나는-자들","일어나는-자들-에게서","일어나는-자들-을","일어나는-자들의","일어난-자들을","주께-대적하여-일어나는-자들을"]·PT["dos-que-se-levantam","dos-que-se-levantam-contra-ti","e-de-os-que-se-levantam-contra-mim","entre-inimigos-deles","os-que-se-levantam","os-que-se-levantam-contra-ele","os-que-se-levantam-contra-mim","os-que-se-levantam-contra-nós","que-se-levantam-contra-mim","teus-adversários;"]·RU["восстающими-на-меня","восстающих","восстающих-на-Тебя","восстающих-на-меня","восстающих-на-нас","восстающих-на-него","и-над-восстающими-на-меня","на-восстающих","среди-врагов-их"]·ES["a-los-que-se-levantan","a-los-que-se-levantan-contra-mí","a-los-que-se-levantan-contra-nosotros","a-tus-adversarios","entre-sus-enemigos","los-que-se-levantan","los-que-se-levantan-contra-mí","los-que-se-levantan-contra-ti","los-que-se-levantan-contra-él","y-de-los-que-se-levantan-contra-mí"]·SW["kati-ya-adui-zao","na-juu-ya-walioninuka","walioninuka","wanaoinuka","wanaokupinga","wanaomwasi","wanaoniinukia","wanaonipinga","wanaonisimama","wanaosimama-dhidi-yetu","ya-wanaokuinukia"]·TR["bana-karşı-kalkanlar-hakkında","düşmanları-arasında","kalkanlara-bize","kalkanları","kalkanlarımdan","kalkanlarımı","kalkanların","kalkanların-bana","kalkanlarını","kalkanlarının","karşı-gelenlerinin","ve-kalkanlarımdan"]·urd["اس-کے-اٹھنے-والوں-کی","اور-میرے-اُٹھنے-والوں-سے","اُن-کے-دشمنوں-میں","اُٹھنے-والوں-میرے-خلاف","اُٹھنے-والوں-کو-میرے-خلاف","اٹھنے-والوں-کا-تیرے-خلاف","اٹھنے-والے","جو-اُٹھیں","دشمنوں-کے","مخالفوں-تیرے","میرے-اُٹھنے-والوں-کو","میرے-خلاف-اُٹھنے-والوں","ہمارے-خلاف-اُٹھنے-والوں-کو"]
Exod 15:7, Exod 32:25, Deut 28:7, Deut 33:11, 2 Sam 22:40, 2 Sam 22:49, 2 Kgs 16:7, Ps 18:39, Ps 18:48, Ps 44:5, Ps 74:23, Ps 92:11 (+1 more)
7. Hifil: to fulfill (a promise/word/oath) — Hifil emphasizing fulfillment: to fulfill a promise, word, or oath. Genesis 9:17 marks God's covenant 'which I have established' (he cumplido). Numbers 23:19 asks rhetorically whether God speaks and does not fulfill ('no lo cumplirá'). 1 Samuel 15:11 laments Saul's failure to fulfill God's word. Spanish 'cumplir' and Portuguese 'cumprir' zero in on the realization of spoken commitment—making a word stand realized. 8×
AR["أَقَامَ","أَقَمْتُ","أَقَمْتُهُ","ثَبَّتَ","وَ-أَقَامَ","يُثَبِّتُهُ","يُقِيمَ"]·ben["আমি-পালন-করেছি","এবং-স্থাপন-করলেন","পালন-করেছে","পূর্ণ-করবেন-তা","স্থাপন-করতে","স্থাপন-করেছি","স্থাপন-করেছিলাম","স্থির-করেছে"]·DE["He-koennte-gruende","er-bestaetigte","er-fulfilled","ich-aufgerichtet-habe","ich-fulfilled","ich-gruendete","und-er-gruendete","wird-gruenden-es"]·EN["He-might-establish","I-established","I-fulfilled","and-he-established","he-confirmed","he-fulfilled","will-establish-it"]·FR["Il-pourrait-établis","Je-établit","et-il-établit","fera-établir-cela","il-accompli","il-confirma","je-accompli"]·heb["הָקִים","הקים","הקימותי","ו-הקים","יקימנה","קם"]·HI["उस्ने-पोओरे-किये","और-पूरा-किया","पूरा-करे","मैंने-स्थापित-की","मैने-पोओर-किय","मैने-स्थापित-किया","स्थिर-किए"]·ID["Aku-menegakkan","Aku-telah-melaksanakan","dan-ia-meneguhkan","ia-tegakkan","menegakkan","menetapkan","menguatkan","telah-Kuteguhkan"]·IT["He-potrebbe-stabilisci","e-egli-stabilì","egli-adempì","egli-confermo","fara-stabilire-esso","io-adempì","io-stabilì"]·jav["Kula-sampun-mapanaken","Kula-sampun-ndegaken","badhe-dipun-jumenengaken","kawula-sampun-netepi","lan-netepi","netepi","piyambakipun-sampun-netepi","sampun-netepaken"]·KO["그리고-세우셨다","내가-세웠다","세우기-위해","세웠다","이루시겠는가-그것을"]·PT["E-cumpriu","confirmou","cumpri","cumpriu","estabelecesse","estabeleci","o-confirmará"]·RU["и-исполнил","исполнил","исполнил-я","исполнит","исполнить","поставил-Я","установил-Я","утвердил"]·ES["He-cumplido","Y-cumplió","confirmó","cumplir","cumplió","establecí","lo-cumplirá"]·SW["Na-Yahwe-amesimamisha","ametimiza","amevithibitisha","atimize","kuitimiza","nimelimarisha","nimeliweka","nimetimiza"]·TR["gerçekleştirir-onu","kurdum","onayladı","ve-kaldırdı","yerine-getirdi","yerine-getirdim","yerine-getirmek"]·urd["اور-قائم-کیا","قائم-کرے","قائم-کیا","قائم-کیا-میں-نے","پورا-کرے-گا-اُسے","پورا-کیا","پورا-کیا-میں-نے"]
8. Piel: to confirm, establish, fulfill — Piel intensive: to confirm, establish, or fulfill with thoroughness. Ruth 4:7 explains the custom 'to confirm' (confirmar) any transaction. Esther 9:21, 29, 31 describe establishing Purim as a festival. Psalm 119:28 pleads 'strengthen me according to your word.' The Piel's intensive force suggests deliberate, effortful confirmation—not passive standing but active upholding. 7×
AR["أَقِمْنِي","لِ-إِثْبَاتِ","لِإِتْمَامِ","لِ‒تُثَبِّتَ","لِ‒يُثَبِّتُوا","وَ-سَأُفِي"]·ben["-স্থাপন-করতে","ও-আমি-স্থির-করেছি","নিশ্চিত-করতে","স্থির-কর","স্থির-করতে"]·DE["aufstehen","stand-auf","und-stand-auf"]·EN["and-I-confirm","strengthen-me","to-confirm","to-establish"]·FR["et-se-lever","se-lever","à-confirmer"]·heb["ו-אקיימה","ל-קיים","ל-קם","קיימני"]·HI["को-पूरा-होने","दृढ़-करने","पुष्टि करने","स्थापित करने"]·ID["dan-aku-meneguhkan","teguhkanlah-aku","untuk-menetapkan","untuk-menggenapi"]·IT["a-confirm","alzarsi","e-si-alzo'","si-alzo'"]·jav["Kanggé-netepaken","kangge-netepaken","kanggé-netepaken","lan-kula-netepi","ngadegna-kula","supados-dipunkiyataken"]·KO["그리고-지키리라","세우도록","세우소서-나-를","이루기를-","확정하기-위해"]·PT["e-cumprirei","fortalece-me","para-confirmar"]·RU["Установить","Утвердить","и-утвердил-я","укрепи-меня","утвердить"]·ES["Para-confirmar","Para-establecer","hacer-cumplir","levántame","para-confirmar","y-confirmaré"]·SW["kuthibitisha","kuwaamuru","na-kuthibitisha","niimarishe"]·TR["güçlendir-beni","karar-kılmak-için-","onaylamak-için","onaylamak-için-","ve-beklediler","ve-yerine-getireceğim"]·urd["اور-پورا-کروں-گا","قائم-کرنا","مضبوط-کر-مجھے","پوری-ہونے-کی","پکا-کرنے-کو"]
10. Hofal: to be raised up, be established — Hofal passive of Hifil: to be raised up, to be established by an external agent. Exodus 40:17 notes the day the Tabernacle 'was set up' (fue levantado). 2 Samuel 23:1 describes David as 'raised on high' (exaltado). Jeremiah 35:14 observes that Jonadab's command 'is established' (fue levantado). The passive morphology signals that another party effects the raising or establishing. 3×
AR["أُقِيمَ","أُقِيمَتْ","الْمُقَامِ"]·ben["পালিত-হয়েছে","যে-উন্নত-হয়েছিলেন","স্থাপিত-হল"]·DE["aufstehen","erhob-hinauf","war-raised"]·EN["established","raised-up","was-raised"]·FR["se-lever","éleva-en-haut","était-éleva"]·heb["הוקם"]·HI["उठाया-गया","खड़ा-किया-गया","पूरा-किया-गया"]·ID["didirikan","ditegakkan","ditinggikan"]·IT["alzarsi","fu-innalzò","innalzò-su"]·jav["Dipun-tetepaken","dipun-inggahaken","dipundegèkaken"]·KO["세움-받은","세워졌다"]·PT["Foram-cumpridas","foi-erguido","levantado"]·RU["был-воздвигнут","возвышенного","исполнены"]·ES["Fueron-cumplidas","exaltado","fue-levantado"]·SW["Yametimizwa","aliyeinuliwa","ilisimamishwa"]·TR["Yerine-getirildi","kuruldu","yükseltilmiş"]·urd["اٹھایا-گیا","قائم-رکھے-گئے","کھڑا-کیا-گیا"]
11. Qal: to stand still, congeal — Qal specialized physical sense: to stand still, to congeal. Exodus 15:8 celebrates the sea waters that 'stood' in a heap (estaban fijos). 1 Samuel 4:15, 1 Kings 14:4 describe Eli's and Ahijah's eyes as 'set' (fixed, rigid)—no longer moving. Arabic uses جَمُدَ (jamuda) 'to congeal/solidify,' confirming a shift from motion to motionless standing. 2×
AR["جَامِدَتَانِ","جَمُدَتْ"]·ben["অচল","শক্তিহীন-হয়েছিল"]·DE["stand","stand-noch"]·EN["stood","stood-still"]·FR["se-tint","se-tint-encore"]·heb["קמה","קמו"]·HI["खड़ी-हो-गई-थीं","धुंधली-हो-गई-थीं"]·ID["berdiri","telah-kabur"]·IT["stette","stette-ancora"]·jav["kaku","wuta"]·KO["굳어져","굳었다"]·PT["ficaram-fixos","fixos"]·RU["ослепли","остановились"]·ES["estaban-fijos","fijos"]·SW["yalisimama"]·TR["donmuştu","donuklaşmıştı"]·urd["جم-گئی-تھیں"]
12. Hifil: to rouse, stir up from inactivity — Hifil causative: to rouse, to stir up from sleep or inactivity. Genesis 49:9, Numbers 24:9 use the metaphor of rousing a lion—who dares wake him? Spanish 'despertar' (to awaken) and Arabic 'yunhiduhu' (rouse him) clarify the sense: causing someone to rise from rest or dormancy, a specialized causative of awakening. 2×
AR["يُقِيمُهُ","يُنْهِضُهُ"]·ben["তাকে-জাগাবে"]·DE["wagt-ihn-aufzuscheuchen","wird-rouse-ihn"]·EN["rouses-him","will-rouse-him"]·FR["fera-rouse-lui","rouses-lui"]·heb["יקימנו","קם"]·HI["उठाएगा-उसे","जगाएगा-उसे"]·ID["akan-membangunkannya","membangunkannya"]·IT["fara-rouse-lui","rouses-lui"]·jav["badhe-nggugah-piyambakipun","ngundang-piyambakipun"]·KO["그를-일으키리이냐","일으키겠는가-그를"]·PT["o-levantará"]·RU["поднимет-его"]·ES["lo-despertará","lo-levantará"]·SW["atamwamsha","itakuamuka"]·TR["kaldıracak-onu","kaldırır-onu"]·urd["اُٹھائے-گا-اُسے","اٹھائے-گا-اسے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
קוּם628 vb. arise, stand up, stand;—(NH in der. spec. and deriv.; Ph. Hiph. Pt. and מקם place; Arabic قَامَ (و) stand, rise, Ethiopic ቆመ: stand, stop; Sab. מקם, place, HomChrest. 127; Aramaic קוּם, ܩܳܡ = BH, so Old Aramaic Nab. קום; Palm. Aph. אקים erect statue; cf. prob. Assyrian Kumu (k = כ), place, dwelling, kum, kêmu, in place of, and perhaps kaiamânu, enduring, constant (v. כִּיּוּן); Thes…