Interest Usury

† נָשַׁךְ vb. bite (NH = BH, but also transp. נְכַשׁ Hiph.); Assyrian našâku DlHWB 486; 𝔗 נְכֵית (especially of snakes); Syriac ܢܟܰܬ, ܢܟܶܬ; Ethiopic ነሰከ Di 642; BaZMG xliii (1889), 188 cp. Arabic نَكَثَ, undo threads, untwist rope, disintegrate, dissolve);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָשַׁךְ Nu 21:9, sf. וּנְשָׁכוֹ consec. Am 5:19, וּנְשָׁכָם consec. 9:3; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁךְ Ec 10:11, יִשֹּׁ֑ךְ Pr 23:32, sf. יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ Ec 10:8; Pt. act. נֹשֵׁךְ Gn 49:17; pl. נֹשְׁכִים Mi 3:5, sf. נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Hb 2:7; pass. נָשׁוּךְ Nu 21:8;—bite, chiefly of serpent, c. acc., Am 5:19; 9:3 Gn 49:17 (poem in J), Nu 21:8 (pt. pass., abs.), v 9, Ec 10:8 also v 11 (abs.), Pr 23:32 (sim. of wine); fig. of prophets הַנּ׳ בְּשִׁנֵּיהֶם Mi 3:5 who are biting with their teeth, and crying, Peace! fig. of oppression, etc., נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Hb 2:7 (with play on sense thy debtors, those that give thee interest). Pi. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִשְּׁכוּ אֶתְכֶם Je 8:17 and they shall bite you fatally (fig.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְנַשְּׁכוּ אֶת־הָעָם Nu 21:6 and they bit the people fatally (both of serpents).

† נֶ֫שֶׁךְ n.[m.] interest, usury (lit. something bitten off);—נ׳ abs. Ex 22:24 +; cstr. Dt 23:20;—c. שִׂים עַל־ Ex 22:24 (E); c. לָקַח מִן Lv 25:36, הֵשִׁיב מִן Ez 18:17, לָקַח 22:12 (no prep.), בְּנֶשֶׁךְ Lv 25:37 at interest, so ψ 15:5 Ez 18:8, 13; בְּנ׳ Pr 28:8 by usury; as acc. cogn. Dt 23:20(×3).

† תַּרְבִּית n.f. increment, interest, usury (= מַרְבִּית 1 b; cf. (on both) Arabic رَبَا iv. take usury, رِبًا interest, usury, Syriac ܪܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ; SaalschützMos. Recht (ii. 1848), 859 HoelemannLetzte Bibelstud. (1885). 297 f. Di Lv 25:36 Benn Hast. DB debt);—alw. abs. ת׳: + נֶשֶׁךְ Lv 25:36 (H), Ez 18:17; 22:12; Pr 28:8; ‖ id. Ez 18:8, 13.

† [נָשַׁךְ] vb. denom. pay, give interest (cf. GerberVerba. denom. 89);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁ֑ךְ Dt 23:20 interest of anything off which one giveth interest (cf. Dr). Hiph. make one give interest; Impf. 2 ms. תָּשִּׁיךְ Dt 23:20 (+ acc. cogn.) v 21(×2), all c. לְ pers.

τόκος, ὁ, (τίκτω) childbirth, parturition, of women, Refs 8th c.BC+; of animals, Refs 8th c.BC+ __b the time of parturition, ὁ τ. τῆς γυναικός Refs 5th c.BC+; period of gestation, ἐνιαύσιος ὁ τ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __c ἡ φύσις τοῦ παιδίου τοῦ ἐν τόκῳ in the foetal stage, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II offspring, of men or animals, πάντων Ἀργείων ἐρέων γενεήν τε τόκον τε Refs 8th c.BC+; of an eagle, ἐλθὼν ἐξ ὄρεος, ὅθι οἱ γενεή τε τόκος τε Refs 8th c.BC+; Οἰδίπον τ. his son, Refs 4th c.BC+ (but also, daughter, θεὰ γεγῶσα καὶ θεοῦ πατρὸς τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; fry of fish, Refs 4th c.BC+; litter of pigs, πασῶν τῶν συῶν ἀπὸ τόκου χοῖρον λαμβάνειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, produce of money lent, hence interest Refs 5th c.BC+ obols per month on the mina, Refs 4th c.BC+; τ. πεντεκαιδέκατος, i. e. 100/15 = 6 2/3%, Refs 2nd c.BC+; singular and plural, Refs 5th c.BC+; κομίζεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμβάνειν ἀπό τινος Refs 5th c.BC+compound interest, Refs 5th c.BC+ plays on the double meaning of the word, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, interest, [γῄδιον] ὅτι λάβοι σπέρμα.. δικαίως ἀπεδίδου αὐτό τε καὶ τόκον Refs 5th c.BC+; offspring, ἢ τίκτων λόγους ἢ τὸν ἑτέρων τόκον λαμβάνων Refs 4th c.AD+; bringing forth, Refs __II.4 oppression, as translation of Hebrew τōκη, LXX

χρεωφειλ-έτης, ου, ὁ, debtor, NT+4th c.BC+