H5086 H5086
Drive away, blow about; to scatter or be scattered like chaff before the wind, depicting divine judgment or helpless dispersal.
Evokes the vivid image of wind scattering chaff, leaves, or stubble -- a staple metaphor for divine judgment and the fate of the wicked. Psalm 1:4 sets the classic scene: the ungodly are 'like chaff that the wind drives away.' The verb operates in two voices: the active Qal pictures God or the wind as agent forcefully blowing enemies apart, while the passive Nifal portrays the helpless being driven about. Spanish captures both poles with 'aventar' (to winnow/scatter) and 'ser aventado' (to be winnowed).
Senses
1. be driven, blown about (Nifal passive) — Nifal passive: to be driven, blown about, or scattered helplessly, describing chaff, stubble, or leaves carried away by wind. Leviticus 26:36 warns that the disobedient will flee at 'the sound of a driven leaf,' and Isaiah 19:7 applies it to vegetation along the Nile. Psalm 68:2 uses the simile 'as smoke is driven away.' Spanish 'aventada' and 'arrastrada' reflect the passive, powerless quality; French uses 'chasser' in its passive construction. 6×
AR["المَدْفُوعِ", "كَ-انْقِشاعِ", "مُنْدَفِعٌ", "مُنْدَفِعَةً", "مُنْسَاقَةٍ", "يَتَبَدَّدُ"]·ben["উড়ন্ত,", "উড়িয়ে-যাওয়া", "তাড়িত", "তাড়িয়ে-দেওয়া-হবে", "যেমন-তাড়িয়ে-দেওয়া-হয়"]·DE["[נדף]", "vertrieben", "wie-treibt"]·EN["as-is-driven-away", "be-driven-away", "driven", "stubble"]·FR["[נדף]", "comme-chasser", "driven", "נדף"]·heb["כ-הינדוף", "נדף", "נידף"]·HI["उड़ती-हुई", "उड़ते-हुए", "उड़ा-दिया-जाएगा", "उड़ाया-गया"]·ID["Seperti-tertiup", "akan-mengejar", "terhembus", "tertiup", "yang-tertiup"]·IT["condusse", "driven", "guidare"]·jav["Kadosdéné-kasingkiraken", "dipun-tiup", "ingkang-kabur", "kabur"]·KO["날려진", "날리며", "날린-", "못리는", "휘날리는", "흩어지듯"]·PT["Como-se-dissipa", "agitada", "dispersa", "impelida", "será-soprada"]·RU["гонимого", "гонимую", "гонимый", "как-развеивается", "развеются"]·ES["Como-es-aventado", "arrastrada", "aventada", "llevada-por-el-viento", "será-echado"]·SW["Kama-kupeperushwa", "linalopeperushwa", "linaoperushwa", "unaopepea", "vimepeperushwa", "yanayopeperushwa"]·TR["savrulan", "sürüldüğü-gibi-", "ucurulmus", "uflendi", "uçuşan"]·urd["اُڑ-جائے-گی", "اُڑائا-ہوا", "اُڑائے-جانے-والے", "اڑتے", "اڑتے-ہوئے", "کَ-اڑتے-ہیں"]
2. drive away, blow away (Qal active) — Qal active: to drive away or blow something apart, with God or wind as the agent who scatters enemies or chaff. Psalm 1:4 provides the paradigmatic image -- the wind actively 'drives away' the ungodly like chaff from the threshing floor. In Job 32:13, Elihu warns Israel not to say 'God will thrust him away.' Spanish 'aventarás' (you will scatter) and 'lo dispersa' (he scatters it) emphasize the forceful, intentional agency behind the dispersal. 3×
AR["تَذُرُّهَا", "تَقْشَعُهُمْ", "يَدفَعُهُ"]·ben["তাড়িয়ে-দেবেন-তাকে", "তাড়িয়ে-দেয়", "তুমি-তাড়িয়ে-দাও"]·DE["[ידפנו]", "treibt"]·EN["drive-them-away", "drives-away", "will-thrust-him-away"]·FR["chasser", "ידפנו"]·heb["ידפנו", "תדפנו", "תנדוף"]·HI["उड़ा-ले-जाती-है", "हराएगा-उसे"]·ID["diterbangkan", "mengusirnya", "terhembus"]·IT["condusse", "will-thrust-lui-via"]·jav["Panjenengan-nyingkiraken", "dipun-tiup", "ngalahaken-piyambak-ipun"]·KO["그를-물리침이라", "날려-버리는", "흩어지리이다"]·PT["a-dissipa", "dissipa", "rebate-o"]·RU["поразит-его", "развевает", "развей"]·ES["aventarás", "lo-derrotará", "lo-dispersa"]·SW["atamsukuma", "huyapeperusha", "wapeperushwe"]·TR["savurur-onu", "sür", "yenecek-onu"]·urd["اسے ڈھائے گا", "اُڑا-لے-جاتی-ہے", "تُو-اڑا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָדַף] vb. drive, drive asunder (NH id., spread, be diffused, disseminated (of odour); Arabic نَدَفَ strike, beat, especially bow-string with mallet, to clean cotton; also play the lyre; Aramaic נְדַף = NH; Ethiopic ነደፈ throw, hurl);— Qal Impf. sf. יִדְּפֶנּוּ Jb 32:13 (juss.); 3 fs. sf. תִּדְּפֶנּוּ ψ 1:4; 2 ms. תִּנְדֹּף ψ 68:3;—drive about, chaff, subj. wind ψ 1:4; wicked, subj. God 68:3…