H5383 H5383
To lend money or goods; as participle, a creditor or usurer; in Hifil, to extend a loan or exact a debt
This verb governs the economic world of lending, borrowing, and debt collection in ancient Israel. In its Qal stem it simply means 'to lend,' as in Jeremiah 15:10 where the prophet protests he has neither lent nor borrowed. The participle becomes a substantive noun meaning 'creditor' — the figure behind the widow's cry in 2 Kings 4:1 and the social inversion of Isaiah 24:2. Spanish consistently renders this 'acreedor' (creditor), while English alternates between 'creditor' and 'lender.' The Torah's concern with just lending (Exod 22:25, Deut 15:2) makes this word a window into biblical economic ethics.
Senses
1. to lend (Qal) — The basic Qal verbal sense of lending money or goods to another person, typically constructed with the preposition bêt for the person receiving the loan. Jeremiah 15:10 pairs active and passive ('I have not lent, nor have they lent to me') to express total social innocence. Spanish 'prestamos/prestas' and English 'lent/lending' confirm straightforward loan-making. 5×
AR["أُقْرِضْ", "اِقْتَرَضُوا-", "مُقْرِضونَ", "مُقْرِضٌ"]·ben["ঋণ-দিয়েছি", "ঋণ-নিয়েছে-", "নিচ্ছ", "নিচ্ছিলাম", "পাওনাদার"]·DE["Frauen", "[נשו]", "[נשיתי]", "sind-lending"]·EN["I-lent", "are-lending", "lending", "they-lent-"]·FR["[נשו]", "[נשים]", "[נשיתי]", "sont-lending"]·heb["נושה", "נשו", "נשים", "נשיתי"]·HI["उधार-दिया-", "उधार-दिया-मैंने", "उधार-दे-रहे-हैं", "उधार-देने-वाला", "लिया-है"]·ID["aku-meminjamkan", "memberikan-pinjaman", "meminjamkan", "memungut", "mereka-meminjam-"]·IT["[נשו]", "[נשים]", "[נשיתי]", "sono-lending"]·jav["kula-nyambut", "nyambut", "nyilih-dhateng", "sami-nyambut-"]·KO["그들이-빌려주지", "내가-빌려주지", "빌려주고-있는", "빌려주고-있다", "빌려주는"]·PT["cobrando", "emprestando", "emprestas", "emprestei", "me-emprestaram;"]·RU["берущие-в-долг", "брали-в-долг-", "давал-в-долг", "дающие-в-долг", "даёшь-в-долг"]·ES["me-prestaron", "prestamos", "prestas", "prestáis", "presté"]·SW["mnakopesha", "nimekopesha", "tunakopesha", "unamkopesha", "wamenikopesha-"]·TR["borç-verdiler-", "borç-verdim", "borç-veriyorsun", "faiz-alıyorsunuz", "ödünç-veriyoruz"]·urd["دیا-اُنہوں-نے-قرض-", "سود-لے-رہے-ہو", "قرض-خواہ", "قرض-دے-رہے-ہیں", "لیا-میں-نے-قرض"]
2. creditor, one who holds debt — The Qal participle used as a substantive: the creditor, the one who holds the debt. This figure appears as legally empowered and sometimes threatening — the creditor who comes to take a widow's sons as slaves (2 Kgs 4:1), or as a social category in Isaiah 24:2 where creditor and debtor alike face judgment. Spanish 'acreedor' and English 'creditor' are consistent across all five occurrences. 5×
AR["الدَّائِن", "كَ-مُقرِضٍ", "كَالدَّائِنِ", "مِنْ-دَائِنِيَّ", "وَالدَّائِنُ"]·ben["-আমার-পাওনাদারদের-মধ্যে", "এবং-পাওনাদার", "পাওনাদার", "যেমন-পাওনাদার", "সুদখোরের-মতো"]·DE["[כנשה]", "[מנושי]", "ein-creditor", "und-der-creditor", "wie-ein-creditor"]·EN["a-creditor", "and-the-creditor", "as-a-creditor", "as-the-creditor", "of-My-creditors"]·FR["[כנשה]", "[מנושי]", "comme-un-creditor", "créancier", "et-le-creditor"]·heb["ו-ה-נושה", "כ-נושה", "מ-נושי", "נושה"]·HI["और-लेनदार", "जैसे-महाजन", "ब्याज-वसूलने-वाले-की-तरह", "महाजन", "मेरे-लेनदारों-में-से"]·ID["dan-penagih-utang", "dari-penagih-hutang-Ku", "penagih-utang", "seperti-penagih", "seperti-penagih utang"]·IT["[כנשה]", "[מנושי]", "[נושה]", "come-un-creditor", "e-il-creditor"]·jav["Lan-tiyang-ingkang-nagih", "ing-antawis-tiyang-ingkang-ngutangi-Ingsun", "kados-ingkang-narik-bunga", "kados-tiyang-ingkang-nagih;", "tiyang-ingkang-nyambut"]·KO["그리고-채권자-가", "나의-채권자들-중에", "채권자-가", "채권자-같이"]·PT["como-credor", "como-o-credor", "e-o-credor", "meus-credores", "o-credor"]·RU["заимодавец", "и-заимодавец", "из-заимодавцев-Моих", "как-заимодавец", "как-заимодавцу"]·ES["Y-el-acreedor", "como-acreedor", "como-el-acreedor", "de-mis-acreedores", "el-acreedor"]·SW["kama-mdaiwa", "kama-mkopeshaji", "kati-ya-wanaodai", "mdai", "na-mdai"]·TR["alacakli-gibi", "alacaklilarimdna", "alacaklı", "alacaklı-gibi", "ve-alacakli"]·urd["اور-قرض-خواہ", "سود-لینے-والے-کی-طرح", "قرض-خواہ", "قرض-خواہ-جیسے", "میرے-قرض-خواہوں-میں-سے"]
3. to lend (Hifil causative) — The Hifil causative stem, meaning to cause lending or to extend a loan, found in Deuteronomy's lending regulations. In Deut 15:2 every creditor 'shall release' what he has caused to be lent, and in 24:10 instructions govern how one should behave 'when you lend' to a neighbor. Spanish 'prestes/prestó' and English 'lends/lend' carry the active grant-of-credit nuance. 2×
AR["أَقْرَضَ", "تُقْرِضُ"]·ben["ধার-দাও", "সে-ধার-দিয়েছে"]·DE["du-leihen", "er-lends"]·EN["he-lends", "you-lend"]·FR["il-lends", "tu-prêter"]·heb["ישה", "תשה"]·HI["उधार-देगा", "उधार-देता-है"]·ID["dipinjamkan", "engkau-meminjamkan"]·IT["egli-lends", "tu-prestare"]·jav["panjenengan-silih", "sampun-nyambut"]·KO["빌려주면", "빌려주었느니라"]·PT["emprestar", "emprestares"]·RU["дашь-в-долг", "ссудил"]·ES["prestes", "prestó"]·SW["alidai", "utakopesha"]·TR["borç-verecek", "borç-verirsen"]·urd["قرض-دیا-ہے", "قرض-دے"]
4. to exact, press for debt — A single occurrence in Nehemiah 5:7 where the sense shades toward exacting or pressing for debt repayment — Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for oppressively demanding payment from their fellow Jews. Spanish 'cargáis' (you burden/charge) captures the coercive, extractive quality that distinguishes this from neutral lending. 1×
AR["مُقْرِضونَ"]·ben["নিচ্ছ"]·DE["[[[נשיםנשאים]]נשים]"]·EN["exacting"]·FR["[נשיםנשאיםנשים]"]·heb["[[נשיםנשאים]]נשים"]·HI["ले-रहे-हो"]·ID["membebankan"]·IT["[נשיםנשאיםנשים]"]·jav["nyuwun-renten"]·KO["취하고-있다"]·PT["cobrando"]·RU["берущие"]·ES["cargáis"]·SW["mnatoza"]·TR["alıyorsunuz"]·urd["سود-لے-رہے-ہو"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. נָשָׁה vb. lend, become a creditor (cf. I. נשׁא);— Qal Pf. 1 s. נָשִׁ֫יתִי Je 15:10; 3 pl. נָשׁוּ v 10; Pt. נֹשֶׁה Ex 22:24 + 4 times; pl. נֹשִׁים Ne 5:10, 11 + v 7 Qr (Kt נֹשְׁאִים, v. I. נשׁא), sf. נוֹשַׁי Is 50:1;—lend, usually c. ב pers.: לֹא־נָשִׁיתִי וְלֹא־נָשׁוּ־בִי Je 15:10 I have not lent, and they have not lent to me, Dt 24:11 Ne 5:7 (Qr; + acc. cogn.), v 10, 11 (both + acc. rei);…