H5903 H5903
Naked, unclothed (adjective); or nakedness as an abstract condition of exposure and vulnerability.
An adjective and substantive noun from the root ayin-vav-resh meaning 'naked' or 'nakedness.' Its most memorable appearances are in Genesis 3:7-11, where Adam and Eve realize they are naked after eating the forbidden fruit -- a primal scene of exposure and shame. Ezekiel repurposes the word powerfully for personified Jerusalem, found naked and bare as an infant (16:7), then stripped naked again in judgment (16:22, 39; 23:29). One occurrence shifts to abstract usage: Deuteronomy 28:48 warns of serving enemies 'in nakedness,' a condition of utter deprivation.
Senses
1. naked, unclothed (adjective) — The adjective meaning naked or unclothed, describing a state of being without garments. In Genesis 3:7, Adam and Eve's eyes are opened and they know they are 'naked' (eirummim, plural); 3:10-11 repeat the singular form in the dialogue of shame and exposure. Ezekiel uses it of personified Jerusalem as both an infant (16:7, 'naked and bare') and a woman stripped in judgment (16:22, 39; 23:29). Also used substantively for a naked person -- the righteous covers 'the naked' with a garment (Ezek 18:7, 16). Spanish 'desnudo/desnuda' and French 'nu' consistently render the physical state. 9×
AR["عُرْيَانٌ", "عُرْيَانَانِ", "عُرْيَانَةً", "عُرْيَانَةٌ", "وَالْعُرْيَانَ"]·ben["আর-উলঙ্গকে", "উলঙ্গ"]·DE["[ועירם]", "[וערום]", "[עירם]", "[ערם]", "nackt"]·EN["and-naked", "naked"]·FR["et-nu", "nu"]·heb["ו-עירום", "עירום", "עירם", "עירמם", "ערום"]·HI["और-नग्न-को", "नंगा", "नंगी", "नंगे", "नग्न"]·ID["dan-yang-telanjang", "telanjang"]·IT["[ועירם]", "[וערום]", "[עירם]", "[ערם]", "naked"]·jav["lan-tiyang-wuda", "wuda"]·KO["그리고-벌거벗은-자에게", "벌거벗고", "벌거벗은", "벌거월"]·PT["e-nu", "nu", "nua", "nus"]·RU["и-нагого", "и-оставят", "нагая", "нагие", "нагой"]·ES["desnuda", "desnudo", "desnudos", "y-al-desnudo"]·SW["na-mtu-uchi", "uchi", "ulikuwa-uchi", "walikuwa-uchi"]·TR["seni", "uzadı", "ve-çıplakı", "ve-çırılçıplak", "çıplak", "çıplakı"]·urd["اور-ننگے-کو", "ننگا", "ننگی", "ننگے"]
2. nakedness (abstract/substantive use) — Nakedness as an abstract or substantive noun, denoting the condition of being exposed and deprived. In Deuteronomy 28:48, the covenant curse warns Israel will serve its enemies 'in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in want of all things' -- here nakedness is a state of deprivation rather than a simple description of a person. The preposition be- ('in') governs an abstract condition. Multilingual glosses reflect this: eng 'and-in-nakedness,' spa 'y-en-desnudez,' German 'und-in-Bloesse,' all treating it as a condition rather than a personal attribute. 1×
AR["وَبِ-عُرْيٍ"]·ben["এবং-নগ্নতায়"]·DE["und-in-Bloesse"]·EN["and-in-nakedness"]·FR["et-dans-nudité"]·heb["ו-ב-עירום"]·HI["और-नंगेपन-में"]·ID["dan-dalam-ketelanjangan"]·IT["e-in-nudita"]·jav["lan-mawi-wuda"]·KO["그리고-벗음으로"]·PT["e-com-nudez"]·RU["и-в-наготе"]·ES["y-en-desnudez"]·SW["na-kwa-uchi"]·TR["ve-çıplaklıkta"]·urd["اور-ننگاپن-میں"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עֵירֹם, עֵרֹם adj. and n.[m.] 1. naked; 2. nakedness ( √ עור Ew 423, 426 Ges§ 85 t Sta§§ 295, 327 a; > √ ערם (not Heb. in this sense) BaNB § 27 g Köii. 84, 120);—abs. עֵירֹם Gn 3:10, 11 + 4 times, עֵרֹם Ez 16:7 + 2 times Ez; pl. עֵירֻמִּים Gn 3:7;— 1. adj. naked Gn 3:7, 10, 11 (all pred.); as subst. concr. Ez 18:7, 16. 2. n.abstr. nakedness Dt 28:48; ע׳ וְעֶרְיָה nakedness and bareness (= naked and bare, of personified Jerusalem), Ez 16:7, 22, 39; 23:29.