Laziness and Idleness

† רָפָה vb. sink, relax (NH id., so Aramaic רפא (der. spec.), Zinj. רפה Aph., ܪܦܳܐ; Arabic رَفَاهَة an easy life is perhaps akin);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. Ju 19:9 (yet v. infr.); 3 fs. רָֽפְתָה Ju 8:3 Je 49:24, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְפֶּה Is 5:24, וַיִּ֫רֶף Ex 4:26 (v. infr.), etc.;— 1. sink down, of hay in flame Is 5:24; sink, decline, of day Ju 19:9 (si vera l.; 𝔊L κέκλικεν, GFM נָטָה [but how expl. the difficult רפה?]). Usually 2. sink, drop (of wings, v. Pi.), of hands, c. מִן Ne 6:9 their hands will drop from the work (in fear); elsewhere abs. fig. = lose heart, energy, 2 S 4:1; Is 13:7; Je 6:24; 50:43; Ez 7:17; 21:12; Zp 3:16; 2 Ch 15:7; יָדַיִם om. Je 49:24. 3. relax, abate, of temper Ju 8:3 (+ מֵעַל pers.). 4. relax, withdraw, subj. י׳, מִן pers. Ex 4:26 (J), i.e. let one alone (but read perhaps וַיֶּרֶף, v Hiph.). Niph. Pt. pl. נִרְפִּים idle Ex 5:18, 17 (J). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. רִפָּה Jb 12:21; Impf. 3 fpl.; תְּרַפֶּינָה Ez 1:24, 25; Pt. מְרַפֵּא (Ges§ 75 rr) Je 38:4; pl. מְרַפִּים Ezr 4:4;—causat.: let wings drop Ez 1:24, 25 (read Qal, כנפיהם subj., 𝔊 Co Toy Krae al., who del. in v 25); loosen and let drop, girdle of mighty, fig. for weaken them Jb 12:21; c. acc. hands, fig. for enfeeble, dishearten Je 38:4; Ezr 4:4. Hiph. Impf., 3 ms. sf. יַרְפְּךָ Dt 4:31 +; juss. 2 ms. תֶּ֫רֶף Jos 10:6 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַרְפֵּה Ju 11:37; 2 K 4:27; הֶ֫רֶף Dt 9:14 +; mpl. הַרְפּוּ ψ 46:11;—causat., 1. let drop, the hand 2 S 24:16 = 1 Ch 21:15; fig., + מִן pers., = abandon, Jos 10:6 (JE); perhaps also (יָד om.) = relax, refrain Ex 4:26 (reading וַיֶּרֶף, v Qal.); acc. rei, = abandon, forsake, Ne 6:3, so (subj. י׳) ψ 138:8; subj. י׳, c. acc. pers., Dt 4:31; 31:6, 8; Jos 1:5 (D), 1 Ch 28:20. 2. let go, sf. pers., Ct 3:4 (opp. אחז); fig., acc. (om.) מוּסָר, Pr 4:13 (opp. החזיק), צְדָקָה Jb 27:6 (opp. id.). 3. refrain, c. מִן pers., = let one alone Ju 11:37; Dt 9:14, מִן of anger ψ 37:8; c. ל pers. 1 S 11:3; 2 K 4:27; acc. pers. Jb 7:19; abs. let alone, i.e. do nothing, be quiet, 1 S 15:16 ψ 46:11 (cf. Weir in Dr 18 15, 16).—Je 3:22; Jb 5:18 ψ 60:4 v. רָפָא" dir="rtl" >רָפָא. Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְרַפִּית Pr 24:10 hast shewn thyself slack; Pt. מִתְרַפֶּה 18:9 one shewing himself slack, pl. מִתְרַפִּים Jos 18:3.—Vid. also רָפָא" dir="rtl" >רָפָא heal.

עָצֵל14 adj. sluggish, lazy;—always ע׳ abs.;—אִישׁ־ע׳ Pr 24:30; elsewhere subst. sluggard Pr 6:6, 9 + 10 times Pr + הֶע׳ 10:26.

ἀργός, όν, __Blater ή, όν Refs 4th c.BC+:—properly not working the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+; idle, lazy, opposed to ἐργάτις, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἀ. τὴν διάνοιανRefs 5th c.BC+; ἂν ἀ. ᾖ if he have no trade, Refs 4th c.BC+: with genitive of things, idle at a thing, free from it, τῶν οἴκοθεν from domestic toils, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. αἰσχρῶν slow to evil, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 of things, δόρυRefs 5th c.BC+; of money, lying idle, yielding no return, opposed to ἐνεργός, Refs 4th c.BC+ and 20; of land, lying fallow, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to πεφυτευμένος, Refs 3rd c.AD+; διατριβὴ ἀ. in which nothing is done, fruitless, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb ἀργῶς, ἐπιμέλεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.2.b ἀ. λόγος, name of a sophism, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __B.II passive,unwrought, ἁρμός, κυμάτιον, Refsunprepared for eating, Refs 5th c.BC+; βύρσαι undressed hides, Refs 2nd c.BC+; unpolished, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.2 not done, left undone, κοὐκ ἦν ἔτ᾽ οὐδὲν ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐν ἀργοῖς not among things neglected, Refs 6th c.BC+ __B.II.3 unattempted, μάχηRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4 Astrology texts, τόπος ἀ., name of the Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [סָרַח] vb. go free, be unrestrained overrun, exceed (NH סָרוּחַ overhanging, flapping; Arabic سَرَح of camels, etc., pasture where they please; also send forth to pasture; ii. let a wife go free; let down the hair; سُرُح easy.—NH סָרַח, Aramaic ܣܪܰܚ usually = corrupt, sin);— Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּסְרַח Ex 26:12; Pt. act. f. סֹרַ֫חַת Ez 17:6; pass. סָרוּחַ (cf. Köii. 1, 137 Ges§ 50 f. BaNB 180) Ex 26:13; pl. סְרוּחִים Am 6:7, סְרֻחִים v 4; cstr. סְרוּחֵי Ez 23:15;— 1. go free, be unrestrained: וּסְרֻהִים עַל־עַרְשׂוֹתָם Am 6:4 i.e. prob. = and are sprawling upon their couches (in contempt. hyperbole), מִרְזַח ס׳ v 7 the revelry of sprawlers; pt. act. of overrunning, spreading vine Ez 17:6. 2. of overhanging stuffs (proposes overrunning, exceeding, extended beyond limits) תִּסְרַח עַל אֲחֹרֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 26:12 (P) it shall overrun (overhang), over the back of the tabern., so יִהְיֶה סָרוּחַ עַל־צִדֵּי הַמּ׳ v 13; סְרוּחֵי טְבוּלִים Ez 23:15 overhung of turbans, extended with respect to turbans, = with pendant turbans (cf. [טְבוּל]). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִסְרְחָה חָכְמָתָם Je 49:7 usually is their wisdom let loose (i.e. dismissed, gone)? (‖ הֵאֵין עוֹד חָכְמָה בְּתֵימָ֑ן אָֽבְדָה עֵצָה מִבָּנִים); but NöExpos. May, 1897, 363 is corrupt (cf. NH, and especially Aramaic).

καταναρκάομαι, Ionic dialect καταναρκ-έομαι, passive, grow quite numb, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be reduced to a torpid condition, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II active, καταναρκᾶν τινος to be slothful towards, press heavily upon.. , NT

ὀκν-ηρός, ά, όν, shrinking, timid, ἐλπίδες -ότεραι Refs 5th c.BC+; especially from fear, opposed to τολμηρός, Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb -ρῶς reluctantly, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -ότερονRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 idle, sluggish, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II of things, causing fear, vexatious, troublesome, ἡμῖν μὲν.. ταῦτ᾽ ὀκνηρά Refs 5th c.BC+

νωθρ-ός, ά, όν, ={νωθής}, Refs 5th c.BC+; καταφορὴ ν. falling into a heavy sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb - θρῶς Refs 4th c.BC+ I; leisurely, gradually, Refs 5th c.BC+: neuter as adverb, ὄμμασι νωθρὰ βλέπουσα Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 of the mind, ν. καὶ λήθης γέμοντες Refs 5th c.BC+; στόματα Refs 4th c.BC+; ν. καὶ μωροί Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb ἀγεννῶς καὶ νωθρῶς Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II active, making sluggish, νότοι Refs 5th c.BC+

† עַצְלָה n.f. sluggishness;—ע׳ Pr 19:15; du. intens. עֲצַלְתַּיִם Ec 10:18 double (i.e. great) sluggishness (so Thes De al.; read then perhaps עַצְלָתַיִם; > from עָצֵל a sluggish pair, i.e. hands Ew al.), but improb.; ‖ שִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם, whence Bi conj. עַצְלוּת, Siegf עַצְלַת יָדַיִם.

ἀργέω, future -ήσω: aorist ἤργησαRefs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἤργηκαRefs 3rd c.AD+: (ἀργός, ἀεργός):—to be unemployed, do nothing, Refs 5th c.BC+; keep Sabbath, LXX+1st c.AD+; οἱ ἀργοῦντες the idle, Refs; γῆ ἀργοῦσα lying fallow, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀργῆσαν ἤμυσε στέγοςRefs 5th c.BC+is out of work, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the senses, to be at rest, νυκτὸς τῆς ὄψεως ἀργούσηςRefs 4th c.BC+: with genitive _of things_, ἀργήσει.. τῆς αὑτοῦ δημιουργίας will be unoccupied in his own work, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II passive, to be left undone, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be fruitless, ἡ σκέψις ἂν ἀργοῖτοRefs

ἀτακτ-έω, of a soldier, to be undisciplined, opposed to εὐτακτέω, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, πολλὰ γὰρ ἠτάκτητο αὐτοῖςRefs 1st c.AD+: generally, neglect one's duty, fail to discharge obligation, NT+5th c.BC+ __2 generally, lead a disorderly life, Refs 5th c.BC+ to desert it, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 raise a riot or rebellion, Refs 4th c.AD+

ἄτακτ-ος, ον, not in battle-order, of troops, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 not at one's post, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II undisciplined, disorderly, θόρυβοςRefs 5th c.BC+; irregular, πυρετόςRefs 5th c.BC+casual, Refs; of sensual excess, irregular, inordinate, ἡδοναί, Ἀφροδίτη, Refs 5th c.BC+; in Music, without rhythm, μελῳδίαιRefs 3rd c.AD+; in Medicine texts, irregular, σφυγμόςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 uncivilized, lawless, βίοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 in Mathematics texts, ἄτακτα προβλήματα indeterminate, not admitting of a definite solution, Refs 5th c.AD+ __B adverb -τως in an irregular, disorderly manner, of troops, ἀ. καὶ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ προσπίπτοντεςRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 irregularly, of fevers, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 comparative ἀτακτοτέρως somewhat negligently, Refs 4th c.BC+

† [עָצֵל] vb. Niph. be sluggish (NH in der. species, and deriv.; cf. Arabic عَظِلَ iii. stick fast in coitu, Lane2086; Syriac ܥܛܶܠ be stupid);—Impf. 2 mpl. אַל־תֵּעָֽצְלוּ לָלֶכֶת Ju 18:9 be not sluggish in going.

† עַצְלוּת n.f. id.;—לֶחֶם ע׳ Pr 31:27.