H5391b H5391b
to charge interest, lend on usury; to cause someone to pay interest on a loan
This denominative verb, derived from נֶשֶׁךְ (interest, usury), means to lend money at interest or to charge usury. It appears exclusively in Deuteronomy 23:19-20, where the law permits charging interest to foreigners but prohibits it among fellow Israelites. The Qal means "give interest," while the Hiphil means "make one give interest" or "charge interest." This reflects ancient Near Eastern economic ethics regarding loans within the covenant community versus outsiders.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Describes lending money at interest or charging usury. Deuteronomy 23:19-20 uses both Qal and Hiphil forms to regulate interest-bearing loans: Israelites may charge interest to foreigners but not to fellow Israelites. The fourfold occurrence (Deut 23:19, 19, 20, 20) reflects the detailed legal formulation. Cross-linguistic glosses consistently render as interest/usury terms: "charge interest" (English), "cobrar interés" (Spanish), "prêter sur intérêt" (French), "Zins" (German). The legal context is economic and covenantal, distinguishing insider from outsider lending practices. 4×
AR["تُقْرِضُ", "يُرَابَى"]·ben["সুদ-দিতে-পার", "সুদ-দেওয়া-হয়", "সুদ-দেবে"]·DE["du-moege-Auftrag-Zins", "du-soll-Auftrag-Zins", "ist-lieh-auf-Zins"]·EN["is-lent-on-interest", "you-may-charge-interest", "you-shall-charge-interest"]·FR["est-prêta-sur-interest", "tu-devra-charge-interest", "tu-pourra-charge-interest"]·heb["יישך", "תשיך"]·HI["ब्याज-लेगा", "लगेगा-ब्याज"]·ID["berbunga", "kamu-boleh-mengenakan-bunga", "kamu-mengenakan-bunga"]·IT["e-presto-su-interest", "tu-dovra-incarico-interest", "tu-possa-incarico-interest"]·jav["dipunriba", "nyukani-riba", "panjenengan-nyukani-riba"]·KO["빌려라", "빌리리라"]·PT["cobrarás-juros", "se-cobra-juros"]·RU["бери-проценты", "давай-в-проценты", "даётся-в-проценты", "можешь-давать-в-проценты"]·ES["cobrarás-interés", "se-preste-con-interés"]·SW["kinakopeshwa", "utamkopesha"]·TR["faiz-alabilirsin", "faiz-alacaksın", "faiz-alınır"]·urd["تُو-سود-لے", "سود-لگے"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָשַׁךְ] vb. denom. pay, give interest (cf. GerberVerba. denom. 89);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁ֑ךְ Dt 23:20 interest of anything off which one giveth interest (cf. Dr). Hiph. make one give interest; Impf. 2 ms. תָּשִּׁיךְ Dt 23:20 (+ acc. cogn.) v 21(×2), all c. לְ pers.