H5110 H5110
To move to and fro, wander; to show grief or sympathy by shaking, nodding, or moaning; causatively, to drive away.
Nud is a verb that lives in the body — its semantic range connects the restless physical motion of a fugitive, the swaying of a reed in the wind, and the visible gestures of mourning: shaking the head, rocking back and forth in grief, moaning aloud. Cain's punishment of being a 'wanderer' (nad, Gen 4:12, 14) and Job's friends coming 'to show sympathy' (Job 2:11) seem far apart in English, but the Hebrew holds them together through the image of agitated, unsettled movement. The multilingual evidence confirms this bodily core: Spanish splits between andar-errante ('wander aimlessly') and condolerse/lamentarse ('grieve/lament'), while French secouer ('shake') surfaces across nearly every sense, preserving the kinetic thread that English translations obscure.
Senses
1. wander, flee, be fugitive — Qal of physical displacement: to wander, flee, be a fugitive, moving about without fixed direction or home. This is the sense of Cain's curse — 'a wanderer and a fugitive you shall be on the earth' (Gen 4:12, 14). The participle nad becomes virtually a title for the displaced. Spanish andarás-errante ('you shall wander aimlessly') and French errer ('to roam') both capture the purposeless, driven quality. Ps 11:1 and Prov 26:2 extend the image to birds fleeing, and Jer 4:1 and 49:30 use it of nations scattering before invaders. Nine occurrences form a tight cluster around involuntary, directionless movement. 9×
AR["[ketiv]","انْزَحِي","اُهْرُبُوا","تَتَزَعْزَعُ","شَرِدُوا","لِلتَّرحالِ","هَرَبُوا","وَ-هَارِبًا"]·ben["-উড়তে","এবং-পলাতক","ঘুরে-বেড়াও","পলায়ন-করো","পালাও","পালিয়ে-যাও","পালিয়েছে","বিচলিত-হবে"]·DE["[ketiv]","[לנוד]","fliehen","schuetteln","und-flüchtig"]·EN["[ketiv]","and-fugitive","flee","for-flitting","they-have-wandered","wander","you-wander"]·FR["errer","et-fugitive","secouer","à-לנוד"]·heb["ו-נד","ל-נוד","נדו","נודו","נודי","תנוד"]·HI["और-भागता","घूमे","घूमो","भटकती","भटकेगा-तू","भागो"]·ID["Larilah","[Ketiv]","dan-pelarian","kamu-akan-mengembara","mengungsilah","mereka-mengungsi","untuk-mengembara"]·IT["commosse","e-fugitive","per-per-flitting","scuotere"]·jav["Lolosa","[ketib-qere]","lan-kesasar","mabur","ngungsiang","panjenengan-badhe-obah","sami-ngungsi"]·KO["그리고-떠도는","도망가라","떠나라","떠났다","떠돌아다니라","방황하지","헤매는"]·PT["Foge","Fugi","[variante]","e-vagabundo","fugiram","para-vagar","vacilarás","vagueai"]·RU["Уйдите","беги","и-бродягой","поколеблешься","порхать","скитайтесь","уйдут","улетай"]·ES["[huye]","andarás-errante","han-huido","huyan","huye","para-vagar","vaguen","y-vagabundo"]·SW["(ruka)","Hameni","[ruka]","hameni","kuzurura","na-mtu-anayezurura","tangatanga","wamehama"]·TR["[ketiv]","göçtüler","göçün","kaç","sallayacaksın","uçuşan","ve-kaçak"]·urd["اور-آوارہ","اُڑ","بھاگ-گئے","بھاگو","بھٹکتی-ہے","بھٹکے-گا","دور-بھاگو"]
2. grieve, lament, show sympathy — Qal of emotional response: to grieve, lament, show sympathy or condolence for another person's suffering. Job's three friends came 'to show him sympathy and comfort him' (Job 2:11); after his restoration, relatives 'showed him sympathy' (Job 42:11). The psalmist waited for someone to 'show sympathy' but found none (Ps 69:20). Spanish compadecerse ('to feel compassion') and condolerse ('to grieve with') capture the empathetic dimension. The connection to sense 1 is kinesthetic: mourners sway, rock, and move their bodies in expressions of grief, so the 'moving to and fro' of the wanderer becomes the 'moving to and fro' of the mourner. 9×
AR["تَتَعَاطَفْ","تَرَثَّوْا","تَنُوحُوا","لِيَنوحوا-عَلى","مُواسياً","وَرَقُّوا","يَتَعَاطَفُ","يَرَثِي","يَنُوحُ"]·ben["আর-তারা-সহানুভূতি-জানালেন","তোমরা-শোক-কর","শোক-কর","শোক-করবে","সহানুভূতি-করতে","সহানুভূতি-জানাতে","সহানুভূতি-দেখাবে","সহানুভূতি-প্রকাশ-কর"]·DE["[וינדו]","[ינוד]","[לנוד]","für-sympathy","schuetteln"]·EN["and-they-showed-sympathy","for-sympathy","grieve","grieves","lament","to-mourn","will-grieve","you-will-grieve"]·FR["et-וינדו","secouer","à-errer","à-לנוד"]·heb["ו-ינודו","ינוד","ל-נוד","נודו","תנוד","תנודו"]·HI["और-शोक-किया","शोक-करने-को-","शोक-करेगा","शोक-करो","शोक-मनाएगा","शोक-मनाना","हिलाओ"]·ID["akan-berdukacita","akan-menangisi","berbelas-kasihan","berbelasungkawalah","berdukacita","dan-mereka bersimpati","untuk-meratapi","untuk-simpati"]·IT["[ינוד]","commosse","e-e-they-showed-sympathy","per-a-mourn","scuotere"]·jav["badhé-nangisi","badhé-nglilih","badhé-nresnangi","kanggé-kawelasan","lan-sami-bela-sungkawa","mrihatinaken","panjenengan-prihatos","sesambata","supados-nglayat"]·KO["그리고-동정하였다","너에게-슬퍼하겠느냐","동정하는-자-를","애도하라","애도하리요","애도하리이까","애도하지","위로하러"]·PT["Lamentai","a-lamentará","e-lamentaram","lamentará","lamenteis","lamentes","para-condoer-se","por-compaixão","terá-pena"]·RU["Соболезнуйте","и-сострадали","пожалеет","посочувствует","рыдайте","сочувствия","сочувствовать","сочувствуй"]·ES["compadecerse","condoleos","os-lamentéis","para-condolerse","se-condolerá","te-condolezcas","y-se-condolieron"]·SW["Waombolezeni","atakayekulilia","atakuombolezea","atamhurumia","huruma","kumlilia","mwombolezeee","na-walimhurumia","wahurumie"]·TR["acıyacak-biri-için","baş-sallayacak","başsağlığı","başsağlığı-dilemek-için-","başsağlığı-dileyecek","başsağlığı-verin","ve-başsağlığı-dilediler","yas-tut","yas-tutacak"]·urd["افسوس-کر","افسوس-کرے-گا","اور-اُنہوں-نے-ہمدردی-کی","غمگین-ہو","لِ-ہمدردی-کے","ماتم-کرو","ہمدردی-کرنے"]
3. cause to wander, shake, drive away — Hifil causative: to cause to wander, shake, or drive away — the active, transitive counterpart of senses 1 and 4. God will shake Israel like a reed (1 Kgs 14:15 belongs here conceptually through the Hifil framework); the psalmist prays that the 'hand of the wicked' not 'drive me away' (Ps 36:11); and heads are wagged at ruined cities (Jer 18:16). Spanish hacer-vagar ('cause to wander') and German schuetteln ('shake') both reflect the causative force. Only three occurrences, but they confirm the verb's core meaning of agitated motion by showing what it looks like when someone imposes that motion on another. 3×
AR["تُزِحْزِحْني","لِأُزَعْزِعَ","وَ-يَهُزُّ"]·ben["ও-নাড়াবে","তাড়াও-আমাকে","নড়াতে"]·DE["lass-drive-mich-weg","und-schuetteln","zu-wander"]·EN["and-will-shake","let-drive-me-away","to-wander"]·FR["errer","et-secouer","à-wander"]·heb["ו-יניד","ל-הניד","תניד-אותי"]·HI["और-हिलाएगा","भटकाए-मुझे","ल-भटकाना"]·ID["dan-menggelengkan","untuk-menggerakkan"]·IT["a-wander","commosse","e-scuotere"]·jav["lan-ngobahaken","ngobahaken","ngusir-kula"]·KO["그리고-흔들-것이다","움직이게-하리라","쫓아내게-하소서-나-를"]·PT["e-moverá","me-faça-vagar","para-fazer-vagar"]·RU["да-сдвинет-меня","и-покачает","скитать"]·ES["a-hacer-vagar","me-mueva","y-moverá"]·SW["kuzungusha","na-atatikisa","unitoe"]·TR["-süründürmek","sürsün-beni","ve-sallayacak"]·urd["اور-ہلائے-گا","مجھے-ہٹائے","کے-لیے-ہلانے"]
4. sway, shake, totter — Qal/Hitpael of physical oscillation: to sway, shake, or totter, describing unsteady back-and-forth movement of objects or bodies. Israel will be shaken 'as a reed is shaken in the water' (1 Kgs 14:15), and the earth 'sways like a drunkard' (Isa 24:20). Spanish bambolearse ('to wobble/sway') and the English 'sway' both zero in on the oscillating, pendulum-like quality. This is arguably the most basic physical sense of the root, from which both wandering and mourning gestures derive metaphorically. 2×
AR["وَتَتَأَرْجَحُ","يَتَمَايَلُ"]·ben["ও-নড়বে","দোলে"]·DE["sways","und-schuetteln"]·EN["and-sways","sways"]·FR["et-secouer","sways"]·heb["ו-התנודדה","ינוד"]·HI["और-डगमगाएगी","हिलती-है"]·ID["bergoyang","dan-bergoyang"]·IT["e-scuotere","sways"]·jav["goyang","lan-ngoyog"]·KO["그리고-흔들리리니","흔들린다"]·PT["balança","e-oscilou"]·RU["и-качается","качается"]·ES["se-mece","y-se-bambolea"]·SW["inavyotikisika","na-inayumbayumba"]·TR["sallanır","ve-sallaniyor"]·urd["اور-ہلے-گی","ہلتی-ہے"]
5. moan, bemoan oneself — Hitpael reflexive/intensive: to moan or bemoan oneself in personal lamentation, expressing intense inner grief turned inward. A single occurrence in Jer 31:18, where Ephraim is overheard 'moaning' in self-directed sorrow. Spanish lamentándose and the reflexive Hitpael morphology both confirm the inward-facing quality: not sympathy for another (sense 2) but the subject's own rocking, groaning grief. French secouer ('shake') still surfaces, maintaining the kinetic undertone. 1×
AR["يَتَأَوَّهُ"]·ben["বিলাপ-করছে"]·DE["schuetteln"]·EN["moaning"]·FR["secouer"]·heb["מתנודד"]·HI["विलाप-करते-हुए"]·ID["meratap"]·IT["scuotere"]·jav["sesambat"]·KO["심하게-슬퍼하는"]·PT["lamentando-se"]·RU["сокрушающегося"]·ES["lamentándose"]·SW["akiomboleza"]·TR["sarsılan-o"]·urd["آہیں-بھرتے-ہوئے"]
6. shake the head — Hitpael as gesture of derision: to shake or wag the head at someone in mockery, pity, or astonishment. In Jer 48:27 the taunt against Moab asks whether Israel was 'shaken at' — i.e., mocked with a head-shake. Spanish menear-la-cabeza ('wag the head') and German schuetteln ('shake') both identify the gesture precisely. Though only one occurrence, the cross-lingual evidence consistently renders it as a visible physical gesture of contempt, distinguishing it from the sympathetic movement of sense 2. 1×
AR["تَهُزُّ"]·ben["তুমি-মাথা-নাড়বে"]·DE["schuetteln"]·EN["you-shake-your-head"]·FR["secouer"]·heb["תתנודד"]·HI["तू-सिर-हिलाता-था"]·ID["engkau-menggelengkan-kepala"]·IT["scuotere"]·jav["panjenengan-gogèg"]·KO["머리를-흔들라-너는"]·PT["te-agitavas"]·RU["ты-качаешь-головой"]·ES["meneas-la-cabeza"]·SW["unatikisika"]·TR["başını-sallarsın"]·urd["تو-سر-ہلاتا-تھا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)G2309 1. want, desire (166×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† נוּד vb. move to and fro, wander, flutter, shew grief (NH id. (rare); Aramaic ܢܳܕ נוּד, shake, move to and fro, be disturbed, agitated; Biblical Aramaic flee (v. infr.); Arabic (نود) نَادَ waver, totter);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָד, so read for MT נֵד Is 17:11 Ges Hi Ew Di Kit CheHpt RV; 3 pl. נָ֫דוּ Je 50:3; Impf. 3 ms. יָנוּד 1 K 14:15 + 3 times; 2 ms. תָּנוּד Je 4:1, juss. תָּנֹד 16:5; 3 mpl.…