H5628 H5628
To spread out, hang down, extend; to sprawl in indolent excess; to become foul or rotten.
Originally describing something that goes free or extends beyond its proper bounds, this verb paints vivid pictures across its three senses. Tabernacle curtains 'hang down' over the sides (Exod 26:12-13), and Ezekiel's vine 'spreads out' its branches (Ezek 17:6). Amos transforms the physical image into moral critique: the wealthy 'sprawl' on their ivory couches (Amos 6:4, 7) — Spanish 'los extendidos' preserving the literal 'stretched out' while the prophetic context supplies the indictment. In Jer 49:7, the Niphal shifts to decay: wisdom has 'become foul,' with Spanish 'se ha podrido' ('has rotted') conveying the sense of something once good that has spoiled.
Senses
1. spread out, extend, hang down — Spreading out, extending, or hanging down physically — describing material or organic extension beyond a boundary. Exod 26:12-13 uses it of tabernacle curtains that hang over and extend past the frame; Ezek 17:6 of a vine's branches spreading out; Ezek 23:15 of flowing turbans. Spanish 'colgará/colgantes-de' ('will hang/hanging with') and French 's'étendre' ('to extend') confirm the spatial, physical sense. 4×
AR["تَتَدَلّى","مُتَدَلِّيَةً","مُسْدَلَّةٍ","مُمْتَدَّةٍ"]·ben["ছড়ানো","ঝুলন্ত","ঝুলবে","ধরা"]·DE["[סרוחי]","[סרחת]","hanging","soll-haengen"]·EN["flowing-with-","hanging","shall-hang","spreading"]·FR["--pendre","s'étendre","tenture"]·heb["סורחת","סרוח","סרוחי","תסרח"]·HI["फैलती-हुई","लटकते","लटका-हुआ","लटके"]·ID["bersorban-menjuntai","menjalar","menjuntai"]·IT["[סרוחי]","[סרחת]","hanging","shall-appendere"]·jav["badhé-gumantung","gumantung","ngrembaka","ngumbar"]·KO["늘어지리라","늘어진","늘어진-자들이다","퍼지는"]·PT["espalhada","pendendo","penderá","turbantes-de"]·RU["будет-свисать","их","раскидистой","свисающим"]·ES["colgando","colgantes-de","colgará","extendida"]·SW["ikining'inia","itaning'inia","unaotambaa","walioenea"]·TR["sarkacak","sarkanlar","sarkmış","yayılan"]·urd["لٹکا-ہوا","لٹکتے-ہوئے","لٹکے","پھیلنے-والی"]
2. sprawl, lounge in excess — Sprawling or lounging in indolent excess — a figurative extension of 'spreading out' applied to human posture and moral laxity. Amos 6:4 denounces those 'sprawling' (סְרֻחִים) on their couches, and 6:7 warns the 'sprawlers' will lead the exile. Spanish 'los extendidos/y se extienden' retains the literal stretching image while the prophetic frame turns it into a picture of decadent indifference to national ruin. 2×
AR["المُتَمَدِّدينَ","وَ-المُتَمَدِّدونَ"]·ben["ও-যারা-বিস্তৃত","বিস্তৃতদের"]·DE["[וסרחים]","[סרוחים]"]·EN["and-sprawling","the-sprawlers"]·FR["et-s'étendre","s'étendre"]·heb["וּ-סרוּחים","סרוּחים"]·HI["और-फैले-रहते-हैं","फैले-हुओं-का।"]·ID["dan-yang-bermalas-malasan","yang-bermalas-malasan"]·IT["[וסרחים]","[סרוחים]"]·jav["ing-amben","kang-mlèsèd"]·KO["그리고-기지개-켜는-자들아","기지개-켜는-자들의"]·PT["e-esparramados","os-esparramados"]·RU["и-развалившиеся","развалившихся"]·ES["los-extendidos","y-se-extienden"]·SW["na-wamestarehe","wanaostarehe"]·TR["gerinmişlerin","ve-gerinmişler"]·urd["اور-پھیلے-ہوئے","پھیلے-ہوؤں-کی"]
3. become foul, go bad (Nifal) — Becoming foul, going bad, rotting — the Niphal sense of deterioration or corruption. Jer 49:7 asks whether Edom's wisdom has 'become foul' (נִסְרְחָה), implying something once valuable that has decayed. Spanish 'se ha podrido' ('has rotted') and Hindi 'sad gai' ('has rotted') uniformly render this as organic spoilage, suggesting the root's 'going beyond bounds' can mean overripening into putrefaction. 1×
AR["فَسَدَتْ"]·ben["পচা-গেছে"]·DE["[נסרחה]"]·EN["has-become-foul"]·FR["[נסרחה]"]·heb["נסרחה"]·HI["सड़-गई"]·ID["telah-basi"]·IT["[נסרחה]"]·jav["risak"]·KO["썩었느냐"]·PT["corrompeu-se"]·RU["иссякла"]·ES["se-ha-podrido"]·SW["imeharibika"]·TR["koktu"]·urd["سڑ-گئی"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [סָרַח] vb. go free, be unrestrained overrun, exceed (NH סָרוּחַ overhanging, flapping; Arabic سَرَح of camels, etc., pasture where they please; also send forth to pasture; ii. let a wife go free; let down the hair; سُرُح easy.—NH סָרַח, Aramaic ܣܪܰܚ usually = corrupt, sin);— Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְרַח Ex 26:12; Pt. act. f. סֹרַ֫חַת Ez 17:6; pass. סָרוּחַ (cf. Köii. 1, 137 Ges§ 50 f. BaNB 180) Ex…