H5462 H5462
To shut, close, deliver up, quarantine, or confine; of gold: pure, refined; in Pual: firmly barred
A versatile verb whose core meaning is the physical act of shutting or closing a door, gate, or opening, as when God shut Noah into the ark (Gen 7:16). In the Hifil stem it extends in two striking directions: delivering a person into an enemy's hands, and quarantining someone for ritual inspection of skin disease (Lev 13). The Qal passive participle developed a specialized metallurgical sense for gold that has been 'shut up' in the refining process, meaning pure or refined. Across Arabic, Korean, and Swahili, different roots are required for the closing, surrendering, and quarantine senses, confirming that Hebrew compresses several distinct semantic domains under one root.
2. deliver up, hand over (Hifil/Piel) — A Hifil/Piel sense meaning to hand over or surrender a person to an enemy or authority. Arabic aslama and yusallimu capture this transfer meaning with entirely different roots from 'close,' revealing a genuine semantic extension in Hebrew. Deuteronomy 23:15 forbids delivering an escaped slave, and 1 Samuel 23:11 records David's anxiety about being delivered up by the men of Keilah. 20×
amh["ትዝጋ"]·AR["أَسْلَمَ","أَسْلَمَهُمْ","أَغْلَقَ","تغلق","تَسْليمِهِمْ","تَسْلِيمُهُ","تُسَلِّمُني","تُسَلِّمْ","تُسَلِّمْنِي","لِ-يُسَلِّموا","هَلْ-يُسَلِّمُنِي","هَلْ-يُسَلِّمُونَ","وَ-أُسَلِّمُ","وَأَسْلَمَ","يُسَلِّمُكَ","يُسَلِّمُونَ","يُسْلِمُنِي"]·ben["এবং-তিনি-সমর্পণ-করেছিলেন","ও-আমি-সমর্পণ-করব","তিনি-সমর্পণ-করেছিলেন","তোমাকে-সমর্পণ-করবেন","বন্দী-করেছেন","সমর্পণ-কর","সমর্পণ-করতে","সমর্পণ-করবে","সমর্পণ-করবে-আমাকে","সমর্পণ-করবে-কি","সমর্পণ-করবে-কি-আমাকে","সমর্পণ-করলে-আমাকে","সমর্পণ-করা-তাকে","সমর্পণ-করেছিলেন-তাদের","সমর্পণ-করেছে-তারা","সমর্পণ-করেছেন","সমর্পণ-করেন-আমাকে"]·ces["vydej"]·dan["skulle-du-udlevere"]·DE["[הסגיר]","[הסגירם]","[והסגרתי]","[יסגירני]","[להסגיר]","befreite-hinauf","du-soll-Hand-ueber","du-wird-befreie-mich","gab-ihnen-hinauf","schloss","sie-wird-befreie","sollst-du-ausliefern","und-schloss","wird-befreie-du","wird-sie-befreie","wird-sie-befreie-mich","wird-sie-befreien","zu-befreie-ihn"]·ell["παραδίδεις"]·EN["He-delivered","You-have-delivered-me","and-I-will-deliver-up","and-he-gave-over","delivered-up","delivers-me","gave-them-up","hand-over","he-delivered","their-delivering","they-will-deliver","to-deliver","to-deliver-him","will-deliver-you","will-they-deliver","will-they-deliver-me","you-shall-hand-over","you-will-deliver-me"]·FR["[הסגיר]","donna-eux-en-haut","délivra-en-haut","et-fermer","fera-délivre-tu","fera-ils-délivre","fera-ils-délivre-moi","fermer","fermer-moi","ils-fera-délivre","le-fermer","livre","sera-ils-délivrer","tu-devra-main-sur","tu-fera-délivre-moi","à-délivre-lui"]·guj["સોંપી-દે"]·hat["livre"]·hau["ka-ba-da"]·heb["ה-יסגירו","ה-יסגירו-ני","הסגיר","הסגיר-ו","הסגירם","הסגרת-אותי","ו-הסגרתי","ו-יסגר","יסגירו","יסגירני","יסגר-ך","ל-הסגיר","סגר","תסגיר","תסגיר-ני","תסגר"]·HI["और-सौंप-दिए","और-सौंप-दूँगा","क्या-सौंपेंगे","तूने-बंद-किया-मुझे","बन्द-करेग-तुझे","वे-सौंपेंगे","सौंप","सौंप-दिए","सौंप-दिया","सौंप-दिया-उनको।","सौंप-दिया-मुझे","सौंपना-उसे","सौंपने-उनके","सौंपने-के-लिए","सौंपें","सौंपेगा","सौम्पेग-मुझे"]·hun["szolgáltasd-ki"]·ID["Dan-Dia-menyerahkan","Dia-menyerahkan","Ia-menyerahkan","TUHAN-akan-menyerahkanmu","akankah-menyerahkan","akankah-menyerahkanku","dan-Aku-akan-menyerahkan","engkau-menyerahkan","engkau-menyerahkanku","kamu-menyerahkan","menyerahkan","menyerahkan-mereka","menyerahkanku","menyerahkannya","mereka-akan-menyerahkan","mereka-menyerahkan","untuk-menyerahkan"]·IT["a-libera-lui","chiudere","chiudere-mio","chiuse","consegnare","diede-loro-su","e-chiudere","e-chiuse","essi-vorrà-libera","liberò-su","tu-dovra-mano-sopra","tu-vorrà-libera-me","volere-essi-liberare","vorrà-essi-libera","vorrà-essi-libera-me","vorrà-libera-tu"]·jav["Panjenengan-masrahaken","Panjenengan-sampun-masrahaken","Saha-Panjenengan-sampun-masrahaken","kangge-masrahaken","lan-Kawula-masrahaken","masrahaken","masrahaken-kawula","masrahaken-tiyang-punika","nyerahaken-kula","nyerahaken-panjenengan","panggiling","panjenengan-masrahaken-kula","piyambakipun-badhe-masrahaken","punapa-badhe-masrahaken","punapa-badhe-masrahaken-kawula"]·JA["引き渡す"]·KO["가두기를","가두셨나이다","가두지","그-가-넘겨주었네","그들이-넘겨줌","그리고-내가-내어주리라","내어주셨나니","내어주셨다","내주라","내주셨다","넘겨주겠느냐","넘겨주는-것이다","넘겨주려고","넘겨주실것이다-너를","넘겨줄-것이다","넘기리라","넘기면-나를"]·mar["स्वाधीन-करूस"]·mya["အပ်နှံပိတ်"]·nld["lever-uit"]·nor["utlever"]·pnb["حوالے-کر"]·pol["wydawaj"]·PT["E-entregou","Me-entrega","e-entregarei","entregar-me-ão","entregar-te-á","entregarás","entregarás-me","entregarão","entregaste-me","entregou","entregues","entregá-lo","os-entregou","para-entregar","seu-entregar"]·ron["preda"]·RU["выдавай","выдадут","выдадут-ли","выдадут-ли-меня","выдать-его","выдашь-ты-меня","заключит-тебя","и-предал-Он","и-предам","предал","предал-Он","предал-их","предал-меня","предание-их","чтобы-предать"]·ES["Me-entrega","Y-entregó","acaso-entregarán","acaso-me-entregarán","entregar-ellos","entregarlo","entregarán","entregarás","entregues","entregó","ha-entregado","los-ha-entregado","me-entregarás","me-entregaste","para-entregar","te-encerrará","y-entregaré"]·SW["Ametia","Na-akakabidhi","alikabidhi","aliwatia","amenikabidhi","amewatoa","atakukabidhi","kumkabidhi","kunikabidhi","kuwatoa","mtoeni","na-nitatoa","ulinitoa","utamrudisha","wasaliti","watakabidhi","watanikabidhi"]·swe["utlämna"]·tam["ஒப்புக்கொடு"]·tel["అప్పగించుము"]·tgl["isuko"]·TH["มอบ"]·TR["teslim-edecek-seni","teslim-edecekler","teslim-edecekler-mi","teslim-edecekler-mi-beni","teslim-edeceksen-beni","teslim-edeceksin","teslim-etme","teslim-etmek","teslim-etmek-için","teslim-etti","teslim-etti-beni","teslim-etti-onları","teslim-ettikleri","teslim-ettin-beni","ve-teslim-edeceğim","ve-teslim-etti"]·ukr["видавай"]·urd["اور-حوالے-کروں-گا","اور-حوالے-کیا","تُو-حوالے-کرے","تُو-نے-بند-کیا-مجھے","حوالے-کر","حوالے-کر-دیا","حوالے-کرتا-ہے-مجھے","حوالے-کرنا-اُسے","حوالے-کرنے-اُن-کے","حوالے-کرنے-کے-لیے","حوالے-کریں","حوالے-کریں-گے۔","حوالے-کرے-گا-تجھے","حوالے-کرے-گا-مجھے","حوالے-کیا","حوالے-کیا-اُنہیں","حوالے-کیے","کیا-حوالے-کریں-گے","کیا-حوالے-کریں-گے-مجھے"]·VI["giao-nộp"]·yor["fi-lé-ọwọ́"]·yue["交出"]·ZH["交出"]
Deut 23:15, Deut 32:30, Josh 20:5, 1 Sam 17:46, 1 Sam 23:11, 1 Sam 23:12, 1 Sam 23:12, 1 Sam 23:20, 1 Sam 30:15, 2 Sam 18:28, Job 16:11, Ps 31:8 (+8 more)
▼ 6 more senses below
Senses
1. shut, close (Qal) — The foundational meaning: to physically shut or close a door, gate, or opening. Arabic uses aghlaqa and sadda, Korean datda, Swahili -funga, each dedicated closing verbs, while Hebrew encompasses them all. Key passages include God closing the ark behind Noah (Gen 7:16) and shutting Adam's flesh (Gen 2:21). The 36 occurrences span everyday and theologically charged closings alike. 36×
AR["أَغْلَقَ","سَدَّ","مُغْلَقٌ","مُغْلَقَةً","مُغْلَقَةٌ","وَ-أَغْلَقَ","وَ-سَدَّ","وَ-يُغْلَقُ","وَأَغْلَقَ","وَأَغْلَقَتِ","وَأَغْلَقَتْ","وَيُغْلِقُ","يُغْلِقْ"]·ben["আর-বন্ধ-করলেন","এবং-বন্ধ-করবে","এবং-বন্ধ-করল","এবং-বন্ধ-করলেন","ও-বন্ধ-করবে","ও-বন্ধ-করলেন","বন্ধ","বন্ধ-করলেন","বন্ধ-করেছিল","বন্ধ-করেছিলেন"]·DE["[ויסגר]","[וסגר]","[סגור]","[סגר]","er-schloss","hatte-schloss","schloss-er","und-er-schloss","und-schloss","und-verschliessen","und-verschloss","verschliessen"]·EN["and-closed","and-he-closed","and-he-shall-shut","and-he-shuts","and-shut","and-would-shut","had-closed","he-closed","he-shut","it-shut","shut","shut-up"]·FR["[וסגר]","avait-ferma","et-ferma","et-fermer","et-il-ferma","et-shut","fermer","il-ferma","il-shut"]·heb["ו-יסגור","ו-יסגר","ו-סגר","ו-סגרה","סגור","סגר"]·HI["उस्ने-बन्द-किय","और-बंद-करे","और-बंद-किया","और-बन्द-करेगा","और-बन्द-किया","बंद","बंद-किए","बंद-किया","बंद-था","बन्द","बन्द-किया"]·ID["dan-dia-menutup","dan-menutup","dan-menutup-lah-ia","menutup","tertutup","yang-akan-menutup"]·IT["aveva-chiuse","chiudere","e-chiudere","e-chiuse","e-egli-chiuse","e-shut","egli-chiuse","egli-shut"]·jav["dipuntutup","katutup","lan-nutup","nutup"]·KO["그리고-닫았다","그리고-닫으릴까","그리고-닫으면","그리고-닫으셨다","그리고-닫을-것이다","닫았다","닫혀-있을-것이다","닫힌"]·PT["e-fechará","e-fechou","fechado","fechou"]·RU["закрыл","закрыты","закрытыми","запертых","затворила","и-закроет","и-закрыл","и-закрыла","и-затворил"]·ES["cerrada","cerrado","cerró","y-cerrará","y-cerró"]·SW["akafunga","alifunga","alikuwa-amefunga","atalifunga","lilikuwa-limefungwa","limefungwa","na-akafunga","na-atafunga","umefunga","zimefungwa"]·TR["kapalı","kapalıydı","kapatmıştı","kapattı","ve-kapatacak","ve-kapatsa","ve-kapatti","ve-kapattı"]·urd["اور-بند-کرے","اور-بند-کرے-گا","اور-بند-کیا","بند","بند-تھا","بند-کر-دیا-تھا","بند-کیا"]
3. quarantine, shut up (Hifil causative confinement) — Hifil causative confinement, specifically the quarantine or isolation of a person during Levitical skin-disease inspection (Lev 13-14). Arabic yahjuzu ('to quarantine') and Swahili -tenga ('to isolate') employ distinct roots, confirming this as a separate conceptual domain from mere closing. The priest 'shuts up' the afflicted person for seven days of observation. 12×
AR["الْحَجْزِ","وَ-يَحْجُزُ","وَ-يَحْجُزُهُ","وَأَغْلَقَ","يَحْجُزُهُ"]·ben["আবদ্ধ-রাখার","আলাদা-রাখবে-তাকে","এবং-আবদ্ধ-রাখবে","এবং-আলাদা-রাখবে","এবং-আলাদা-রাখবে-তা","এবং-আলাদা-রাখবে-তাকে","এবং-বন্ধ-করেন"]·DE["[ויסגיר]","er-soll-einsperren-hinauf-ihn","shutting-hinauf","und-soll-einsperren-hinauf","und-soll-einsperren-hinauf-es","und-soll-einsperren-hinauf-ihn"]·EN["and-imprisons","and-shall-shut-up","and-shall-shut-up-him","and-shall-shut-up-it","he-shall-shut-up-him","shutting-up"]·FR["et-devra-fermer-en-haut","et-devra-fermer-en-haut-cela","et-devra-fermer-en-haut-lui","et-fermer","il-devra-fermer-en-haut-lui","shutting-en-haut"]·heb["הסגיר","ו-הסגיר","ו-הסגירו","ו-יסגיר","יסגרנו"]·HI["उसे","और-अलग करेगा","और-बंद-करे","को","फैला","बंद होने के","में-चमड़ी","याजक","वह","सात"]·ID["dan-memenjarakan","dan-mengurung","dan-mengurungnya","dia-harus-mengurung","dikurung"]·IT["e-chiudere","e-dovra-rinchiudere-su","e-dovra-rinchiudere-su-esso","e-dovra-rinchiudere-su-lui","egli-dovra-rinchiudere-su-lui","shutting-su"]·jav["lan-ngurung","lan-nutup","ngurung"]·KO["가둔","격리할-것이다-그를","그리고-가두면","그리고-가둔리라","그리고-격리할-것이다","그리고-격리할-것이다-그를"]·PT["e-encarcerar","e-fechará","e-fechará-o","fechar","fechará-o"]·RU["запрета","и-заключит","и-запрёт","и-пусть-затворит","и-пусть-затворит-его","пусть-затворяет-его"]·ES["encerrar","lo-encerrará","y-encerrará","y-encierra","y-lo-encerrará"]·SW["atamtenga","kutenga","na-akafunga","na-atamtenga","na-atatenga"]·TR["tecrit-edecek-onu","tecrit-ettiği","ve-kaparsa","ve-tecrit-edecek","ve-tecrit-edecek-onu"]·urd["اور-بند-کرے","اور-بند-کرےگا","اور-بند-کرےگا-اُسے","اور-قید-کرے","بند-کرنے-کے","بند-کرےگا-اُسے"]
4. pure, refined (Qal passive participle) — A specialized Qal passive participle applied almost exclusively to gold: refined, pure, smelted and sealed. Arabic khalisun ('pure, genuine') comes from a completely different root than aghlaqa ('to close'), revealing that Hebrew extends the shutting metaphor to metallurgical purification. Nearly all occurrences cluster in Solomon's temple descriptions (1 Kgs 6-7, 10). 8×
AR["خَالِصًا","خَالِصٍ","مُغْلَقٌ","مُقفَلٌ"]·ben["খাঁটি","বিশুদ্ধ"]·DE["rein","verschliessen"]·EN["pure","refined"]·FR["fermer","pur"]·heb["סָגוּר","סגור"]·HI["बन्द","शुद्ध"]·ID["emas","murni","tulen"]·IT["chiudere","puro"]·jav["murni"]·KO["닫은","닫힌","순수한"]·PT["fechado","puro"]·RU["чистое","чистым"]·ES["cerrado","puro"]·SW["na-akapitisha","na-maua","safi"]·TR["kapatılmış","saf"]·urd["خالص"]
5. be shut, be closed (Nifal) — Nifal passive or reflexive: to be shut, to be closed, to be confined. Used of Miriam shut outside the camp (Num 12:14-15), city gates being barred at dusk (Neh 13:19), and figurative closure of gates before Cyrus (Isa 45:1). Arabic tughlaqu and Spanish se cerraran confirm the passive dimension across traditions. 8×
AR["انْغَلَقَ","اِنْعَزِلْ","تُحْبَسُ","تُغْلَقُ","فَأُغْلِقَتِ","وَ-حُبِسَتْ"]·ben["-সেগুলি-বন্ধ-হবে","আবদ্ধ-হও","আবদ্ধ-হয়েছে","আর-বন্ধ-হল","এবং-বন্দী-রাখা-হল","বন্দী-রাখা-হোক","বন্ধ-হবে"]·DE["[ויסגרו]","[יסגרו]","er-ist-schloss-in","lass-ihr-sein-einsperren-hinauf","und-war-einsperren-hinauf","verschliessen"]·EN["and-was-shut-up","and-were-shut","he-is-shut-in","let-her-be-shut-up","shall-be-shut","shut-yourself","they-will-be-shut","will-be-shut"]·FR["[יסגרו]","et-fermer","et-était-fermer-en-haut","fermer","il-est-ferma-dans","laisse-sa-être-fermer-en-haut"]·heb["היסגר","ו-יסגרו","ו-תסגר","ייסגר","ייסגרו","יסגרו","נסגר","תסגר"]·HI["और-बंद-रही","बंद-किए-जाएंगे","बंद-किया-गया","बंद-रहे","बंद-हो-जा","बन्द-होंगे","बन्द-होगा"]·ID["akan-ditutup","dan-dikurunglah","dan-hendaklah-ditutup","dia-terkunci","hendaklah-ia-dikurung","kurungkanlah-dirimu"]·IT["chiudere","e-chiudere","e-fu-rinchiudere-su","egli-è-chiuse-in","lascia-lei-essere-rinchiudere-su"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-dipun-tutup","badhe-dipuntutup","badhé-katutup","dipun-tutup","lan-dipun-tutup","piyambakipun-dipun-tutup","sampun-katutup","singidana"]·KO["가두어라","갇혔다","그녀는-격리될-것이다","그리고-격리되었다","그리고-닫혔다","닫히리라","닫히지-않을-것이다"]·PT["E-foi-fechada","e-foram-fechadas","fecha-te","fechou-se","será-fechada","será-fechado","serão-fechados"]·RU["да-будет-заключена","закроются","закроются-они","заперся","запрись","затворятся","и-была-заключена","и-затворили"]·ES["Y-fue-encerrada","enciérrate","se-cerrarán","se-encerró","sea-encerrada","será-cerrada","serán-cerrados","y-fueron-cerradas"]·SW["afungwe","amefungwa","hayatafungwa","jifungie","litafungwa","na-akafungwa","na-yakafungwa","yatafungwa"]·TR["git","kapanacak","kapatilacak","kapatıldı","kapatılsın","ve-kapatıldı","ve-kapatılsın"]·urd["اور-بند-رکھی-گئی","اور-بند-کیے-جائیں","بند-رکھی-جائے","بند-ہو","بند-ہو-گا","بند-ہو-گیا","بند-ہوں-گے"]
6. confine, imprison (Piel intensive) — Piel intensive: to shut up, confine, or imprison a person with deliberate, forceful action. Arabic habasa ('to imprison') and yusjanuna ('they are imprisoned') require dedicated incarceration vocabulary, whereas Hebrew intensifies the same root. Notable in David's recognition that God 'shut up' Saul into his hand (1 Sam 24:18) and the eschatological imprisonment of Isaiah 24:22. 4×
AR["حَبَسَ","حَبَسَني","وَيُسْجَنُونَ","وِ-سُجّْرُو"]·ben["এবং-বন্ধ-হয়","ও-বন্ধ-হবে","সমর্পণ-করেছেন","সমর্পণ-করেছেন-আমাকে"]·DE["[וסגרו]","schloss-hinauf","schloss-mich"]·EN["and-are-shut","and-shut-up","shut-me","shut-up"]·FR["[וסגרו]","et-fermer","ferma-en-haut","ferma-moi"]·heb["ו-נסגרו","ו-סוגרו","סגר","סיגר-ני"]·HI["और-बंद-हों","और-बन्द-किए-जाएंगे","बंद-किया-मुझे","बंद-किया-है"]·ID["Dan-tertutup","dan-dikurung","menyerahkan","menyerahkanku"]·IT["chiuse-me","chiuse-su","e-chiudere"]·jav["lan-dipun-tutup","lan-katutup","sampun-masrahaken","sampun-nyerahaken-kawula"]·KO["가두셨다","가두었다","그리고-가두리니","그리고-닫힌다"]·PT["E-se-fecham","e-serão-fechados","entregou","fechou-me"]·RU["И-затворятся","и-будут-заключены","предал","предал-меня"]·ES["encerró","me-encerró","y-se-cierren","y-serán-encerrados"]·SW["Na-zimefungwa","alinifunga","amemfunga","na-watafungwa"]·TR["kapattı","kapattı-beni","ve-kapanir","ve-kapatilacaklar"]·urd["اور-بند-کیے-جائیں-گے","اور-بند-ہوں","بند-کیا-مجھے","دے-دیا"]
7. be firmly shut, be barred (Pual passive) — Pual passive intensive: to be firmly shut, locked, or barred, implying a more thorough closure than the simple Nifal. Arabic muqfala ('barred/bolted') uses the root q-f-l for locks, distinct from ordinary closing. Jericho was 'tightly shut up' (Josh 6:1), and the apocalyptic city is 'broken down' with every house barred shut (Isa 24:10). 3×
AR["أُغْلِقَ","قَدْ-أُغْلِقَتْ","وَ-مُقفَلَةٌ"]·ben["এবং-আবদ্ধ","বন্ধ-হয়েছে"]·DE["[סגר]","[סגרו]","und-barred"]·EN["and-barred","are-shut-up","shut"]·FR["[סגר]","[סגרו]","et-barred"]·heb["ו-מסוגרת","נסגר","סוגרו"]·HI["और-तालाबंद","बंद-हो-गए","बन्द-हो-गया"]·ID["dan-terkunci","dikunci","tertutup"]·IT["chiudere","e-barred"]·jav["dipun-tutup","lan-kanutup-rapet"]·KO["그리고-잠겼다","닫혔다","닫혔으니"]·PT["e-trancada","fechada-está","foram-fechadas,"]·RU["заперт","заперты","и-забаррикадировано"]·ES["fue-cerrada","fueron-cerradas","y-atrancada"]·SW["imefungwa","na-kufungwa","zimefungwa"]·TR["kapatildi","kapatıldı","ve-kapanmış"]·urd["اور-بند-کیا-ہوا","بند-ہو-گئے","بند-ہے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
I. סָגַר vb. shut, close (NH id., Aramaic סְגַר, ܣܓܰܪ id.; Zinj. מסגרת prison Lzb328; Ph. סגר Pi. or Hiph. deliver over; poss. Ethiopic ሠገራት (prison) guard PräBAS i. 371);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Gn 19:6 +, 3 pl. סָֽגְרוּ 2 Ch 29:7, סָֽגְר֑וּ ψ 17:10 (cf. Baer’s n., Ges§ 29 o Köii. 1, 535 Anm.), סָנָר֑וּ Gn 19:10 Jos 2:7; Impf. יִסְגֹּר Jb 12:14 Mal 1:10, 1 pl. cohort. נִסְגְּרָה Ne 6:10, etc.; Imv.…