H5749a H5749a
to surround, encompass, testify; to stand upright or give solemn witness
This verb root carries related senses of surrounding, repeating, testifying, and standing upright, derived from ideas of return and restoration. The glosses provided show significant semantic range: Psalm 119:61 speaks of wicked bands surrounding the psalmist, while other references involve standing upright (Psalm 20:8), upholding (Psalm 146:9), or lifting up (Psalm 147:6). The root may connect to Arabic עוד (return, repeat) and is related to the noun עֵדוּת (testimony), suggesting movement that circles back or reaffirms.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The semantic range is complex and possibly reflects multiple homographic roots or polysemous development. Glosses include "surrounded" (Psalm 119:61), "stood upright" (Psalm 20:8), "upholds" (Psalm 146:9), and "lifts up" (Psalm 147:6). Multilingual evidence shows significant variation: French includes "témoigner" (testify), suggesting juridical senses, while English and Spanish reflect physical actions (surrounding, standing, lifting). The verb may derive from a root meaning "return, repeat, go about," extended to mean "encircle" or "testify solemnly" (testimony as repeated, established witness). The scattered glosses suggest either broad polysemy or textual/interpretive challenges. 4×
AR["الْتَفَّتْ-حَوْلِي", "مُشَجِّعُ", "وَانْتَصَبْنَا", "يُعَضِّدُ"]·ben["উত্তেজিত-করেন", "এবং-দৃঢ়-হয়েছি", "তারা-আমাকে-জড়িয়ে-ধরেছে", "সাহায্য-করেন"]·DE["er-upholds", "haben-surrounded-mich", "lifter-up-of", "und-stand-upright"]·EN["and-stood-upright", "have-surrounded-me", "he-upholds", "lifter-up-of"]·FR["de-témoigner", "et-témoigner", "témoigner"]·heb["ו-נתעודד", "יעודד", "מעודד", "עיוודוני"]·HI["और-सीधे-खड़े-हैं", "वह-संभालता-है", "सँभालनेवाला"]·ID["Ia-menguatkan", "dan-dikuatkan", "meliliti-ku", "yang-menguatkan"]·IT["e-testimonio'", "testimonio'"]·jav["Ingkang-ngangkat", "Panjenenganipun-nglipur", "saha-jumeneng", "sami-ngubengi-kula"]·KO["그가-붙드시다", "그리고-곧게-서나이다", "둘러싸였나이다-나-를", "붙드시는-분이시라"]·PT["Sustenta", "e-permanecemos-firmes", "me-cercaram", "sustenta"]·RU["Поддерживающий", "и-укрепились", "опутали-меня", "поддерживает"]·ES["Levantando", "me-rodearon", "sostiene", "y-estamos-firmes"]·SW["anawainua", "anawasaidia", "na-tumeimarika", "zimenizunguka"]·TR["destekleyen", "sardı-beni", "ve-doğrulduk"]·urd["اور-کھڑے-ہوئے-ہیں", "سنبھالنے-والا", "وہ-سنبھالتا-ہے", "گھیرا-مجھے"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עוּד] vb. prob. return, go about, repeat, do again (Arabic عود, عَادَ return, do again, iv. restore, also say again, iterate, عَادَةٌ habit; Ethiopic ዖደ: turn about, surrouend, ዐውድ: circuit, circle; Syriac Pa. ܥܰܝܶܕ accustom, Ethpe. Aph. be accustomed, ܥܝܳܕܳܐ usage, ceremong, ܥܺܐܕܳܐ festival (Brock), whence Arabic عِيدٌ id., as loan-word, Frä276; Palm. עידא usage Lzb337 Cook90; NH עֵד, and…