Standing and Establishing

קוּם628 vb. arise, stand up, stand;—(NH in der. spec. and deriv.; Ph. Hiph. Pt. and מקם place; Arabic قَامَ (و) stand, rise, Ethiopic ቆመ: stand, stop; Sab. מקם, place, HomChrest. 127; Aramaic קוּם, ܩܳܡ = BH, so Old Aramaic Nab. קום; Palm. Aph. אקים erect statue; cf. prob. Assyrian Kumu (k = כ), place, dwelling, kum, kêmu, in place of, and perhaps kaiamânu, enduring, constant (v. כִּיּוּן); Thes cp. also Sam. ࠒࠏࠌ, live, cf. especially 𝔗 Pa.);— Qal460 Pf. 3 ms. קָם 1 S 17:48 +, וְקָאם consec. Ho 10:14 (Ges§ 72 p); 2 ms. קַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָקוּם Ex 21:19, juss. יָקֻם Gn 27:31, (לָ֑ךְ) וְיָ֫קָם Jb 22:28 (Ges§ 109 h Dr§ 152(3)); וַיָּ֫קָם Gn 4:8 +, etc.; Imv. ms. קוּם Gn 13:17 +, fpl. קֹמְנָה Is 32:9, etc.; Inf. abs. קוֹם Je 44:29; cstr. קוּם Am 5:2 +, etc.; Pt. fs. קָמָה Mi 7:6; mpl. קָמִים 2 S 18:31 +, הַקּוֹמִים 2 K 16:17 (Ges§ 72 p), etc.;— 1. arise: מִתַּחְתָּיו Ex 10:23 (E). Specif.: a. after lying down (sleep, sickness, mourning, etc.), 1 S 3:6, 8; 2 S 12:21; Ex 21:19; Gn 19:33, 35; 31:17; Ru 3:14; Ec 12:4 + 50 times; from lying dead, וַיָּקָם עַל־רַגְלָיו 2 K 13:21, cf. Jb 14:12 Is 26:14, 19 ψ 88:11; after falling Am 5:2; 8:14; Je 8:4; 25:27 + 4 times (chiefly fig.); after being smitten, wounded, etc. ψ 18:39 ‖ 2 S 22:39, Is 27:9 (of Asherim, etc.), 43:17 + 4 times; from sitting, reclining, especially at meals Gn 25:34; 1 S 1:9; 20:34 (מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; v 25 see קָדַם), Est 7:7 (+ אֶל in constr. praegn.), but also Ju 3:20 (מֵעַל), 2 S 2:14(×2), 15, Jon 3:6 (מִכִּסְאוֹ), + 11 times, + (arise = stand up, in respect), Gn 19:1 (+ לִקְרָאתָם), 31:35 (מִפָּנֶיךָ), Lv 19:32 (מִפְּנֵי), Is 49:7; Jb 29:8; + וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ 2 K 2:19, cf. Gn 23:7; Ex 33:10; 1 S 20:41; 25:41;—(v. also e); from kneeling (מִן, + מִלִּפְנֵי loc.) 1 K 8:54, from obeisance 1 S 25:42; Est 8:4; from bending over (עַל) dead Gn 23:3 (P). b. out of (מִן) a condition, state, Ezr 9:5. c. of bear rising עַל pers., 1 S 17:35. d. arise (+ stand) Ex 33:8 ψ 20:9 (fig. of success, prosperity), Jb 24:22 (id.), +; of sheaf Gn 37:7; of waters Jos 3:16 (נֵד־אֶחָד). e. constr. praegn. arise (and stand) for a purpose Nu 11:32 (E); over, עַל pers., 2 S 12:17. f. arise as prelim. to formal speech Ju 20:8; Mi 6:1; Je 1:17; 1 Ch 28:2 (עַל־רַגְלָיו), Pr 31:28; Jb 30:28 + 5 times; to testify (against) Dt 19:15, 16 (both ב pers.), ψ 27:12; 35:11, cf. also וַיָּקָם בִּי Jb 16:8 (of כַּחַשׁ q.v.; Bu כַּעַשׂ); to vindicate Jb 19:25 (עַל־עָפָר); to read aloud Ne 9:3 (עַל־עָמְדָם); to bless people 2 Ch 30:27 (priests). g. to listen to God’s word Nu 23:18; Is 32:9; to praise God 2 Ch 20:19; Ne 9:4, 5. h. of noise, tumult Ho 10:14; of light Jb 25:3 (עַל pers.). 2. arise, in hostile sense (often with idea of suddenness); c. עַל pers. Dt 19:11 (out of ambush), 22:26; Ju 9:18; 20:5 ψ 27:3 (of war), Ob 1 (לַמִּלְחָמָה), + 11 times, + Jb 30:12 (according to Bu, reading עָלַי for עַל־יָמִין), + (of י׳) Am 7:9 (ב instr.), Is 14:22; 31:2; c. אֶל pers. Gn 4:8; 1 S 22:13; 24:8 (Gi v 7); c. ב pers. Mi 7:6 ψ 27:12 (false witness), Mi 7:6; c. עִם pers. ψ 94:16 (‖ יִתְיַצֵּב); v. especially pt. c. sf. = those rising up against me (thee, etc.) Ex 15:7; 32:25; Dt 33:11 + 8 times + ψ 109:28 (read קָמַי יֵבשׁוּ 𝔊 𝔙 Bae We Du, cf. Hup Dr); c. מִן from, out of Jos 8:7, 19 Ju 9:35, 43; 20:33; = revolt Nu 16:2 (לִפְנֵי pers.), 2 K 12:21; 2 Ch 13:6, cf. Hb 2:7. 3. arise, abs., = become powerful Pr 28:12, 28. 4. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet, king Ju 5:7(×2); 10:1, 3 Dt 13:2; 34:10; Ex 1:8; 2 K 23:25; of years of famine Gn 41:30; c. אַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 29:21; Ju 2:10 1 K 3:12; c. תַּחַת, in place of, 1 K 8:20 = 2 Ch 6:10; Nu 32:14; c. עַל־מַמְלֶכֶת 2 Ch 21:4; c. מִן Nu 24:17 (sceptre out of Isr.); of calamity, Na 1:9; Pr 24:22; מִצָּהֳרַיִם יָקוּם הָ֑לֶד Jb 11:17 i.e. to shine upon thee. 5. arise for, i.e. to become, c. ל rei; בְּיוֹם קוּמִי לְעַד Zp 3:8 (read לְעֵד, for a witness, 𝔊 𝔖 We Now GASm cf. Da); הֶחָמָס קָם לְמַטֵּה־רֶשַׁע Ez 7:11 (but dub.; Co Berthol Krae קָמֵל). 6. a. arise for action, especially of י׳ arising [from his throne], + inf. Is 2:19, 21; for judgment ψ 76:10 (לַמִּשְׁפָּט), Jb 31:14; often Imv. Nu 10:35 Je 2:27 ψ 3:8 + 8 times ψψ + 2 Ch 6:41 (c. לְנוּחֶ֑ךָ), ψ 132:8 (c. לִמְנוּחָתֶ֑ךָ); Impf. Is 28:21 + 4 times; Imv. also of men, arise! up! i.e. act! Ju 4:14 Ezr 10:4, of idols Je 2:28; Impf. of the tongue (personified) Is 54:17 (אִתָּךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּט). b. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed Gn 21:18; Ex 32:1; Ju 5:12; 8:20, 21; Je 49:14 (לַמִּלְחָמָה), Ob 1 (קוּמוּ וְנָקוּמָה עָלֶיהָ לַמִּלְחָמָה), + 37 times c. especially arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere, Gn 13:17; 19:14, 15; 1 S 9:3 Jon 1:3 (in flight), 3:3 + 110 times 7. stand: especially fig. a. = maintain oneself Jos 7:12, 13 (JE; לִפְנֵי pers.), Am 7:2, 5 Na 1:6 La 1:14 ψ 1:5; 24:3; Jb 41:18 (of sword), of courage (רוּח) Jos 2:11 (D; בְּאִישׁ, + לִפְנֵי pers.). b. = be established, confirmed, of kingdom 1 S 24:21 (בְּיָֽדְךָ; Gi v 20); of purchase Lv 27:19, c. ל pers. be assured to 25:30 Gn 23:17, 20 (all P). c. stand, endure 1 S 13:14 Jb 8:15 (‖ עָמַד), 15:29. d. = be fixed, of price, Lv 27:14, 17. e. = be valid, of vows, Nu 30:5(×2) + 6 times Nu 30 + v 10 (c. עַל pers.; all P). f. = be proven Dt 19:15. g. = be fulfilled Je 44:29 (impf. + inf. abs.; עַל pers.), Jb 22:28 (ל pers.); of י׳’s purpose Je 51:29 (עַל pers.), Is 14:24 Pr 19:21, cf. Je 44:28; Is 40:8; 46:10; of human plans, succeed Is 7:7; 8:10; 28:18; Pr 15:22. h. persist, עַל־נְדִיבוֹת יָקוּם Is 32:8 lit. on noble things doth he take his stand. i. יָקוּם עַל־שֵׁם אָחִיו Dt 25:6 he shall stand upon the name of his dead brother, represent him. j. of eyes, = be set, fixed, without vision 1 S 4:15 1 K 14:4 (עַיִן 1 i). †Pi. Pf. 3 ms. קִיַּם Est 9:31, 32; 3 pl. קִיְּמוּ v 27, 31; Impf. 1 s. וָאֲקַיֵּמָ֑ה ψ 119:106; Imv. ms. sf. קַיְּמֵנִי v 28; inf. cstr. לְקַיִּם Ez 13:6 +;—late (Aramaic): 1. fulfil, Ez 13:6 ψ 119:106. 2. a. confirm, ratify, Ru 4:7. b. confirm, establish, of י׳ ψ 119:28 (c. sf. acc.). c. impose, an obligation, עַל pers. Est 9:21, 31b, עַל reflex. v 27, 31 c; c. acc. rei v 29, 31 a. 32. †Pōʿl. raise up: Impf. 2 ms. תְּקוֹמֵם Is 58:12; 1 s. אֲקוֹמֵם 44:26; 3 mpl. יְקוֹמֵ֑מוּ 61:4 (all of rebuilding);—יְקוֹמֵם Mi 2:8, read תָּקוּמוּ We Now, or קָמִים GASm Buhl. †Hithpōʿl. raise oneself, = rise up: Pt. fs. מִתְקוֹמָמָה Jb 20:27 (לְ pers. against); ms. sf. -מְמִי 27:7 one rising up against me (‖ אֹיְבִי); pl. abs. -מְמִים ψ 17:7; sf. -מְמַי 59:2; v. also 139:21, reading וּבְמִתְקוֹמְמֶיךָ (for MT וּבִתְק׳; ‖ מְשַׂנְאֶיךָ); see also קוט. Hiph.146 Pf. 3 ms. הֵקִים Jos 4:9 +; 2 ms. וַהֲקֵמֹתָ֫ Ex 26:30; Dt 27:2; 1 s. הֲקִימֹתִי 1 S 15:13, הֲקִמֹתִי Gn 9:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָקִים Dt 18:15 +; juss. יָקֵם 1 S 1:23 +; וַיָּ֫קֶם Ju 2:16 +; 2 fpl. תָּקִ֫ימְנָה Je 44:25, etc.; Imv. ms. הָקֵם 2 S 7:25 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָקֵים Je 44:25, הָקֵם Dt 22:4 Ju 7:19; cstr. הָקִים 2 S 3:10 +, etc.; Pt. מֵקִים Am 6:14 +, etc.;— †1. cause to arise, raise: a. the prostrate (acc. pers. vel rei) 2 S 12:17 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), Dt 22:4 (הָקֵם תָּקִים עִמּוֹ) ψ 41:11 Ec 4:10(×2); fig. Am 5:2; 9:11(×2) Ho 6:2; Is 49:8; 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 (‖ הֵרִים), Jb 4:4; Je 50:32. b. from throne (מִן) Is 14:9. c. lift up shield (צִנָּה) against (עַל) Ez 26:8. d. fig. raise (to dignity, power) Is 49:6. 2. †a. raise, set up, stones Jos 4:9 (JE; בְּתוֹךְ loc.), v 20 (JE; ב loc.), 24:26 (E; שָׁם, תַּחַת loc.), Dt 27:2; pillars 1 K 7:21(×3) ‖ 2 Ch 3:17 Ex 40:18 (P); מַצֵּבָה, פֶּסֶל Ju 18:30 (ל reflex.), Lv 26:1 Dt 16:22; throne, fig., 2 S 3:10, king Dt 28:36 (both c. עַל over). b. erect, build: Is 23:13 Ex 26:30; heap of stones over (עַל) Jos 7:26; 8:29; altar 2 S 24:18 (לי׳) ‖ 1 Ch 21:18 (id.), 1 K 16:32 (לבעל), 2 K 21:3 (id.) = 2 Ch 33:3 (לבעלים); curtains Je 10:20 (of Judah’s tent, in fig.); tabern., etc., Ex 40:2, 18, 33 + 4 times Nu; erect against (עַל) Is 29:3. †c. fig. of setting up law ψ 78:5 (עֵדוּת; ‖ שִׂים). †3. raise up = bring on the scene: c. acc., sons in place of (תַּחַת) fathers Jos 5:7, אַחֲרֵי 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 K 15:4; raise up זֶרַע לִאָחִיךָ Gn 38:8 (J); judges Ju 2:16, 18 (לָהֶם), cf. 3:9, 15 (both ל pers.); king Je 30:9, צֶמַח צַדִּיק 23:5, prophet Je 29:15 Dt 18:15, 18, priest 1 S 2:35 (all ל pers.); shepherds, etc. Mi 5:5 (עַל against), Zc 11:16; לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם Dt 25:7; plant of name Ez 34:29 (ל pers.); evil (רָעָה) 2 S 12:11 (עַל against). †4. a. raise up = rouse, stir up (lion, in fig.) Gn 49:9 (poem) = Nu 24:9 (JE). b. instigate, c. acc. pers. + עַל against Am 6:14 1 S 22:8; + ל pers. 1 K 11:14, 23; c. acc. alone Hb 1:6. †5. raise up = constitute, הָקִיס־אֹתְךָ … לוֹ לְעָם Dt 29:12 cf. 28:9 Jb 16:12; וָאָקִים מִבְּנֵיכֶם לִנְבִיאִים Am 2:11; יָקֵם סְעָרָה לִדְמָמָה ψ 107:29 (cf. Qal 5). 6. cause to stand: †a. set, station, sentinels Ju 7:19 (הָקֵם הֵקִים), Je 51:12, cf. 6:17 (עַל pers.), 23:4 Ez 34:23; set feet on (עַל) rock ψ 40:3. †b. cause to hold one’s ground ψ 89:44 (בַּמִּלְחָמָה). †c. establish throne 2 Ch 7:18, כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ Pr 30:4. †d. establish (make, ratify) covenant, of י׳, c. אֶת (prep.) pers. Gn 6:18; 9:9, 11; 17:19, 21; Ex 6:4 (all P); Ez 16:62; c. בֵּין … בֵּין Gn 9:17; 17:7 (both P); c. ל pers. Ez 16:60. †e. = make binding, a vow Nu 30:14, 15(×2). f. = carry out, give effect to (DrSm. 1, 23), oath, covenant, vow, word, plan, command, of man 1 S 15:11, 13 + 6 times; of י׳ Gn 26:3; Lv 26:9; 1 S 1:23; 1 K 6:12 Dt 8:18 Je 23:20 + 18 times †g. לְהָקִים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת עַל־נַחֲלָתוֹ Ru 4:5, 10 to cause the dead man’s name to stand upon his inheritance (cf. Qal 7 i). †Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻ֫קַם עָ֑ל 2 S 23:1 be raised up (on הֻ֫קַּם van d. H., v. Dr); הוּקַם be set up Ex 40:17 (of tabern.); הוּקַם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי פ׳ Je 35:14 be held upright (Ges§ 121 a), i.e. observed, obeyed.

עָמַד520 take one’s stand, stand (NH id.; Ph. עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic عَمَدَ prop up, support, and deriv.; Ethiopic ዐምድ: pillar; 𝔗 עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Palm. עמודא, cf. also n.pr. תימעמד; Sab. עמד pillar, according to CISiv. 91 (or other deriv. from √ עמד DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 5), pl. אעמדן pillars DHMEpigr. Denkm. aus Abess. 80);— Qal435 Pf. ע׳ Gn 19:27 +, 3 fs. עָֽמְדָה 2 K 13:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמֹד Ex 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Na 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ 1 S 16:22 +; 1 s. אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Hb 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד 2 S 1:10; 3 mpl. יַעַמְדוּ Je 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ez 1:21 +; f. יַעֲמֹדְנָה Dn 8:22; 2 mpl. וַתַּעַמְדוּן Dt 4:11, etc.; Imv. עֲמֹד 1 S 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ 2 S 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Is 47:12; Je 48:19, etc.; Inf. abs. עָמֹד Est 9:16; cstr. עֲמֹד Ex 18:23 +, sf. עָמְדִי Je 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Ob 11, etc.; Pt. עֹמֵד Is 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Hg 2:5 +, etc.;— 1. a. stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, 1 S 26:13; 2 S 2:25; 2 K 2:7 +, so pt. Gn 18:8 (J), 41:1, 17 (E) +, עַל on, Ex 3:5 (E), Dt 27:12 +; c. ב loc. Ex 32:26; Nu 22:24, 26 (all JE), +; c. אֶל loc. 1 K 20:38 (+ לְ pers.), Je 48:19; Ez 21:26; 27:29; c. אֶל pers. 1 S 17:51; 2 K 5:25; c. אֵצֶל Gn 41:3 (E), Ez 9:2; 10:6; Ne 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Gn 18:22; 1 K 3:16; 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Gn 19:27 (J), Dt 4:10; Je 15:1; 18:20, etc.; take one’s stand and do a thing 1 S 17:8; 1 K 8:55; 2 K 18:28 = Is 36:13 +; sq. inf. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14 +. b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2 K 10:9 +. c. take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Ju 6:31; Ezr 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to KueGes. Abh. 247 f.) 2 Ch 26:18; cf. עַל־דַּם Lv 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one’s blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Is 50:8 together, i.e. against each other. d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gn 43:15 (J), Ex 9:10 (E), Nu 27:2, 21 (P), 1 S 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Dt 19:17; Je 7:10 cf. 18:20 Lv 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1 K 22:21 = 2 Ch 18:20; c. ב loc. of child at birth Ho 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dn 1:4. e. c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be (come) servant of 1 S 16:22 (v. Dr), 1 K 1:2 +; servant of י׳ 1 K 17:1; 18:15 2 K 3:14; 5:16 Je 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ) לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 10:8; Ju 20:28; Ez 44:15; 2 Ch 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Ez 44:11; Nu 16:9 (P). f. stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Ex 20:18, 21 (E), Is 59:14 ψ 38:12, בְּר׳ ψ 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ 2 K 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶּגֶד Ob 11 ψ 38:12. g. stand (silent) Jb 32:16. h. stand (appealingly) Jb 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du). i. stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zc 14:4 (עַל loc.), ψ 122:2 (ב loc.) so 26:12 (fig.). j. stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים ψ 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc. 2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Jos 10:13 (JE; ‖ וַיִּדֹּם), sun v 13, both, Hb 3:11; of pers. 1 S 9:27 (opp. עָבַר), 2 S 2:28 (opp. רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Na 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2 K 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Ju 7:21; 1 S 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lv 13:23, 28; so (without ת׳) 13:5, 37 (all P). b. = be inactive 2 Ch 20:17 (opp. לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ). c. = be attentive Jb 37:14. d. stop, cease doing a thing 2 K 13:18; c. מִן Gn 29:35; 30:9 (both J), Jon 1:15. 3. a. tarry, delay Gn 45:9 (E), Jos 10:19 (JE; opp. רָדַף), 1 S 20:38 (opp. מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +. b. remain, c. ב loc. 2 K 15:20; Dt 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Dt 5:28 (opp. שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Est 7:7. c. continue, abide Lv 13:5; Je 32:14; Is 66:22 ψ 102:27 Ec 2:9; = dwell Ex 8:18 (J; עַל loc.); לָעַד ψ 19:10; 111:3, 10; 112:3, 9; לְעוֹלָם ψ 33:11 Ec 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Hg 2:5; of plan = be established ψ 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Is 14:24), so Est 3:4; Dn 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Jos 2:11) Ec 2:9; לֹא יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Dn 10:17. d. endure Ex 18:23 (E), Ez 22:14 (‖ חָזַק). e. be steadfast Dt 25:8; Ru 2:7. f. persist Ec 8:3. 4. make a stand, hold one’s ground, Am 2:15; 2 K 10:4; Mal 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Ju 2:14; 2 K 10:4; Est 9:2 +, בִּפְנֵי Jos 10:8; 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v 42), 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one’s life Est 8:11; 9:16. 5. stand upright: a. remain standing 2 K 13:6; of head 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (fig. of endurance) Jb 8:15, Pr 12:7. b. stand up, opp. sit, Ne 8:5; Jb 29:8 (+ קוּם); opp. lie prostrate Ez 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיךָ), so 37:10 (id.), Dn 10:11, v 11 (עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ), Est 8:4; of revival after death Dn 12:13 (late for קוּם). c. stand up, rise, of water Jos 3:13 (+ apposs. נֵד אֶחָד), v 16 (+ קָמוּ + id.; both JE). d. be erect, upright, of boards Ex 26:15; 36:20 (P). †6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65, ψ 106:30 (cf. Ecclus 47:1, 12), especially Dn 8:22(×2), 23; 11:2, 3, 4; 12:1, cf. 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v 20, 21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Ec 4:15; of war 1 Ch 20:4, deliverance Est 4:14. b. stand forth, appear = come into being Is 48:13 ψ 33:9; 119:90. c. rise up as foe (earlier קום Am 7:9; Gn 4:8), c. עַל against 1 Ch 21:1; 2 Ch 20:23; Dn 8:25; 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against 10:13. 7. rare usages are: a. ע׳ אֶת־ stand with, as attendant, servitor Gn 45:1 (E), Nu 1:5 (P). b. take one’s stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית 2 K 23:3. c. stand עַל־חֶרֶב Ez 33:26 (resort to the sword). d. stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Je 23:18, 22 (v. סוֹד). e. be appointed Ezr 10:14. f. stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lv 18:23 (carnal intercourse) g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Je 48:11 (fig. of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case cf. 3 b).—עָמְדִי Dn 11:1b is crpt., read prob. עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to 10:21 and del. 11:1a; so Bev Behrm MartiKau. Hiph.83 (cf. DrIntr. (6) 535) Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱמִיד 1 K 12:32 +, 2 ms. הֶעֱמַדְתָּה ψ 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Nu 3:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמִיד Pr 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד 2 K 8:1 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ez 2:2; 3:24, 1 pl. וַנַּעֲמִיד Ne 4:3, etc.; Imv. הַעֲמֵד Is 21:6; sf. הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ez 24:11; Inf. abs. הַעֲמֵיד Ne 7:3; cstr. הַעֲמִיד 1 K 15:4 +; Pt. מַעֲמִיד 2 Ch 18:34 (but v.Hoph.);— 1. station, set, c. acc. Ju 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Nu 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת), 1 K 12:32 (ב loc.), 2 Ch 19:5 (id.), Ne 13:11 (עַל־עָמְדָם), Is 21:6 + (Ne 4:7a read perhaps Qal, so PerlesAnal. 65), c. עַל against Ne 4:3. 2. cause to stand firm ψ 18:34 = 2 S 22:34 (c. עַל loc.); maintain (opp. overthrow) Ex 9:16 (J), 1 K 15:4, cf. Pr 29:4. 3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, c. acc. + עַל־רַגְלַי Ez 2:2; 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Dn 8:18; temple Ezr 2:68 (על loc.), cf. 2 Ch 24:13 (על loc., of repairs); especially doors Ne 3:1 + 7 times Ne; Asherim 2 Ch 33:19, cf. 25:14. 4. + לִפְנֵי present one before king Gn 47:7 (P), י׳ (in sanctuary) Lv 14:11 + 3 times P, + (of goat) Lv 16:7, priest Lv 27:8 + 4 times P, + (of beast) Lv 27:11. 5. appoint Ne 7:3; 1 Ch 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Ne 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose 6:7 +, c. 2 acc. 1 Ch 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) 2 Ch 33:8 (‖ 2 K 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests 8:14; 31:2, cf. Ne 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל pers. Ne 10:33, cf. 2 Ch 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם 1 Ch 17:14 (ב loc.), cf. 2 Ch 9:8 ψ 148:6; c. acc. of covenant ψ 105:10 = 1 Ch 16:17 (ל pers. + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Dn 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים). †6. other meanings: a. ע׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו 2 K 8:11 have a fixed look. b. c. acc. רַגְלַי + ב loc. ψ 31:9 (fig.). c. make to stand (in a covt.; v. ‖ 2 K 23:3) 2 Ch 34:32. d. restore waste places Ezr 9:9. e. + לְפָנֶיהָ Est 4:5, i.e. make servant to. f. cause wind to arise ψ 107:25. g. = raise an army Dn 11:11, 13.—2 Ch 18:34 v. Hoph.; ψ 30:8 v. עֹז" dir="rtl" >עֹז; Ez 29:7 v. מָֽעַד" dir="rtl" >מָעַד. †Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יָעֳמַד־ Lv 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; Pt. הָיָה מָעֳמָד 1 K 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also ‖ 2 Ch 18:34 (as 𝔊), for MT מַעֲמִיד.—On Pf. הָעֳמַדְתִּי v. עֹז" dir="rtl" >עֹז ψ 30:8.

ἵστημι (compare ἱστάω, ἱστάνω), __I causal, make to stand, imperative ἵστη Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect ἵστην, Epic dialect ἵστασκε Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἵσταν Refs 5th c.BC+future στήσω, Doric dialect στᾱσῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔστησα, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν uncertain in Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 1 middle ἐστησάμην (never intransitive)Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect ἕστᾰκα LXX+5th c.BC+; also ἕστηκα (see. below) in transitive sense, (δι-) LXX+4th c.BC+ [same place]; ἑστακεῖα transitive in Refs __II intransitive, stand, __II.1 active, aorist 2 ἔστην, Epic dialect στάσκον Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἔστησαν, more frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; imperative στῆθι, Doric dialect στᾶθι Refs 7th c.BC+subjunctive στῶ, Epic dialect Refs 8th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural στέωμεν (as disyllable)Refs; optative σταῖεν, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural σταίησαν Refs; infinitive στῆναι, Epic dialect στήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect στᾶμεν Refs 5th c.BC+; participle στάς: perfect ἕστηκα: pluperfect ἑστήκειν, sometimes with strengthened augment εἱστήκειν, as Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἑστήκεε Refs 8th c.BC+perfect are preferred, ἕστᾰτον, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἑστᾶσι Refs 6th c.BC+; imperative ἕστᾰθι Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive ἑστ; optative ἑσταίη; infinitive ἑστάναι, Epic dialect ἑστάμεν, ἑστάμεναι (ἑστηκέναι only late, as Refs 2nd c.AD+; participle ἑστώς (ἑστηκώς rare in early Gr., Refs 5th c.BC+; but συνεστηκυιῶν probably in Refs 5th c.BC+ frequently variant as in Refs 5th c.BC+; genitive ἑστῶτο; Ionic dialect ἑστεώς, ἑστεός, ῶτο; Epic dialect ἑστηώς Refs 8th c.BC+; dative plural ἑστηῶσι conjecture in Refs 8th c.BC+pluperfect ἑστάτην, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἕστᾰσαν: late present ἑστήκω, formed from perfect, Refs 3rd c.BC+: hence, future ἑστήξω Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 passive, ἵσταμαι: imperative ἵστασο Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect ἱστάμην: future στᾰθήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist ἐστάθην Refs 8th c.BC+; rarely ἔστην, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἔσστα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἕσταμαι Refs 5th c.BC+ sthā-, cf. Sanskrit sthā- (aorist á-sthā-t), Latin stare, etc.; Gr. reduplicate present and perfect from si-sthā-, se-sthā-.) __A Causal, make to stand, set up, πελέκεας ἑξείης Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔγχος μέν ῥ᾽ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα he set it against the pillar,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱ. ἱστόν set up the loom, or raise the mast (see. ἱστός Refs; κρητῆρας στήσασθαι to have bowls set up, Refs 8th c.BC+; θεοῖς.. κρητῆρα στήσασθαι in honour of the gods, Refs 8th c.BC+; στῆσαί τινα ὀρθόν, στ. ὀρθὰν καρδίαν, Refs 5th c.BC+; στῆσαι λόγχας, for battle, Refs; especially raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc., ἱ. ἀνδριάντα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱ. τινὰ χαλκοῦν set him up in brass, raise a brazen statue to him, Refs 4th c.BC+ (so in perfect, stand, οὗτος ἕστηκε λίθινος Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, σφυρήλατος ἐν Ὀλυμπία στάθητι Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II set, place, of things or persons, τρίποδ᾽ ἔστασαν ἐν πυρί Refs 8th c.BC+; fix, τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν Refs 2nd c.AD+; especially set men in order or array, πεζοὺς δ᾽ ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.III bring to a standstill, stay, check, λαὸν δὲ στῆσον Refs 8th c.BC+; νέας, ἵππους, ἡμιόνους στῆσαι, Refs 8th c.BC+; μύλην στῆσαι to stop the mill, Refs 8th c.BC+; στῆσε δ᾽ ἐν Ἀμνισῷ (i.e. νῆα)Refs 4th c.AD+; στῆσαι τὴν φάλαγγα halt it, Refs 5th c.BC+; στ. τὰ ὄμματα fix them, of a dying man, Refs; στ. τὸ πρόσωπον compose the countenance, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς κοιλίας Philotim. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, ἱστάμενος τῷ νοσήματι Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III.2 set on foot, stir up, κονίης.. ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην Refs 8th c.BC+; of battle, etc., φυλόπιδα στήσειν stir up strife, Refs 8th c.BC+ the fray is on foot, Refs 8th c.BC+ —also in middle, στησάμενοι δ᾽ ἐμάχοντοRefs 8th c.BC+ arises, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of passions and states of mind, μῆνιν, ἐλπίδα στῆσαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III.3 set up, appoint, τινὰ βασιλέα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, ἐστάσαντο τύραννον Refs 7th c.BC+:—passive, ὁ ὑπὸ Δαρείου σταθεὶς ὕπαρχος Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III.4 establish, institute, χορούς, παννυχίδα, Refs 5th c.BC+; στῆσαι χορόν, Ὀλυμπιάδα, ἑορτάν, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὑγιῶς ἱστάμενος λόγον setting up a bad argument, Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, ἀγορὴ ἵσταταί τινι Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III.5 = Latin statuere, determine, γνῶναι καὶ στῆσαι Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, τὰ ὑπό τινος σταθέντα Refs 1st c.AD+; τὰ ἑσταμένα Wilcken Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.III.6 fix by agreement, ὁ σταθεὶς τόκος Refs 1st c.BC+; τὸ ἑσταμένον ἐνοίκιον Refs 3rd c.AD+ __A.III.7 bring about, cause, ἀμπνοάν Refs 5th c.BC+; στῆσαι δύσκηλον χθόνα make its case desperate, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.IV place in the balance, weigh, Refs 8th c.BC+; [ἐκπώματα] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱστάναι τι πρὸς ἀργύριον weigh a thing against silver, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀγαθὸς ἱστάναι good at weighing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὸ πόρρω στήσας ἐν τῷ ζυγῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τὸ ἱστάναι ἐλθεῖν have recourse to the scales, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ ζυγοῦ Refs 2nd c.AD+weighed, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.IV.2 weigh out, pay, LXX+NT __B passive and intransitive tenses of active, to be set or placed, stand, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀντίοι ἔσταν, ἐναντίοι ἔστησαν, Refs 8th c.BC+: proverbial of critical circumstances, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Refs 8th c.BC+, to be in a certain place or state, ἀργύρεοι σταθμοὶ ἐν χαλκέῳ ἕστασαν οὐδῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἑστάτω for ἔστω, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ νῦν ἑστῶτα,= τὰ νῦν, Refs adverb, ξυμφορᾶς ἵν᾽ ἕσταμεν, ἵν᾽ ἕστ. χρείας, in what case or need we are, Refs; ποῦ τύχης ἕστηκε; Refs; later also ἀδίκως, ὀρθῶς, εὐλαβῶς ἵστασθαι, behave wrongly, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B.2 take up an intellectual attitude, ὡς ἵστασθαι δεῖ περὶ χρημάτων κτήσεως Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἵ. Refs __B.3 in pregnant sense, στῆναι ἐς.. Refs 8th c.BC+ those who did not face the danger, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II stand still, halt, ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; stand idle, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἑστάναι to be stationary, opposed to κινεῖσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ μὴν ἐνταῦθ᾽ ἕστηκε τὸ πρᾶγμα does not rest here, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ if the bowels are constipated, Refs 4th c.BC+: with participle, οὐ στήσεται ἀδικῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; come to a stop, rest satisfied, ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλῃ, ἔπειτα σταθῇ Refs 4th c.BC+ there is a stop, one comes to a stop, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.2 metaphorically, stand firm, Refs 5th c.BC+; of arguments or propositions, hold good, Refs 5th c.BC+participle, ἑστηκώς fixed, stable, Refs 4th c.BC+; λογισμὸς ἑστὼς καὶ νουνεχής Refs 2nd c.BC+ adverb ἑστηκότως, opposed to στοχαστικῶςRefs 2nd c.BC+; ἑστηκότα θεωρήματα, ἑστηκότες σκοποί, Refs 1st c.BC+; of age, ἑστηκυῖα ἡλικία Refs 5th c.BC+; τιμαὶ ἑστηκυῖαι fixed prices, PTeb.unpublishedRefs __B.III to be set up or upright, stand up, rise up, κρημνοὶ ἕστασαν Refs 8th c.BC+; of a horse, ἵστασθαι ὀρθός to rear, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵστασθαι βάθρων from the steps, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.2 to be set up, erected, or built, στήλη, ἥ τ᾽ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἑστήκῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.III.3 generally, arise, begin, ἵστατο νεῖκος Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.III.4 in marking Time, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο when spring is not long begun, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς the seventh month was begun, Refs 8th c.BC+; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ᾽ ἱσταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, Refs 8th c.BC+; later μὴν ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, first in Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.5 to be appointed, στῆναι ἐς ἀρχήν Refs 5th c.BC+; see above Refs 4th c.BC+

[נָגַשׁ125] vb. draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.v. (NH id. Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);— Qal68 Impf. יִגַּשׁ Ex 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ ψ 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Gn 18:23 +; 3 fs. וַתִּגַּשׁ Gn 33:7; 2 ms. תִּגַּשׁ־ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. יִגְּשׁוּ Is 41:1 +, יִגָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִגָּ֑שׁוּ); 3 fpl. וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Gn 33:6, etc.; Imv. גַּשׁ 2 S 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Gn 19:9, גְּשָׁה Gn 27:21 +; גֹּשִׁי Ru 2:14, וּגְשׁוּ Je 46:3 גּשׁוּ Jos 3:9; Inf. cstr. לָגֶ֫שֶׁת Ju 20:23 +; sf. גִּשְׁתּוֹ Gn 33:3; גִּשְׁתָּם Ex 28:43 + 2 times;—draw or come near, 1. human subj.: sq. אֶל־ pers. Gn 27:22; 43:19; 44:18; 45:4 (all J), Ex 19:15 (of sexual intercourse), 24:2 Nu 32:16; Jos 14:6 (all E), Ex 34:30; Jos 21:1 (P), + 10 times elsewhere (not D), + ψ 91:7 (subj. pestilence personif.); of priestly approach to י׳ Ez 44:13, cf. Je 30:21b, also sq. אֶל־ of altar Ex 28:43; 30:20; Lv 21:23 and abs., v 21 (all P or H); sq. אֶל־ rei also Nu 8:19; sq. עַד־ pers. Gn 33:3 (J), rei Ju 9:52; sq. עַל־ pers. Ez 9:6, rei 44:13; sq. בְּ pers. Is 65:5 (‖ קָרַב אֶל־); in Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ בַּעֲדֵנוּ (for MT תַּגִּישׁ Hiph. cf. We GASm Dr Now; ‖ קִדֵּם); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה draw near for battle Ju 20:23; Je 46:3; 2 S 10:13 = 1 Ch 19:14 (+ לִפְנֵי pers.); sq. acc. pers. 1 S 9:18; 30:21, rei Nu 4:19 (P), but acc. difficult; Dr reads אֶל־ for אֶת־ 1 S 9:18 Nu 4:19, cf. Klo HPS; in 1 S 30:21 Dr takes אֶת־ = with; sq. הֲלוֹם hither, 1 S 14:38 Ru 2:14; abs. Gn 18:23; 27:21; 29:10; 33:6, 7; 45:4 (all J), Ex 24:2 (E), Jos 8:11 (E; + ויבאו), + 9 times (not P, D), + Gn 27:26, 27 (E), Jos 3:9 (J), 2 S 1:15; 2 Ch 29:31 (all Imv. sq. 2nd Imv.), + Gn 19:9 (J), Lv 21:21(×2) (H), 2 K 4:27 (all sq. Inf. purpose). Note especially גֶּשׁ־הָ֫לְאָה Gn 19:9 lit. approach thither! i.e. move away! cf. גְּשָׁה־לִי וְאֵשֵׁ֑בָה Is 49:20 move away for me (make room for me) that I may dwell (‖ צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם). 2. inanim. subj. אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 one to another they approach (fit closely together; of scales of crocodile).—Qal not in D. Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׁ Gn 33:7 +; 3 fs. וְנִגְּשָׁה Dt 25:9; 3 mpl. נִגְּשׁוּ Ex 34:32 +; נִגַּשְׁתֶּם 2 S 11:20, 21; Pt. pl. נִגָּשִׁים Ex 19:22;—draw near = Qal (and substit. for it in D):—sq. אֶל־ pers. Dt 25:9; 1 K 20:13; Ezr 9:1, of priestly approach to Yahweh Ex 19:22 (J), Je 30:21; sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 20:21; 24:2 (both E), 2 S 11:20, 21, אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 25:1; sq. בְּ pers. Am 9:13; sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 7:10; abs. Gn 33:7 (J), Dt 20:2 (‖ קרב), 21:5; Ex 34:32 (P), so fig. of worship Is 29:13. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְהִגִּישׁוֹ Ex 21:6(×2), וְהִגִּישָׁהּ Lv 2:8; 3 pl. הִגִּ֫ישׁוּ 2 S 17:29; 2 mpl. הִגַּשְׁתֶּם Am 5:25; Impf. juss. יַגֵּשׁ Jb 40:19; וַיַּגֶּשׁ־ Gn 27:25; וַיַּגַּ֑שׁ Ju 6:19; 3 fs. תַּגִּישׁ Am 9:10, וַתַּגֵּשׁ 1 S 28:25; 2 S 13:11; 3 mpl. יַגִּ֫ישׁוּ Is 41:22; 2 mpl. תַּגִּ֫ישׁוּ Mal 1:8, תַּגִּישׁוּן v 8, וַתַּגִּישׁוּן Am 6:3, etc.; Imv. ms. הַגִּ֫ישָׁה Gn 27:25 +; mpl. הַגִּ֫ישׁוּ 1 S 13:9 +; Pt. מַגִּישׁ Mal 2:12; pl. cstr. מַגִּישֵׁי Mal 3:3, etc.;—cause to approach, bring near, bring, sq. אֶל־ pers. (usually obj. acc. rei, rarely pers. Ex 21:6(×2) 1 S 15:32; Gn 48:10 cf. v 13):—Gn 48:10, 13 (E), Ex 21:6(×2) (E), 1 S 13:9; 14:34; 15:32; 2 S 13:11 (+ Inf. purpose), 2 K 4:5, 6; sq. אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 2:8 (P; of sacrifice); עַל־מִזְבְּחִי Mal 1:7 (sacrif.); לְ pers. Gn 27:25(×2) (E), 1 S 30:7; 2 S 17:29 (read וַיַּגִּישׁוּ 𝔊 Th We Klo Kit, cf. Dr), of sacrifice Am 5:25 Mal 2:12; 3:3; לִפְנֵי pers. 1 S 28:25; 2 Ch 29:23; no prep. Ex 32:6 (J), 1 S 14:18, 34; 23:9; 30:7; Ju 6:19 (foll. הוציא אֶל־), Am 6:3; 1 K 5:1; Lv 8:14 (P), of sacrif. also Mal 1:8 (לִזְבֹּחַ), v 8 (‖ הקריב); fig. (obj. proofs, evidences) Is 41:21 (‖ קרב), v 22 (+ וַיַּגִּידוּ), cf. 45:21 (‖ הַגִּידוּ); הָעשֹׁוֹ יַגֵּשׁ חַרְבּוֹ Jb 40:19 let him that made him (the hippot.) draw near his sword, is dub.; Du הֶעָשׂוּ[י] נֹגֵשׂ חֲבֵרָו wh. is made ruler of its fellows (other conject. v. Di Bu); Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ Qal q.v.). †Hoph. Pf. 3 mpl. לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם הֻנַּ֑שׁוּ 2 S 3:34 (Ginsb הֻנָּ֑שׁוּ) thy feet have not been brought near (put into) fetters; Pt. מֻגָּשׁ לשׁמי Mal 1:11 it (impers.) is offered to my name. †Hithp. Imv. mpl. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ Is 45:20 draw near! (‖ הִקָּֽבְצוּ וָבֹאוּ).

† [נָצַב] vb.Niph. take one’s stand, stand (NH נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה n. taking a stand; Ph. (Pun.) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lzb 325; Nab. Palm. נצב set up; Zinj. id., statue, all Lzb 325 Cook 82; Palm. מצבא image, Nab. נצב id., DHMVOJ viii (1984), 12, cf. Lzb l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naṣâbu TelAm., Wkl TA 24b; Aramaic נְצַב, ܢܨܰܒ Arabic نَصَبَ set up, erect, نَصْبٌ sign, mark, way-mark; Sab. נצב cippus CIS iv. 23 Sab Denkm95 DHM ZMG xxx (1876), 115f. Derenb JAs, 1883, Aug.–Sept. 244; Min. מצב statue (= מנצב) HomSüdar. Chrest. 128);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִצְּבָה ψ 45:10, נִצָּ֑בָה Gn 37:7; Pr 8:2; 2 ms. וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Ex 7:15 + 2 times; 3 pl. נִצְּבוּ 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consec. 33:8; Pt. נִצָּב Gn 24:13 +, f. נִצָּבָה Zc 11:16, נִצֶּ֫בֶת 1 S 1:26; mpl. נִצָּבִים Ex 5:20 +; fpl. נִצָּבוֹת 1 S 4:20;— 1. a. station oneself, take one’s stand, for definite purpose, c. עַל loc. (by, on) Gn 24:13, 43; 28:13; Ex 7:15; 33:21; 34:2 (all J), Ex 17:9; 18:14 (E), Nu 23:6, 17 (JE); Am 7:7; 9:1; Pr 8:2; of י׳ Is 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; c. ב loc. Ex 5:20 ψ 82:1 (of God), cf. Nu 22:23, 31, 34; נ׳ עִמְּכָה 1 S 1:26; לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 29:9; c. פֶּתַח Nu 16:27 (JE), Ju 18:16, 17; abs. La 2:4 (on text v. Löhr). b. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), c. עַל pers. (sitting or lying) Gn 45:1; 1 S 4:20; 22:6, 7, 17; נ׳ עַל־מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Is 21:8 stand at my watchman’s post (‖ עֹמֵד); לִימִינְךָ ψ 45:10; abs. 2 S 13:31. c. take an upright position, stand, יָקוּמוּ וְנ׳ Ex 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח loc.), cf. Gn 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, נ׳ כְמוֹ־נֵד Ex 15:8 (song). 2. be stationed = appointed over (על), 1 S 22:9; Ru 2:5, 6; with Samuel presiding over (על) them 1 S 19:20. Hence 3. Pt. as subst. deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only 1 K 4:5, 7; 5:7, 30; 9:23 2 Ch 8:10 (all of Sol.’s officers; so also 2 Ch 8:10 Qr, נציב), 1 K 22:48 (of Edom). 4. stand firm, fig. כָּל־אָדָם נִצָּב ψ 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text dub.); נ׳ בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם 119:89 (of י׳’s word); that which stands firm Zc 11:16 (Isr. under fig. of sheep), but dub.; We GASm leave untranslated; Now proposes הַנַּחֲלָה the diseased. Hiph. Pf. הִצִּיב 1 K 16:34; 2 ms. הִצַּבְתָּ Gn 21:29 ψ 74:17; 3 mpl. הִצִּ֫יבוּ Je 5:26; Impf. יַצִּיב Jos 6:26, יַצֵּב Dt 32:8 (dub.; poet. for וַיּ׳ Ew§ 233a Di; rhythmical shortening Ges§ 109 k; read יַצִּב Dr DaSynt. p. 94), וַיַּצֶּב־ 2 S 18:18; sf. וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ La 3:12; Imv. fs. הַצִּ֫יבִי Je 31:21; Inf. cstr. הַצִּיב 1 S 13:21; 1 Ch 18:3; Pt. מַצִּיב 1 S 15:12 (but read הִצִּיב 𝔊 We Dr Bu Kit HPS);— 1. station, set: c. acc., ewes Gn 21:28, 29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Je 5:26; fig. set me before thee (לְפָנֶיךָ) ψ 41:13; set me as a target La 3:12. 2. set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 35:14, 20 (E), 2 S 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים 2 K 17:10; altar Gn 33:20 (E), stone-heap 2 S 18:17; monument 1 S 15:12; 1 Ch 18:3; Je 31:21; city-gates (c. ב), Jos 6:26 (JE) = 1 K 16:34. 3. cause to stand erect, waters, כְּמוֹ־נֵד ψ 78:13 (cf. Qal Ex 15:8). 4. fix, establish boundary (subj. י׳) Dt 32:8 ψ 74:17; Pr 15:25; dominion (יַד) 1 Ch 18:3 (of king).—1 S 13:21 is dub.; AV sharpen, RV set; Kit ‘gerade machen’; Klo נִצַּב subst., v. infr.; cf. HPS. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻצַּב Na 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very dub.; perhaps n.pr., or epith., of queen, cf. We Now GASm, q.v.; Pt. סֻלָּם מֻצָּב אַ֫רְצָה Gn 28:12 (E) a ladder set up on the earth; אֵלוֹן מ׳ Ju 9:6, read אֵלוֹן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, v. infr.—Cf. also יָצַב" dir="rtl" >יצב Hithp.

† [יָצַב] vb. only Hithp. set or station oneself, take one’s stand (𝔗 יצב Pa. & deriv.; Arabic وَصَبَ be constant, firm)— Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְיַצְּבוּ 2 Ch 11:13; וְהִת׳ consec. Nu 11:16; Impf. ��ִתְיַצֵּב Dt 7:24 + 6 times; יִתְיַצָּ֑ב Jb 41:2; יִתְיַצַּ֑ב Pr 22:29; וַיִּתְיַצֵּב 1 S 3:10 + 5 times; 3 fs. וַתֵּתַצֵּב Ex 2:4 (but read וַתִּתְיַצֵּב, cf. Sam Ges§ 71 Köi, 430); 2 ms. תִּתְיַצֵּב 2 S 18:13; וְאֶתְיַצְּבָה Hb 2:1; יִתְיַצְּבוּ ψ 2:2 + 2 times; וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ Ex 19:17 + 4 times; Imv. הִתְיַצֵּב 8:16 + 5 times; הִתְיַצְּבוּ 1 S 10:19 + 6 times; Inf. cstr. (מֵ)הִתְיַצֵּב 2 S 21:5 + 4 times;—station oneself, take one’s stand, stand: a. c. phr. of place, Ex 2:4 (E, c. מֵרָחוֹק), 2 S 18:13 (c. מִנֶּגֶד), fig. = stand aloof (VB Dr); v 30 (c. כֹּה, ‖ עָמַד); c. ב loc. Ex 19:17; Nu 22:22 (both E), Ju 20:2; Dt 31:14(×2), also (in sense of having a place or position) נִשְׁמַדְנוּ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב בְּכָל־גְּבֻל יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 S 21:5; c. בְּתוֹךְ pers. 1 S 10:23, loc. 2 S 23:12 = 1 Ch 11:14; c. עַל loc., at, by Nu 23:3, 15 (JE), upon Hb 2:1 (‖ עמד), ψ 36:5 (fig.); c. עַל pers. v. infr.; c. שָׁם and עִם pers. Ex 34:5 (subj. י׳), Nu 11:16 (both JE). b. abs. 1 S 3:10 (י׳ subj.); especially of standing quiet and passive, to see the mighty deliverance of י׳ Ex 14:13 (J), 1 S 12:7, 16; 2 Ch 20:17 (‖ עמד); of taking a stand to fight 1 S 17:16 ψ 2:2; in military array Je 46:4 (c. ב accomp.), v 14 (‖ הָכֵן לָךְ); to answer a charge Jb 33:5; וְיִתְיַצְּבוּ כְמוֹ לְבוּשׁ 38:14 and they (terrestrial things) stand forth (in the light) like a garment. c. c. לִפְנֵי pers. = present oneself before Ex 8:16; 9:13 (both J), Pr 22:29(×2); לִפְנֵי י׳ Jos 24:1 (E), 1 S 10:19 (v. also d); so as servants or courtiers (v. על 6 c), with implication of readiness for service, עַל־אֲדֹנָי Zc 6:5; על י׳ Jb 1:6; 2:1(×2). d. c. עַל pers. take one’s stand on the side of 2 Ch 11:13; c. ל, מִי־יִתְיַצֵּב לִי עִם ψ 94:16 who will take a stand for me against the workers of iniquity (‖ מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם); of holding one’s ground, maintaining one’s position before (לְנֶגֶד עֵינֶיךָ) י׳ ψ 5:6; so c. לִפְנֵי Jos 1:5 (D), Dt 9:2 Jb 41:2; c. בְּפָנֶיךָ Dt 7:24; 11:25; abs. וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב 2 Ch 20:6.

† III. כֵּן n.m. base, pedestal, office (NH כַּנָּה; Aramaic כַּנְתָּא, ܟܰܢܳܐ )—abs. כ׳ Is 33:23 1 K 7:31 (but v. infr.); sf. כַּנּוֹ Ex 30:18 + 11 times; כַּנֶּ֑ךָ Gn 40:13; כַּנִּי 41:13;— 1. lit. base, pedestal, 1 K 7:31 (like) the work of a pedestal (Th VB), according to StaZAW iii, 1883, 161, 162 מַעֲשֵׂה־כֵן is in wrong place, being orig. part of a gloss to v 35;—כ׳ in v 29 = thus, or is textual error;—כֵּן־תָּרְנָם Is 33:23 the base (support or socket) of their mast (so Thes and most); especially of base of laver of tabernacle Ex 30:18, 28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:8; 39:39; 40:11 Lv 8:11 (all P). 2. office, place Gn 40:13; 41:13 (both E); hence (late) עַל־כַּנּוֹ in his place Dn 11:20, 21, 38 (i.e. in his stead, as his successor, cf. Germ. an seiner Stelle); עַל om. v 7.

στήκω, late present formed from ἕστηκα (perfect of ἵστημι), stand, LXX+NT; participle, παρὼν καὶ στήγων (sic) Refs 4th c.AD+; so ἑστήκω, Refs 3rd c.BC+.

† קָמָה n.f. standing grain;—abs. ק׳ Ex 22:5 +; cstr. קָמַת Dt 23:26(×2); pl. cstr. קָמוֹת Ju 15:5;—standing grain (mature) Ex 22:5 (E), Dt 16:9; 23:26(×2) Ju 15:5(×2) Is 17:5; לִפְנֵי ק׳ 2 K 19:26 = Is 37:27 dub., לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ … and join to v 28: before me is thy rising up and thy sitting down We Bur Du CheHpt. al.; cf. sub שְׁדֵפָה. (i.e. before maturity);* in fig. Ho 8:7.—cf. VogelstLandwirthsch.51.

πρόκειμαι, used as passive of προτίθημι, to be set before one, ὀνείαθ᾽ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα the meats laid ready, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. δαίς, δεῖπνον, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄρτοι προκείμενοι shew-bread, LXX __2 lie exposed, ὁρέω παιδίον προκείμενον Refs 5th c.BC+; of a tuft of wool, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄτιμος ὧδε πρόκειμαι, says Ajax of himself, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially lie dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; προκείμενον νέκυν laid out for burial, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐξενεχθείς, Refs 5th c.BC+ (also, to be buried first, Refs 3rd c.AD+ to be exposed to.., Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 to be set before competitors, as the prize of a contest, τοῖσι.. προὔκειτο μέγας τρίπος Refs 8th c.BC+ __3.b metaphorically, to be set before one, proposed, γνῶμαι τρεῖς προεκέατο three opinions were set forth, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τῷ συμβουλεύοντι σκοπὸς τὸ συμφέρον is proposed as a mark, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ προκειμένη ξυμμαγία the alliance which naturally offers, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of contests, πόνος τε καὶ ἀγὼν ἔσχατος ψυχῇ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; to be extant, προοίμια π. Refs; frequently in participle, ὁ προκείμενος ἄεθλος the task set, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ προκείμενα, opposed to μέλλοντα, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. ἐν τῷ λόγῳ or τὸ π., the question under discussion, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. πρῆγμα the matter in hand, Refs 5th c.BC+ when the question is concerning safety, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 to be set forth, settled, prescribed, appointed, ἔργων ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ προκείμεναι ἡμέραι the prescribed days,Refs; τὸ θανεῖν.. πᾶσι πρόκειται probably in Refs; of laws, νόμους ὑπερβαίνουσα τοὺς π. Refs 5th c.BC+; of punishments, στέρεσθαι κρατὸς ἦν προκείμενον Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 to be first stated, οὐ πρόκειται τοῦ λόγου τὸ τί ἐστιν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II lie before, lie in front of, with genitive, Αἴγυπτος προκειμένη τῆς ἐχομένης γῆς projecting further than, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾗ (ᾧ codices) προὔκειτο μαστῶν περονίς where was set a brooch before her breasts, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, of a cape, island, etc., ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ π. χωρίον Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 bulge, project, ἡ γαστὴρ πρόκειται Refs 5th c.BC+ __III precede, γράμμα π. an initial letter, Refs; ἐν τοῖς π. in the preceding pages, Refs 2nd c.AD+, frequently in Papyrus, Refs 1st c.AD+; προκείμενον a preceding word, Refs 2nd c.AD+; χρόνος ὁ προκείμενος date as above, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τοῦ π. ἔτους in the aforesaid year, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ π. βοτάνη above-mentioned, Refs 2nd c.AD+ represented on this monument, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 τὸ π. αὐτοῦ μόριον from which it is derived (ὥς from ὅς), Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐρείδω, Epic dialect imperfect Refs 8th c.BC+: future Refs 3rd c.BC+ codices: aorist 1 Refs 6th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔρεισα (ἐπ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἤρεικα (συν-) Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, future ἐρείσομαι (ἀπ-) Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 1 Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, Refs future Refs 5th c.BC+: Epic dialect aorist 1 Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect Refs 7th c.BC+ perfect Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.person etc for 1st.person, 2nd.person plural Refs 8th c.BC+ and later Prose:—cause to lean, prop, Refs 8th c.BC+; [νέκυας] ἀλλήλοισιν ἐ. piling them against each other, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς στέρν᾽ ἐρείσας (i.e. τοὺς παῖδας) Refs 6th c.BC+: generally, fix firmly, plant, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. πόδας ἐς βένθος plant the foot firm, Refs fix one's mind firmly on a thing, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 prop up, support, stay, ἀσπὶς ἄρ᾽ ἀσπίδ᾽ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δ᾽ ἀνήρ, of close ranks of men-atarms, Refs 8th c.BC+. __3 press hard, attack, τινα Refs 6th c.BC+ __4 push, thrust, Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle, Refs. __5 infix, plant in, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνταίαν πληγήν inflict it, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἄλγημα ἐρηρεισμένον fixed pain, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __6 press down, depress, Refs 5th c.BC+. __7 of wagers or matches, match, set one pledge against another, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II intransitive, press hard, Refs 8th c.BC+; of an illness or pain, settle upon a particular part, Refs 5th c.BC+ 11.61; exert pressure: hence, rest, Refs 2nd c.BC+. __II.2 set to work, fall to, especially of eating, Refs 6th c.BC+. __II.3 become fixed, Refs __III middle and passive, prop oneself, lean upon, τῷ ὅ γ᾽ ἐρεισάμενος (i.e. σκήπτρῳ) Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive, ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ γαίης leant with his hand against the earth, Refs; of one fallen, Refs; οὔδεϊ..σφι χαῖται ἐρηρέδαται their hair rests on the ground, Refs set, planted in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; press closely, be tight, of bandages, Refs 5th c.BC+ has her teeth clenched, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 to be fixed firm, planted, Refs 8th c.BC+: absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry); opposed to πλανᾶσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+ of a bone stuck in the throat, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.3 ἐρείδεσθαι ναυαγίαις to be driven ashore in shipwreck, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV middle, __IV.1 in reciprocal sense, struggle one with another, Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.2 with accusative, support or set firmly for oneself, Refs 5th c.BC+ to raise one's thoughts.., Refs

Transliteration of Hebrew קוּם 'to stand' [H6966]. Not in LSJ.

συνεφ-ίστημι and συνεφ-ιστάνω Refs 2nd c.BC+: aorist 1 -επέστησαRefs 4th c.BC+:—set as watchers or guards, τοὺς ἱππεῖς Refs 1st c.BC+: metaphorically, set on the watch, make attentive, τοὺς ἀναγινώσκοντας Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 seemingly intransitive (i.e. τὸν νοῦν), attend to, observe along with, ἐπὶ τὰ λεγόμενα Refs; uncertain reading in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II passive συνεφίστᾰμαι, with aorist 2 active, stand over, superintend along with or together, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 rise together, κατά τινων against them, NT __II.3 occur together, τινι with.. , Refs 1st c.AD+, variant for{συνυφ-} in Refs 3rd c.AD+

† מָעֳמָ֑ד n.[m.] standing-ground, foot-hold ψ 69:3 (in fig.).

† [עֶמְדָּה] n.f. standing-ground;—sf. יִקַּח מִכֶּם עֶמְדָּתוֹ Mi 1:11; text dub. v. Now.

† תְּקוּמָה n.f. standing, power to stand (cf. √ Qal 7 a);—abs. ת׳ Lv 26:37 (c. לִפְנֵי pers.).